The role of bladder diverticula in the prevalence of acute urinary retention in patients with BPH who are candidates to surgery

ABSTRACT Introduction: The urinary bladder diverticula (BD) secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a complication that can lead to urinary stasis, stone, urinary tract infection (UTI) and tumors. It's role in acute urinary retention (AUR) is not totally understood. Objectives: To determine the effect of BD size on AUR rates in patients with BPH candidates to surgery. Subjects and Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of 47 patients with BPH and BD who underwent BPH surgery associated to complete bladder diverticulectomy from 2006 to 2016. We analyzed risk factors for AUR in patients with BD using univariate, multivariate and correlation analysis. Results: There was a difference in the size of the diverticula, with 6.8 cm vs. 4.5 cm among patients with and without AUR respectively (p=0.005). The ROC curve showed a correlation between the size of BD and the risk of AUR. The value of 5.15 cm presented a sensitivity of 73% and a specificity of 72%. The area under the curve was 0.75 (p=0.01). Comparing groups with BD >5.0 cm vs. ≤5.0 cm, the AUR incidence was 74% and 27.8% respectively with an OR of 2.65 (1.20-5.85) (p=0.005). In the multivariate analysis, only the size of the diverticula reached statistical significance (p=0.012). Conclusions: The diameter of BD is an independent risk factor for AUR in patients with BPH and BD who are candidates to surgery. A diameter greater than 5.15 cm increases the risk of AUR.

Double incomplete aortic arch and Kommerell's Diverticulum as a cause of chronic cough / Doble arco aórtico incompleto y divertículo de Kommerell como causa de tos crónica

Vascular rings which can cause symptoms related the trachea and esophagus compression occur in less than 1% of all cardiovascular malformations. Double incomplete aortic arch with right-sided aorta and aberrant left subclavian artery is the rarest one, and its present in 0.04-0.1% of autopsy series. A case of this malformation with a Kommerell's Diverticulum is presented. This diverticulum has risk of severe complications such as dissection and/or rupture.

Los anillos vasculares pueden causar síntomas relacionados a compresión de tráquea y esófago y ocurren en menos del 1% de todas las malformaciones cardiovasculares. El doble arco aórtico incompleto con arco aórtico a la derecha y arteria subclavia izquierda aberrante es la forma más rara y se presenta en el 0.04 a 0.1% de las series de autopsia. Se presenta un caso de esta malformación con un divertículo de Kommerell. El divertículo tiene riesgo de complicaciones severas como disección y/o ruptura.

Impacted Anterior Urethral Calculus Complicated by a Stone-containing Diverticulum in an Elderly Man: Outcome of Transurethral Lithotripsy without Resection of the Diverticulum

Introduction The prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) is about 20% in men aged 40 or above. Other than benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), urethral diverticulum or calculus is not uncommon for LUTS in men. Surgical treatment is often recommended for urethral diverticulum or calculus, but treatment for an impacted urethral calculus complicated by a stone-containing diverticulum is challenging. Materials and Methods An 82-year-old man had the persistence of LUTS despite having undergone transurethral resection of prostate for BPH. Regardless of treatment with broad spectrum antibiotics and an α-blocker, LUTS and post-void residual urine volume (100 mL) did not improve although repeated urinalysis showed reduction of WBCs from 100 to 10 per high power field. Further radiology revealed multiple urethral calculi and the stone configuration suggested the existence of a diverticulum. He was successfully treated without resecting the urethral diverticulum; and a new generation of ultrasound lithotripsy (EMS, Nyon, Switzerland) through a 22F offset rigid Storz nephroscope (Karl Storz, Tuttingen, Germany) was used to fragment the stones. Results The operative time was 30 minutes and the stones were cleanly removed. The patient was discharged after 48 hours with no immediate complications and free of LUTS during a 2 years follow-up. Conclusions When the diverticulum is the result of a dilatation behind a calculus, removal of the calculus is all that is necessary. Compared with open surgery, ultrasound lithotripsy is less invasive with little harm to urethral mucosa; and more efficient as it absorbs stone fragments while crushing stones. .

Divertículo duodenal en la tercera porción del duodeno como causa de sangrado del tubo digestivo alto y dolor crónico abdominal: informe de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Duodenal diverticulum in the third portion of duodenum as a cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding and chronic abdominal pain: case report and literature review

BACKGROUND: Duodenal diverticulum is a little-known pathology. The duodenum represents second place in frequency for the presence of diverticula in the digestive tract after the colon. Duodenal diverticulum as a cause of hemorrhage of the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract has been described as an infrequent complication, although it must be considered in patients with digestive hemorrhage without evident cause at the esophagogastric level. Localization of diverticula in the third or fourth portions of the duodenum is rare and the diverticula are asymptomatic in 90% of cases. Diagnosis is made by endoscopy, contrast X-rays of the upper GI tract, selective arteriography and as a transoperative finding. The objective of this study was to identify and analyze the clinical presentation of duodenal diverticulum to familiarize surgeons and gastroenterologists when there is suspicion of the diagnosis. CLINICAL CASE: We report the case of an 85-year-old female presenting with massive upper GI tract hemorrhage and chronic abdominal pain due to a duodenal diverticulum located in the third portion of the duodenum. Diagnosis was made with upper GI barium series because visualization of the diverticulum was not possible by endoscopy. Other therapeutic options are described in the literature. A successful simple diverticulectomy, manually opened with a two-plane transversal incision, was performed on the patient. After >12 months of follow-up, the patient is completely asymptomatic. DISCUSSION: Clinical diagnosis presents difficulty because a classic presentation does not exist. Symptoms are generally vague, <10% of the duodenal diverticulum are frankly symptomatic, and <1 to 2% will require surgical resolution. CONCLUSIONS: Hemorrhage of the upper GI tract and chronic abdominal pain secondary to duodenal diverticulum present with recurrence and may be associated with the presence of duodenal diverticulum when other sources of bleeding are not found.

Seudoobstruction intestinal cronica por un diverticulo yeyunal: aporte de un caso y revision de la literatura / Chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction caused by jejunal diverticulum: report of a case and literature review

Se comunica un nuevo caso de S.I.C. ocasionado por un divertículo yeyunal, y revisión de la literatura referente a etiopatogenia, clínica, diagnóstico y tratamiento del mismo.

Divertículos vesicais múltiplos e insuficiência renal aguda (como conseqüência de obstruçäo urinária baixa): tática terapêutica / Multiple vesical diverticula and acute kidney failure (as a consequence of low urinary obstruction): therapeutical approach

Os autores relatam o caso de um paciente de 67 anos, portador de múltiplos divertículos vesicais que lhe acarretavam infecçoes urinárias de repetiçao de longa data. Tais divertículos surgiram como conseqüência de obstruçao urinária baixa que culminou com retençao urinária vesical completa e insuficiência renal aguda. A soluçao do problema foi equacionada em três etapas distintas: a) tratamento da insuficiência renal aguda e investigaçao diagnostica; b) ressecçao endoscópica da próstata; c) diverticulectomia por abordagem supra-púbica transvesical. Serao apresentados, neste trabalho, documentos radiográficos pré e pós-operatórios. Foram detalhados todos os processos de investigaçoes diagnosticas e a tática terapêutica empregada, bem como o seguimento do paciente e o seu estado de saúde no final do tratamento.