Voice deviation, dysphonia risk screening and quality of life in individuals with various laryngeal diagnoses

OBJECTIVES: To characterize the voice quality of individuals with dysphonia and to investigate possible correlations between the degree of voice deviation (D) and scores on the Dysphonia Risk Screening Protocol-General (DRSP), the Voice-Related Quality of Life (V-RQOL) measure and the Voice Handicap Index, short version (VHI-10). METHODS: The sample included 200 individuals with dysphonia. Following laryngoscopy, the participants completed the DRSP, the V-RQOL measure, and the VHI-10; subsequently, voice samples were recorded for auditory-perceptual and acoustic analyses. The correlation between the score for each questionnaire and the overall degree of vocal deviation was analyzed, as was the correlation among the scores for the three questionnaires. RESULTS: Most of the participants (62%) were female, and the mean age of the sample was 49 years. The most common laryngeal diagnosis was organic dysphonia (79.5%). The mean D was 59.54, and the predominance of roughness had a mean of 54.74. All the participants exhibited at least one abnormal acoustic aspect. The mean questionnaire scores were DRSP, 44.7; V-RQOL, 57.1; and VHI-10, 16. An inverse correlation was found between the V-RQOL score and D; however, a positive correlation was found between both the VHI-10 and DRSP scores and D. CONCLUSION: A predominance of adult women, organic dysphonia, moderate voice deviation, high dysphonia risk, and low to moderate quality of life impact characterized our sample. There were correlations between the scores of each of the three questionnaires and the degree of voice deviation. It should be noted that the DRSP monitored the degree of dysphonia severity, which reinforces its applicability for patients with different laryngeal diagnoses.

Paradoxical vocal fold motion: respiratory retraining to manage long-term symptoms / Movimento paradoxal de pregas vocais: reeducação respiratória no monitoramento de sintomas de longo prazo

Paradoxical vocal fold motion (PVFM) is a laryngeal disorder characterized by abnormal adduction of the vocal folds during respiration. It is caused by a multitude of etiologies and their interactions. In the current study, a 24-year-old female patient with a 12-year complaint of shortness of breath was diagnosed with paradoxical vocal fold motion following nasal endoscopy, spirometry testing and detailed case history analysis. She had no history or indication of laryngopharyngeal reflux or chronic cough. She performed respiratory retraining exercises three to four times daily for a period of four weeks, and continued daily exercises for two additional months as needed. After four weeks of treatment, abnormal vocal fold adduction continued to be seen on endoscopy and the patient was mildly symptomatic. One month post-treatment, there was no abnormal vocal fold adduction and the patient reported rare shortness of breath. At three months post-treatment, there was no abnormal vocal fold adduction and the patient no longer reported shortness of breath. She reported normal breathing with no symptoms one year later. The results suggest that non-pulmonary related shortness of breath treated with respiratory retraining can effectively eliminate dyspnea in patients with long term breathing difficulties caused by paradoxical vocal fold motion. Resolution may require treatment over an extended period of time.

O movimento paradoxal de pregas vocais (MPPV) é um distúrbio caracterizado por adução anormal das pregas vocais durante a respiração. Esse distúrbio é causado por uma série de causas e por suas interações. No presente estudo, uma paciente de 24 anos, do sexo feminino, com queixa de falta de ar há 12 anos teve o diagnóstico de movimento paradoxal de pregas vocais, a partir de dados de análise laríngea por nasoendoscopia, espirometria e avaliação clínica. A paciente não tinha histórico nem sinais de refluxo laringo-faríngico ou tosse crônica. A paciente foi submetida à reeducação respiratória, com treinamento de exercícios realizados de 3 a 4 vezes ao dia, por um período de quatro semanas, seguindo com um regime de exercícios diários por mais dois meses. Após quatro semanas de tratamento, a nasoendoscopia continuou indicando adução anormal das pregas vocais, porém em grau leve. Depois de um mês de tratamento, a movimentação das pregas vocais regularizou-se e a paciente referia frequência reduzida dos episódios de falta de ar. No acompanhamento de três meses após o tratamento, não foi observada alteração de adução de pregas vocais e nem referência à queixa de falta de ar. Somente no controle após um ano, a paciente mostrou-se livre de sintomas laríngeos e alteração respiratória. Os resultados sugerem que falta de ar sem alteração pulmonar, tratada por meio de reeducação respiratória fonoaudiológica, pode ser efetiva na eliminação da dispneia em pacientes com história crônica de dificuldades respiratórias causadas por movimento paradoxal de pregas vocais. A resolução do problema pode necessitar um tratamento prolongado.

Sindrome de laringe irritable / Irritable larynx syndrome

Dentro de las funciones laríngeas, la refleja es la más desarrollada y por ello conlleva a un sofisticado mecanismo de regulación sensitivo-motora que aún no conocemos del todo bien. Este fino mecanismo de regulación puede verse modificado por una alteración del control neuronal, provocando un estado de hipersensibilidad de respuesta a nivel laríngeo ante una gran variedad de estímulos. Las diversas formas de manifestación de esta hiperreactividad se agrupan en lo descrito como “Síndrome de Laringe Irritable”, entidad que da respuesta a gran cantidad de pacientes de curso crónico, persistente y que no presentan una causa clara o demostrable que explique su sintomatología. El manejo de estos pacientes debe ser multidisciplinario, no existiendo aún un tratamiento específico para ello, por lo cual se nos presenta no sólo como un desafío diagnóstico sino también de manejo terapéutico.

The reflected functions in the larynx is the most developed and so carries a sophisticated mechanism for regulating sensory-motor still does not know all that well. This fine regulation mechanism may be to modify by an alteration of neural control, causing a hypersensitivity response to laryngeal level in a variety of stimuli. The various manifestations of this hiperreacividad are grouped into what is described as Irritable Larynx Syndrome, an entity that responds to many patients during chronic, persistent and with no clear cause or a demonstrable to explain their symptoms. The management of these patients should be multidisciplinary not yet exist a specific treatment for this reason that we are presented not only as a diagnostic challenge but also of therapeutic.

Reflujo faringolaríngeo: revisión bibliográfica: [revisión] / Pharyngolaryngeal reflux: a literature review: [revision]

El reflujo faringolaríngeo (RFL) es un síndrome que se asocia a una constelación de síntomas. Entre ellos los más frecuentemente descritos son la disfonía, la fatiga vocal, el globus faríngeo, la tos crónica y la carraspera. Se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva en bases de datos internacionales y nacionales en relación a RFL. Se utilizaron palabras clave como globus, carraspera, laringitis, disfonía y reflujo gastroesofágico. Se obtuvieron alrededor de 35 referencias en relación al tema estudiado, siendo la mayoría publicadas con posterioridad al año 2000. En relación a su etiología, se cree que el flujo retrógrado de contenido gástrico hacia la faringe sería el hecho más importante para su génesis, pero recientemente se ha demostrado que si bien este hecho patológico es fundamental en la producción de los síntomas, existen factores adicionales, capaces de perpetuarlo, permitiendo considerar al RFL como una entidad diferente del reflujo gastroesofágico (RGE).

Pharyngolaryngeal reflux (RFL) is a syndrome associated to a variety of symptoms. Among them, the most frequently described are dysphonia, vocal fatigue, pharyngeal globus, chronic coughing and throat clearing. An exhaustive search of international and national databases was performed. Globus, throat clearing, laryngitis and gastroesophageal reflux were used as keywords. Some 35 search-related references were retrieved, of which most were published from 2000 to date. Respect to the etiology of pharyngolaryngeal reflux, the current view is that gastric contain reflux to the pharynx is the most important factor, but recently it has been demonstrated that, although this pathological trait is pivotal for symptoms appearance, there are additional factors that could perpetuate the symptoms in time, which contribute to consider RFL as a different entity from gastroesophageal reflux (RGE).