Timing of Surgery and Pre-operative Physiological Parameters as Clinical Predictors of Surgical Outcomes in Traumatic Subaxial Cervical Spine Fractures and Dislocations / Momento da cirurgia e parâmetros fisiológicos pré-operatórios como fatores preditivos clínicos de desfechos cirúrgicos em fraturas e luxações traumáticas subaxiais da coluna cervical

Abstract Objective To evaluate the risk factors and outcomes in patients surgically treated for subaxial cervical spine injuries with respect of the timing of surgery and preoperative physiological parameters of the patient. Methods 26 patients with sub-axial cervical spine fractures and dislocations were enrolled. Demographic data of patients, appropriate radiological investigation, and physiological parameters like respiratory rate, blood pressure, heart rate, PaO2 and ASIA impairment scale were documented. They were divided pre-operatively into 2 groups. Group U with patients having abnormal physiological parameters and Group S including patients having physiological parameters within normal range. They were further subdivided into early and late groups according to the timing of surgery as Uearly, Ulate, Searly and Slate. All the patients were called for follow-up at 1, 6 and 12 months. Results 56 percent of patients in Group S had neurological improvement by one ASIA grade and a good outcome irrespective of the timing of surgery. Patients in Group U having unstable physiological parameters and undergoing early surgical intervention had poor outcomes. Conclusion This study concludes that early surgical intervention in physiologically unstable patients had a strong association as a risk factor in the final outcome of the patients in terms of mortality and morbidity. Also, no positive association of improvement in physiologically stable patients with respect to the timing of surgery could be established.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar os fatores de risco e os desfechos em indivíduos submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico de lesões subaxiais da coluna cervical em relação ao momento da cirurgia e aos parâmetros fisiológicos pré-operatórios dos pacientes. Métodos O estudo incluiu 26 pacientes com fraturas e luxações subaxiais da coluna cervical. Dados demográficos, investigação radiológica apropriada e parâmetros fisiológicos, como frequência respiratória, pressão arterial, frequência cardíaca, pressão parcial de oxigênio (PaO2) e escalas de disfunção da American Spine Injury Association (ASIA), foram documentados. No período pré-operatório, os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos. O grupo instável (I) continha pacientes com parâmetros fisiológicos anormais e o grupo estável (E) era composto por pacientes com parâmetros fisiológicos dentro da faixa de normalidade. Os pacientes foram ainda subdivididos em grupos de tratamento precoce e tardio de acordo com o momento da cirurgia como Iprecoce, Itardio, Eprecoce e Etardio. Todos os pacientes foram chamados para consultas de acompanhamento em 1, 6 e 12 meses. Resultados Cinquenta e seis por cento dos pacientes do grupo E apresentaram melhora neurológica em um grau ASIA e desfecho bom independentemente do momento da cirurgia. Os desfechos em pacientes do grupo I com parâmetros fisiológicos instáveis e submetidos à intervenção cirúrgica precoce foram maus. Conclusão Este estudo conclui que a intervenção cirúrgica precoce em pacientes com instabilidade fisiológica teve forte associação como fator de risco no desfecho final em termos de mortalidade e morbidade. Além disso, não foi possível estabelecer nenhuma associação positiva de melhora em pacientes com estabilidade fisiológica em relação ao momento da cirurgia.

Suspensión alta al ligamento uterosacro con suturas permanentes en el prolapso apical: seguimiento a 24 meses / High suspension to the uterosacral ligament with permanent sutures in the apical prolapse: 24-month follow-up

Introducción: El prolapso de órganos pélvico (POP) es una patología frecuente que afecta hasta el 60% de las mujeres. La fijación alta al ligamento uterosacro (FAUS) transvaginal es una alternativa para el tratamiento del prolapso apical con buenos resultados, tiempos operatorios y de recuperación acotados, además de bajas tasas de complicaciones. Objetivo: Evaluar la tasa de éxito anatómico y subjetivo en pacientes portadoras de un prolapso apical sometidas a FAUS en el Hospital de Quilpué a 24 meses de seguimiento. Materiales y método: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo observacional descriptivo, seleccionando a todas las pacientes sintomáticas con un prolapso apical ≥ 2 de la clasificación de POP-Q, sometidas a una FAUS entre septiembre de 2014 y octubre de 2019. Los datos fueron obtenidos desde la base de datos de la unidad de uroginecología del Hospital de Quilpué, previa aprobación del comité de ética. El éxito objetivo se definió como un punto C a 1 centímetro sobre el himen y el éxito subjetivo con una escala de impresión de mejora global del paciente (PGI-I) mejor o mucho mejor y/o una escala visual analógica (EVA) mayor al 80%, a 24 meses de seguimiento. Resultados: Se incluyeron 46 pacientes. La tasa de éxito objetivo fue del 84% y de éxito subjetivo del 70%. Conclusiones: La FAUS transvaginal con suturas permanentes es una excelente alternativa para el tratamiento del prolapso apical con una tasa de éxito similar al gold standard a 24 meses de seguimiento.

Introduction: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a frequent pathology that affects up to 60% of women. Transvaginal uterosacral ligament high fixation (USLs: utero-sacral ligaments) is an alternative for the treatment of apical prolapse with good results, limited operative and recovery times, as well as low rates of complications. Objective: To evaluate the anatomical and subjective success rate in patients with an apical prolapse undergoing STALUS at the Quilpué Hospital at 24 months of follow-up. Materials and method: A descriptive observational retrospective study was carried out, selecting all symptomatic patients with an apical prolapse ≥ 2 of the POP Q classification, submitted to a FAUS between September 2014 and October 2019. The data were obtained from the database of the Urogynecology Unit of the Quilpué Hospital, prior approval of the ethics committee. Objective success was defined as a C-point 1 centimeter above the hymen and subjective success with better or much better Patient Global Impression-Improvement (PGI-I) scale and/or a greater than 80% Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), at 24 months of follow-up. Results: 46 patients were included. The objective success rate was 84% and the subjective success rate was 70%. Conclusions: The transvaginal FAUS with permanent sutures is an excellent alternative for the treatment of apical prolapse with a success rate similar to the gold standard at 24 months of follow-up.

A way to start transanal total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer

Introduction: The optimal rectal cancer care is achieved by a multidisciplinary approach, with a high-quality surgical resection, with complete mesorectal excision and adequate margins. New approaches like the transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) aim to achieve these goals, maximizing the sphincter preservation ratio, with good oncologic and functional results. This report describes a way to implement TaTME without a proctor, presents the first case series of this approach in a center experienced in rectal cancer, and compares the results with those of the international literature. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of the first 10 consecutive patients submitted to TaTME for rectal cancer at our institution. The primary outcomes were postoperative complications, pathological specimen quality and local recurrence rate. The results and performance were compared with the outcomes of a known structured program with proctorship and with the largest meta-analysis on this topic. Results: All patients had locally advanced cancer; therefore, all underwent neoadjuvant therapy. A total of 30% had postoperative complications, without mortality or re-admissions. In comparison with the structured training program referred, no differences were found in postoperative complications and reintervention rates, resulting in a similar quality of resection. Comparing these results with those of the largest meta-analysis on the subject, no differences in the postoperative complication rates were found, and very similar outcomes regarding anastomotic leaks and oncological quality of resection were registered. Conclusion: The results of this study validate the safety and effectiveness of our pathway regarding the implementation of the TaTME approach, highlighting the fact that it should be done in a center with proficiency in minimally invasive rectal surgery. (AU)

Neoplasias neuroendocrinas del intestino: serie de casos / Intestinal neuroendocrine tumors: case series

RESUMEN: Los tumores neuroendocrinos (TNE) intestinales representan el mayor porcentaje de este tipo de lesiones a nivel del aparato digestivo. El tratamiento de elección es la extirpación de la lesión primaria y sus linfonodos regionales. El objetivo de este estudio es reportar el resultado de pacientes portadores de TNE intestinales, tratados quirúrgicamente, en términos de morbilidad postoperatoria (MPO) y mortalidad. Serie de casos de pacientes con TNE intestinales intervenidos de forma consecutiva en Clínica RedSalud Mayor Temuco, entre 2006 y 2020. Las variables resultado fueron MPO y mortalidad. Otras variables de interés fueron localización y diámetro del tumor, tipo de cirugía y estancia hospitalaria. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva. Se trató a 11 pacientes (54,5 % mujeres), con una mediana de edad de 56 años. El 54,5 % de los tumores se localizó en yeyuno-íleon. La mediana del diámetro tumoral, tiempo quirúrgico y estancia hospitalaria fueron 2 cm, 75 min y 4 días, respectivamente. El tipo de resección más frecuente fue hemicolectomía derecha (63,6 %). La MPO fue 9,1 % (seroma en un paciente). No hubo reintervenciones ni mortalidad operatoria. Con una mediana de seguimiento de 18 meses, no se verificaron recurrencias. Los resultados reportados en relación a MPO y mortalidad, son adecuados en relación con la evidencia publicada.

SUMMARY: Intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (INETs) represent the highest percentage of this type of lesion in the digestive system. The treatment of choice is removal of the primary lesion and its regional lymph nodes. The aim of this study is to report the results of patients with INETs treated surgically, in terms of postoperative morbidity (POM) and mortality. Series of cases of patients with intestinal INETs operated consecutively at Clínica RedSalud Mayor Temuco, between 2006 and 2020. Result variables were POM and mortality. Other variables of interest were location and diameter of the tumor, type of surgery, and hospital stay. Descriptive statistics were used. Eleven patients (54.5 %) were treated, with a median age of 56 years. 54.5 % of the tumors were located in the jejunum-ileum. The median tumor diameter, surgical time, and hospital stay were 2 cm, 75 min, and 4 days, respectively. The most frequent type of resection was right hemicolectomy (63.6 %). The MPO was 9.1 % (seroma in one patient). There were no reoperations or operative mortality. With a median follow-up of 18 months, there were no recurrences. Reported results in relation to POM and mortality are adequate in relation to the published evidence.

A Comparative Study of Endoscopic versus Microscopic Cartilage Type I Tympanoplasty

Abstract Introduction The use of endoscope is rapidly increasing in otological and neuro- otological surgery in the last 2 decades. Middle ear surgeries, including tympanoplasty, have increasingly utilized endoscopes as an adjunct to or as a replacement for the operative microscope. Superior visualization and transcanal access to diseases normal- ly managed with a transmastoid approach are touted as advantages with the endoscope. Objectives The present study aimed to compare the outcomes of endoscopic and microscopic cartilage tympanoplasty (Type I) Methods This was a retrospective comparative study of 70 patients (25 males and 45 females) who underwent type I tympanoplasty between March 2015 and April 2016. The subjects were classified into 2 groups: endoscopic tympanoplasty (ET, n = 35), and microscopic tympanoplasty (MT, n = 35). Tragal cartilage was used as a graft and technique used was cartilage shield tympanoplasty in both groups. Demographic data, perforation size of the tympanic membrane at the preoperative state, operation time, hearing outcome, and graft success rate were evaluated. Results The epidemiological profiles, the preoperative hearing status, and the perforation size were similar in both groups. The mean operation time of the MT group (52.63 ± 8.68 minutes) was longer than that of the ET group (48.20 ± 10.37 minutes), but the difference was not statistically significant. The graft success rates 12 weeks postoperatively were 91.42% both in the ET and MT groups, that is, 32/35; and these values were not statistically significantly different. There was a statistically significant improvement in hearing within the groups, both pre- and postoperatively, but there was no difference between the groups. Conclusion Endoscopic tympanoplasty is a minimally invasive surgery with similar graft success rate, comparable hearing outcomes and shorter operative time period as compared to microscopic use.

Robotic thoracic surgery for non-small cell lung cancer: initial experience in Brazil / Cirurgia torácica robótica no tratamento do câncer de pulmão de células não pequenas: experiência inicial no Brasil

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the morbidity, mortality, and rate of complete resection associated with robotic surgery for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer in Brazil, as well as to report the rates of overall survival and disease-free survival in patients so treated. Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung carcinoma and undergoing resection by robotic surgery at one of six hospitals in Brazil between February of 2015 and July of 2018. Data were collected retrospectively from the electronic medical records. Results: A total of 154 patients were included. The mean age was 65 ± 9.5 years (range, 30-85 years). The main histological diagnosis was adenocarcinoma, which was identified in 128 patients (81.5%), followed by epidermoid carcinoma, identified in 14 (9.0%). Lobectomy was performed in 133 patients (86.3%), and segmentectomy was performed in 21 (13.7%). The mean operative time was 209 ± 80 min. Postoperative complications occurred in 32 patients (20.4%). The main complication was air leak, which occurred in 15 patients (9.5%). The median (interquartile range) values for hospital stay and drainage time were 4 days (3-6 days) and 2 days (2-4 days), respectively. There was one death in the immediate postoperative period (30-day mortality rate, 0.5%). The mean follow-up period was 326 ± 274 days (range, 3-1,110 days). Complete resection was achieved in 97.4% of the cases. Overall mortality was 1.5% (3 deaths), and overall survival was 97.5%. Conclusions: Robotic pulmonary resection proved to be a safe treatment for lung cancer. Longer follow-up periods are required in order to assess long-term survival.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever morbidade, mortalidade e completude da ressecção associadas à cirurgia robótica para o tratamento de câncer de pulmão não pequenas células no Brasil, assim como sobrevida global e sobrevida livre de doença. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo incluindo pacientes com diagnóstico de carcinoma pulmonar de células não pequenas submetidos à ressecção anatômica por cirurgia robótica em seis hospitais brasileiros entre fevereiro de 2015 e julho de 2018. Os dados foram coletados retrospectivamente de prontuários eletrônicos. Resultados: Foram incluídos 154 pacientes. A média de idade foi de 65,0 ± 9,5 anos (variação: 30-85 anos). Adenocarcinoma foi o principal tipo histológico, em 128 pacientes (81,5%), seguido por carcinoma epidermoide, em 14 (9,0%). Lobectomia foi o tipo de cirurgia mais frequente, em 133 pacientes (86,3%), seguida por segmentectomia anatômica, em 21 (13,7%). A média de tempo operatório foi de 209 + 80 min. Complicações pós-operatórias ocorreram em 32 pacientes (20,4%). Fístula aérea foi a principal complicação, em 15 pacientes (9,5%). A mediana (intervalo interquartil) de permanência hospitalar foi de 4 dias (3-6 dias) e a de tempo de drenagem foi de 2 dias (2-4 dias). Houve mortalidade operatória em 1 paciente (0,5%). O tempo médio de seguimento foi de 326 + 274 dias (variação: 3-1.110 dias). A ressecção foi completa em 97,4% dos casos. A mortalidade geral foi de 1,5% (n = 3), com sobrevida global de 97,5%. Conclusões: A ressecção pulmonar anatômica robótica no tratamento do câncer de pulmão demonstrou ser segura. Um maior tempo de seguimento é necessário para avaliar a sobrevida de longo prazo.

Abordaje laparoscópico simultáneo del cáncer de colon con metástasis hepáticas / Simultaneous laparoscopic approach for colon cancer and liver metastases

Antecedentes: la hemicolectomía derecha laparoscópica con abordaje suprapúbico (HDLS) y empleo de tecnología. En los pacientes con cáncer de colon con metástasis hepáticas sincrónicas (CCMHS), la resección completa del tumor primario con las metástasis es la única opción de tratamiento con intención curativa. Se conocen varios informes de series de casos en el mundo; sin embargo, no existe ningún estudio aleatorizado controlado. Objetivo: el objetivo es evaluar la factibilidad y seguridad del abordaje laparoscópico simultáneo de la resección del tumor primario de colon y de la metástasis hepática. Material y métodos: es un estudio retrospectivo; a tal fin se recolectaron todos los pacientes con sospecha de CCMHS abordados por laparoscopia con intención de resección simultánea del tumor primario de colon con las metástasis hepáticas. Se analizaron variables preoperatorias, operatorias, resultados a corto y largo plazo, y anatomopatológicas. Resultados: en el período de estudio se realizaron 89 resecciones hepáticas laparoscópicas (RHL). En 28 pacientes se realizó â€'en forma simultánea con la RHLâ€' otro procedimiento, en 21 de los cuales fue una colectomía laparoscópica. El tiempo quirúrgico promedio total de los dos procedimientos llegó a 407 minutos. El promedio de días de estadía hospitalaria fue de 8 días. No hubo mortalidad en la serie, y la morbilidad global fue del 71%, pero un solo caso con morbilidad mayor. La sobrevida global y la sobrevida libre de recurrencia a los 3 años fue de 55,2% y 16,3%, respectivamente. Conclusión: Esta es la primera publicación acerca del tema en nuestro país. Podemos decir que, en casos bien seleccionados, el abordaje laparoscópico simultáneo es factible de realizar, con aceptable morbimortalidad y sin comprometer los resultados oncológicos.

Background: In patients with colorectal cancer with synchronous liver metastases (CLM), complete resection of the primary tumor with the metastases is the only option for curative treatment. Several case series have been reported but no randomized controlled trials have been published. Objective: The aim was to evaluate if the simultaneous laparoscopic resection of the primary colon tumor and liver metastases is feasible and safe. Material and methods: A retrospective study was conducted with patients with suspected CLM scheduled for simultaneous laparoscopic resection of the primary tumor of the colon and liver metastases. The preoperative and operative variables, short- and long-term outcomes and pathological variables were analyzed. Results: A total of 89 laparoscopic liver resections (LLR) were performed during the study period. In 28 patients, LLR was simultaneous with other procedures, 21 of which corresponded to laparoscopic colon resection. Mean surgical time for both procedures was 407 minutes. Mean hospital length of stay was 8 days. None of the patients died and overall morbidity rate was 71% with only one major complication. Overall survival and relapse-free survival at three years was 55.2% and 16.3%, respectively. Conclusion: This is the first publication analyzing this approach in our country. In well selected cases, the simultaneous laparoscopic approach is feasible, with low morbidity and mortality and acceptable oncological results.

Prospective evaluation of the effect of adherent perinephric fat on outcomes of robotic assisted partial nephrectomy following elimination of the learning curve

ABSTRACT Purpose: To prospectively evaluate the association of adherent perinephric fat (APF) on perioperative outcomes of robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) following elimination of the surgical learning curve. Materials and Methods: 305 consecutive RAPNs performed by a single experienced surgeon were analyzed. The first 100 RAPNs were considered the learning curve and therefore excluded. APF was defined as the necessity of subcapsular renal dissection to mobilize the tumor from surrounding perinephric fat. Perioperative outcomes were evaluated including operative time, warm ischemia time (WIT), postoperative complications, length of stay, margins, ischemia, and complications score (MIC), estimated blood loss (EBL), and change in pre-operative to postoperative day 1 (POD 1) laboratory values. After correction for multiple comparisons, P values ≤0.0045 were considered statistically significant but associations with P values ≤0.05 were also mentioned in the study results. Results: Fifty-eight (28.3%) patients had APF. Patients with APF had longer operative times compared to those without APF (median, 213 vs. 192 minutes, P <0.001). There was some evidence of higher increase in change in creatinine from preoperative to POD 1 among those with APF compared to those without APF, although this was not statistically significant (median, 0.2 vs. 0.1mg/dL, P=0.03). There were no other statistically significant associations between presence of APF and perioperative outcomes. Conclusions: APF is associated with increased operative time but no change in other perioperative outcomes. Surgeon experience does not affect perioperative outcomes associated with APF.

The Harbin Medical University nephrectomy score: a quantitative system for evaluating the complexity of laparoscopic retroperitoneal simple nephrectomy

ABSTRACT Background: Laparoscopic retroperitoneal simple nephrectomy (LRSN) has been widely accepted as a mainstay option for benign non-functioning kidney. The complexity of the procedure, however, differs and remains a subject of controversy. Objective: To develop a standardised Harbin Medical University nephrectomy score (HMUNS) system for evaluating LRSN complexity. Subjects and methods: A total of 6 variables with different factors comprising primary diseases, history of upper urinary tract surgery, body mass index (BMI), surgeon's learning curve, kidney volume, and Mayo Adhesive Probability (MAP) scores were included in the HMUN score. 95 consecutive patients who underwent LRSN at our institution were divided into low (2 to 6 points) and high (7 to 17 points) complexity groups with HMUNS and investigated the differences of operative time (OT), estimated blood loss (EBL), postoperative hospitalisation time (PHT), rate of intraoperative conversion to open surgery, and the Clavien-Dindo classification (CDC) between both groups. Results: Longer mean operative times (193.2±69.3 min vs. 151.9±46.3 min, p <0.05), more median estimated blood loss (100.0mL vs. 50.0mL, p <0.05), and higher rates of conversion to open surgery (1.2% vs. 25%, p <0.05) were observed in the high-complexity group (n=12) than in the low-complexity group (n=83). However, there were no remarkable differences between the two groups related to the baseline characteristics, post-surgical hospitalisation times, and postoperative complications. Conclusions: The HMUNS can effectively reflect LRSN complexity, thus providing a quantitative system for risk estimation and treatment decisions. Because of some limitations, further well-designed studies are necessary to confirm our findings. Patient summary: The HMUNS, including primary diseases, history of upper urinary tract surgery, BMI, surgeon's learning curve, kidney volume, and MAP score, can provide an effective quantitative tool to evaluate the complexity of LRSN.

Serving as a bedside surgeon before performing robotic radical prostatectomy improves surgical outcomes

ABSTRACT Introduction: To evaluate the influence of previous experience as bedside assistants on patient selection, perioperative and pathological results in robot assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. Materials and Methods: The first 50 cases of two robotic surgeons were reviewed retrospectively. Group 1 consisted of the first 50 cases of the surgeon with previous experience as a robotic bedside assistant between September 2016-July 2018, while Group 2 included the first 50 cases of the surgeon with no bedside assistant experience between February 2009-December 2009. Groups were examined in terms of demographics, prostate volume, presence of median lobe, prostate specific antigen (PSA), preoperative Gleason score, positive core number, clinical stage, console surgery time, estimated blood loss, postoperative Gleason score, pathological stage, positive surgical margin rate, postoperative complications, length of hospital stay and biochemical recurrence rate. Results: Previous abdominal surgery and the presence of median lobe hypertrophy rates were higher in Group 1 than in Group 2 (20% vs. 4%, p=0.014; 24% vs. 6%, p=0.012; respectively). In addition, patients in Group 1 were in a higher clinical stage than those in Group 2 (cT2: 70% vs. 28%, p=0.001). Median console surgery time and median length of hospital stay was significantly shorter in Group 1 than in Group 2 (170 min vs. 240 min, p=0.001; 3 vs. 4, p=0.022; respectively). Clavien grade 3 complication rate was higher in Group 2 but was statistically insignificant. Conclusion: Our findings might reflect that previous bedside assistant experience led to an increase in self-confidence and the ability to manage troubleshooting and made it more likely for surgeons to start with more difficult cases with more challenging patients. It is recommended that novice surgeons serve as bedside assistants before moving on to consoles.

Intracorporeal renal hypothermia with ice slush for robot-assisted partial nephrectomy in a highly complex renal mass

ABSTRACT

Iatrogenic foreign body in urinary bladder: Holmium laser vs. Ceramic, and the winner is

ABSTRACT Introduction Urological surgery is estimated to be the third most common cause of iatrogenic-retained foreign bodies 1. Presentation A 76-year old man was undergoing a transurethral resection of bladder tumor with a 26-Ch continuous flow resectoscope (Karl Storz, Germany). Before starting resection, a detachment of resectoscope sheath tip was noted. The ceramic tip was free-floating in the bladder lumen, and it would not fit within the sheath, making direct extraction using the loop impossible. An attempt was made to break it with a stone punch, but it was unsuccessful due to impossibility of closing it in the branches. Therefore, we decided to fragment the tip with holmium laser (RevoLix®, LISA Laser products, Germany), using an 800-micron, front-firing fiber. Laser device was settled at with 2.5 J energy and 5 Hz frequency. Ceramic appeared very hard, but it was difficult to carry on breaking with this setting because of tip retropulsion. Then, laser setting was switched to lower energy and higher frequency (1 J and 13 Hz). This setting guaranteed the same power of 13 W, but with minimal retropulsion. Results Tip was fragmented against the posterior bladder wall in seven pieces, which were retrieved trough the outer sheath. A total 5.62 kJ were used to fragment it. At the end, superficial lesions of the posterior bladder wall were highlighted. Surgical time was 55 minutes. Patient was discharged home next day without problems. Conclusions Holmium laser fragmentation is a safe and effective approach to remove foreign bodies from the bladder.

Challenging risk factors for right and left laparoscopic adrenalectomy: A single centre experience with 272 cases

ABSTRACT Purpose This study aimed to compare perioperative and postoperative results of right and left laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA), and to evaluate the impact of challenging factors on these outcomes. Materials and Methods A total of 272 patient's medical records that underwent single side LA between October 2006 and September 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to operation side. Moreover, pheochromocytoma, metastatic masses and adrenal lesions >5cm in size were considered to be difficult adrenalectomy cases and the outcomes of these cases were compared between two groups. Results 135 patients (49.6%) underwent right LA and 137 patients (50.4%) underwent left LA. Operation time, estimated blood loss (EBL) and hospitalization time were similar between the groups (p=0.415, p=0.242, p=0.741, respectively). Although EBL was higher on the right side than the left (p=0.038) in the first 20 cases, after this learning period has been completed, there was no significant difference between the groups. In patients with pheochromocytoma, metastatic mass and a mass >5cm in size, despite bleeding complications were clinically higher on the right side, this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions During the learning period of LA, EBL is higher on the right side. Due to the greater risk of bleeding complications on the right side even on the hands of experienced surgeons, extra care and preoperative planning are required in patients with pheochromocytoma, metastatic masses and masses >5cm in size.

A comparison of perioperative outcome between robot-assisted and laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: experience of a single institution

ABSTRACT Purpose To compare perioperative and pathological results in different approaches of robotic or laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed 206 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer (PC) from June 2016 to October 2017 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. A total of 132 cases underwent robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RLRP) including 54 patients on transperitoneal robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (Tp-RLRP) and 78 on extraperitoneal robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (Ep-RLRP). Meanwhile, 74 patients performed with extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (Ep-LPR) were also included. Perioperative and pathological data were compared among these groups. Results All operations were completed without conversion. There was no significant difference in basic and pathological characteristics of patients between each two groups. In Tp-RLRP vs. Ep-RLRP: Significant differences were found in the comparison in total operation time [235.98 ± 59.16 vs. 180.45 ± 50.27 min, P = 0.00], estimated blood loss (EBL) [399.07 ± 519.57 vs. 254.49 ± 308.05 mL, P = 0.0473], postoperative pelvic drainage time [5.37 ± 2.33 vs. 4.24 ± 3.08 d, P = 0.0237] and postoperative length of stay [8.15 ± 3.30 vs. 6.49 ± 3.49 d, P = 0.0068] while no significant differences were detected in other variables. In Ep-RLRP vs. Ep-LPR: Longer total operation time was observed in Ep-RLRP when compared to Ep-LPR [180.45 ± 50.27 vs. 143.80 ± 33.13 min, P = 0.000]. No significant differences were observed in other variables. Conclusion In RLRP, Ep-RLRP was proved a safe and effective approach based on the perioperative results compared to Tp-RLRP. Ep-RLRP and Ep-LPR provides equivalent perioperative and pathological outcomes.

Laparoscopic radical cystectomy with intracorporeal ileal conduit: one center experience and clinical outcomes

ABSTRACT Purpose: To introduce our experience with intracorporeal ileal conduit and evaluate the safety and feasibility of this endoscopic urinary diversion. Materials and Methods: Between March 2014 and July 2017, thirty-six consecutive patients underwent laparoscopic radical cystectomy with intracorporeal ileal conduit. Patients' demographic data, perioperative data, 90-days postoperative outcomes and complications were collected. This cohort were divided into two groups of 18 patients each by chronological order of the operations to facilitate comparison of clinical data. Data were evaluated using the students' T test, Mann-Whitney test and Fisher's Exact test. Results: All surgeries were completed successfully with no conversion. Median total operating time and median intracorporeal urinary diversion time were 304 and 105 minutes, respectively. Median estimated blood loss was 200 mL, and median lymph node yield was 21. Twenty-six Clavien grade < 3 complications occurred within 30-days and 9 occurred within 30-90 days. Five Clavien grade 3-5 complications occurred within 30 days. No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups except for intracorporeal urinary diversion time. At median follow-up of 17.5 (range 3-42) months, 6 patients experienced tumor recurrence/metastasis and 4 of these patients died. Conclusions: Intracorporeal ileal conduit following laparoscopic radical cystectomy is safe, feasible and reproducible. With the accumulation of experience, the operation time can be controlled at a satisfactory level.

Emergence delirium following sevoflurane anesthesia in adults: prospective observational study / Delirium do despertar após anestesia com sevoflurano em adultos: estudo observacional prospectivo

Abstract Background and objectives: Emergence delirium after general anesthesia with sevoflurane has not been frequently reported in adults compared to children. This study aimed to determine the incidence of emergence delirium in adult patients who had anesthesia with sevoflurane as the volatile agent and the probable risk factors associated with its occurrence. Design & methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in adult patients who had non-neurological procedures and no existing neurological or psychiatric conditions, under general anesthesia. Demographic data such as age, gender, ethnicity and clinical data including ASA physical status, surgical status, intubation attempts, duration of surgery, intraoperative hypotension, drugs used, postoperative pain, rescue analgesia and presence of catheters were recorded. Emergence delirium intensity was measured using the Nursing Delirium Scale (NuDESC). Results: The incidence of emergence delirium was 11.8%. The factors significantly associated with emergence delirium included elderly age (>65) (p = 0.04), emergency surgery (p = 0.04), African ethnicity (p = 0.01), longer duration of surgery (p = 0.007) and number of intubation attempts (p = 0.001). Factors such as gender, alcohol and illicit drug use, and surgical specialty did not influence the occurrence of emergence delirium. Conclusions: The incidence of emergence delirium in adults after general anesthesia using sevoflurane is significant and has not been adequately reported. Modifiable risk factors need to be addressed to further reduce its incidence.

Resumo Justificativa e objetivos: O delirium do despertar após a anestesia geral com sevoflurano não tem sido relatado com frequência em adultos como nas crianças. Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a incidência de delirium do despertar em pacientes adultos submetidos à anestesia com sevoflurano como agente volátil e os prováveis fatores de risco associados à sua ocorrência. Desenho e métodos: Um estudo observacional prospectivo foi conduzido com pacientes adultos sem distúrbios neurológicos ou psiquiátricos submetidos à anestesia geral para procedimentos não neurológicos. Dados demográficos como idade, sexo, etnia e dados clínicos, inclusive estado físico ASA, estado cirúrgico, tentativas de intubação, tempo de cirurgia, hipotensão intraoperatória, drogas usadas, dor pós-operatória, analgesia de resgate e presença de cateteres, foram registrados. A intensidade do delirium do despertar foi medida com a Escala de Triagem de Delirium em Enfermagem (Nursing Delirium Scale - NuDESC). Resultados: A incidência de delirium do despertar foi de 11,8%. Os fatores significativamente associados ao delirium do despertar incluíram idade avançada (> 65) (p = 0,04), cirurgia de emergência (p = 0,04), descendência africana (p = 0,01), tempo maior de cirurgia (p = 0,007) e número de tentativas de intubação (p = 0,001). Fatores como sexo, uso de álcool e drogas ilícitas e especialidade cirúrgica não influenciaram a ocorrência de delirium do despertar. Conclusões: A incidência de delirium do despertar em adultos após a anestesia geral com sevoflurano é significativa e não tem sido relatada adequadamente. Fatores de risco modificáveis precisam ser abordados para reduzir ainda mais sua incidência.

Efficacy and safety of "coronary artery bypass graft angiography" with right transradial access versus left transradial access and femoral access: a retrospective comparative study

Abstract Objective: Over the past 10 years, the rate of patients who have undergone coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery has increased twofold in cases of coronary angiography. Today, transradial access is the first choice for coronary angiography. We aimed to compare the efficacy and reliability of radial versus femoral access for coronary angiography in post-CABG surgery in this study. Methods: Data from 442 patients who underwent post-CABG surgery between 2012-2017 were retrospectively compared. The right radial route was used in 120 cases, the left radial route in 148, and femoral route in 174. These three pathways were compared in terms of procedure time and fluoroscopy time, efficacy, and complication development. Comparisons among the three groups were performed with Bonferroni test for continuous variables and chi-square or Fisher's exact test for nominal variables as a binary. Results: Comparison results indicate that femoral access was better than left radial access and the left radial access was better than right radial access in terms of fluoroscopy time (10.71±1.65, 10.94±1.25, 16.12±5.28 min, P<0.001) and total procedure time (17.28±1.68, 17.68±2.34, 23.04±5.84 min, P<0.001). The left radial pathway was the most effective way of viewing left internal mammary artery (LIMA). No statistically significant differences were found among the three groups in other graft visualizations, all minor complications, total procedure and fluoroscopy time "Except LIMA imaging". Mortality due to processing was not observed in all three groups. Conclusion: The left radial route is preferred over right radial access for post-CABG angiography because the left radial pathway is close to the LIMA and is similar to the femoral pathway. In LIMA graft imaging, right radial access is a reliable route, even though it is not as effective as other pathways. We hope that the right radial pathway will improve with physician experience and innovations.

Brazilian and argentinean multicentric study in the surgical minimally invasive treatment of pilonidal cyst / Estudo multicêntrico brasileiro e argentino no tratamento cirúrgico do cisto pilonidal por técnica minimamente invasiva

ABSTRACT Background: The pilonidal cyst is an infection of the skin and the subcutaneous tissue, secondary to a chronic inflammation with a greater frequency in the sacrococcygeal region, and associated to the presence of hair. The treatment is eminently surgical. Aim: To demonstrate the endoscopic treatment of pilonidal cyst. Method: Prospective study with 67 patients who had as surgical indication the diagnosis of pilonidal cyst. They were submitted to a surgical procedure from June 2014 to March 2018. The equipment used was the Meinero fistuloscope, a shutter, a monopolar electrode, a brush and endoscopic forceps. Results: Of the 67 patients, 67% (n=45) were male and 33% (n=22) female, with a mean age of 25 years (17-45). Surgical time in average was 40 min (20-120) and mean healing time of four weeks (3-12). Surgical complications were presented in 7% cases (n=5) and recurrences in 9% (n=6). Conclusion: The endoscopic treatment of the pilonidal cyst is feasible and presents good surgical results.

RESUMO Racional: O cisto pilonidal é infecção da pele e do tecido subcutâneo, secundário à inflamação crônica, com maior frequência na região sacrococcígea, e associado à presença de pelos nesta região. O tratamento é eminentemente cirúrgico. Objetivo: Demonstrar os resultados do tratamento endoscópico de cisto pilonidal. Método: Estudo prospectivo, com 67 pacientes que tiveram como indicação cirúrgica o diagnóstico de cisto pilonidal. Os equipamentos utilizados foram o fistuloscópio Meinero, um obturador, um eletrodo monopolar, uma escova e pinça endoscópica. Resultados: Dos 67 pacientes 67% (n=45) eram homens e 33% (n=22) mulheres, com média de idade de 25 anos (17-45). O tempo cirúrgico teve com média 40 min (20-120) e o tempo médio de cicatrização de quatro semanas (3-12). Complicações cirúrgicas ocorreram em 7% da amostra (n=5) e recidivas da doença em 9% (n=6). Conclusão: O tratamento endoscópico do cisto pilonidal é viável e apresenta bons resultados cirúrgicos.

Pancreaticoduodenectomy: impact of the technique on operative outcomes and surgical mortality / Duodenopancreatectomia: impacto da técnica nos resultados operatórios e mortalidade cirúrgica

ABSTRACT Background: Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is a procedure associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Initially described as gastropancreaticoduodenectomy (GPD), the possibility of preservation of the gastric antrum and pylorus was described in the 1970s. Aim: To evaluate the mortality and operative variables of PD with or without pyloric preservation and to correlate them with the adopted technique and surgical indication. Method: Retrospective cohort on data analysis of medical records of individuals who underwent PD from 2012 through 2017. Demographic, anthropometric and operative variables were analyzed and correlated with the adopted technique (GPD vs. PD) and the surgical indication. Results: Of the 87 individuals evaluated, 38 (43.7%) underwent GPD and 49 (53.3%) were submitted to PD. The frequency of GPD (62.5%) was significantly higher among patients with pancreatic neoplasia (p=0.04). The hospital stay was significantly shorter among the individuals submitted to resection due to neoplasias of less aggressive behavior (p=0.04). Surgical mortality was 10.3%, with no difference between GPD and PD. Mortality was significantly higher among individuals undergoing resection for chronic pancreatitis (p=0.001). Conclusion: There were no differences in mortality, surgical time, bleeding or hospitalization time between GPD and PD. Pancreas head neoplasm was associated with a higher indication of GPD. Resection of less aggressive neoplasms was associated with lower morbidity and mortality.

RESUMO Racional : A duodenopancreatectomia (DP) é procedimento associado com significativa morbimortalidade. Inicialmente descrita como gastroduodenopancreatectomia (GDP), a possibilidade de preservação do antro gástrico e piloro foi descrita na década de 1970. Objetivo : Avaliar a mortalidade e variáveis operatórias da DP com ou sem preservação pilórica e correlacioná-las com a técnica adotada e indicação cirúrgica. Método: Estudo de coorte histórica, baseado em análise de dados de registros médicos de indivíduos submetidos à DP entre os anos de 2012 a 2017. Foram analisadas variáveis demográficas, antropométricas e operatórias e correlacionadas com a técnica adotada (GDP vs. DP) e a indicação cirúrgica. Resultados : Dos 87 indivíduos avaliados, 38 (43,7%) foram submetidos à GDP e 49 (53,3%) à DP. A frequência de realização da GDP (62,5%) foi significativamente maior entre os pacientes com neoplasia de pâncreas (p=0,04). O tempo de internação total foi significativamente menor entre os indivíduos submetidos à ressecção por neoplasias de comportamento menos agressivo (p=0,04). A mortalidade cirúrgica foi de 10,3%, não havendo diferença entre GDP e DP. A mortalidade foi significativamente maior entre os indivíduos submetidos à ressecção por pancreatite crônica (p=0,001). Conclusão : Não houve diferenças na morbimortalidade, tempo cirúrgico, sangramento ou tempo de internação entre GDP e DP. A neoplasia de cabeça de pâncreas associou-se mais com indicação de GDP. A ressecção de neoplasias menos agressivas associou-se a menor morbimortalidade.

Learning robotic pyeloplasty without simulators: an assessment of the learning curve in the early robotic era

OBJECTIVE: To analyze our experience and learning curve for robotic pyeloplasty during this robotic procedure. METHODS: Ninety-nine patients underwent 100 consecutive procedures. Cases were divided into 4 groups of 25 consecutive procedures to analyze the learning curve. RESULTS: The median anastomosis times were 50.0, 36.8, 34.2 and 29.0 minutes (p=0.137) in the sequential groups, respectively. The median operative times were 144.6, 119.2, 114.5 and 94.6 minutes, with a significant difference between groups 1 and 2 (p=0.015), 1 and 3 (p=0.002), 1 and 4 (p<0.001) and 2 and 4 (p=0.022). The mean hospital stay was 7.08, 4.76, 4.88 and 4.20 days, with a difference between groups 1 and 2 (p<0.001), 1 and 3 (p<0.001) and 1 and 4 (p<0.001). Clinical and radiological improvements were observed in 98.9% of patients. One patient presented with recurrent obstruction. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate a high success rate with low complication rates. A significant decrease in hospital stay and surgical time was evident after 25 cases.