Correção endovascular de pseudoaneurisma de tronco tibiofibular secundário a endocardite ­ relato de caso / Endocarditis-related tibioperoneal trunk pseudoaneurysm managed with endovascular treatment ­ case report

Os aneurismas do tronco tibiofibular são raros e consistem principalmente em pseudoaneurismas. Os autores descrevem um caso incomum de pseudoaneurisma do tronco tibiofibular secundário a endocardite bacteriana diagnosticada e tratada vários anos antes. Após a exclusão de um processo infeccioso ativo, o paciente foi tratado com sucesso através do implante percutâneo de um stent recoberto. O tratamento endovascular, neste contexto, apresentou uma alternativa segura e eficaz

ibioperoneal trunk aneurysms are rare and the majority of them are pseudoaneurysms This report describes an unusual case of a pseudoaneurysm secondary to bacterial endocarditis diagnosed and treated several years previously. After ruling out ongoing infection, the patient was successfully treated by percutaneous covered stent implantation. In this scenario, the use of endovascular techniques offered a safe and effective alternative treatment

Endocarditis infecciosa: ¿afectan su pronóstico las complicaciones neurológicas? / Neurologic complications of infective endocarditis: do they have an impact on prognosis?

De acuerdo a la literatura, en un 20 a 40% de las endocarditis infecciosas se producen complicaciones neurológicas. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar la frecuencia de compromiso neurológico en pacientes con endocarditis infecciosa de válvulas izquierdas, considerando la presentación clínica, tipo de lesión en las imágenes y su influencia en la evolución. Se incluyeron en forma prospectiva 98 pacientes con endocarditis infecciosa de válvulas izquierdas. El 47% (46 casos) presentó compromiso neurológico. En 28 casos (61%) el síntoma fue el déficit focal, en 9 (20%) la alteración de estado de conciencia; el 17% (8) fue asintomático y 2% (1 caso) presentó convulsiones. En las imágenes, la isquemia cerebral (76%) fue la lesión más frecuente. El tamaño de la vegetación mayor a 1 cm se asoció a compromiso neurológico (57% vs. 31%, p = 0.01). Aquellos pacientes con compromiso neurológico tuvieron mayor frecuencia de reemplazo valvular (70% vs. 44%, p = 0.01) y la mortalidad hospitalaria también fue mayor (20% vs. 15%, p = 0.5). El tiempo total de internación fue significativamente más prolongado en sujetos con compromiso neurológico (32 ± 27 vs. 21 ± 15 días, p = 0.01) y la discapacidad fue mayor en los que tenían manifestaciones neurológicas (74% vs. 36% p = 0.0001). En nuestra serie, el síntoma más frecuente fue el déficit focal, y en las imágenes la isquemia cerebral fue el patrón más común. Los casos con lesión neurológica presentaron mayor tiempo de internación y grado de discapacidad al alta, pero no mayor mortalidad hospitalaria.

Neurologic complications of infective endocarditis have been observed in 20-40% of cases. Our aim was to determine the frequency of neurologic involvement, clinical manifestations, lesional patterns and evolution in patients with infective endocarditis. This was a prospective cohort study. We included 98 patients with left-sided infective endocarditis. Forty seven percent presented neurologic involvement at some time of the disease. The frequency of symptoms was: focal deficit 61%, sensory disturbance 17% and seizures 2%, while 20% remain asymptomatic. The most prevailing lesion was cerebral ischemia (76%). Vegetations larger than 1 cm were associated to neurologic involvement (57% vs. 31%, p = 0.01). Valvular replacement was more common among patients with neurologic involvement (70% vs. 44%, p = 0.01). Hospital mortality was 20% in patients with neurologic manifestation versus 15% of those without it (p = 0.5). The length of stay was significantly prolonged in patients with neurologic affection (32 ± 27 vs. 21 ± 15 days, p = 0.01) and a favorable Rankin assessment at the discharge was less likely in patients with neurologic involvement (36% vs. 74%, p = 0.0001). In this cohort, the most frequent clinical manifestation was focal deficit and the most prevalent pattern of lesion was cerebral ischemia. Those with neurologic involvement presented an increased length of stay and more disability at the discharge but not statistical significant difference in hospital mortality.

Espondilodiscite e endocardite bacteriana: relato de caso / Spondylodiscytis and bacterial endocarditis: case report

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A espondilodiscite é uma entidade clínica de difícil diagnóstico devido à clínica inespecífica e sinais radiológicos tardios. O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar um caso de espondilodiscite secundária à endocardite bacteriana por Staphylococcus aureus, adquirido na comunidade. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente do sexo feminino, 79 anos, branca, casada, procedente de Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, em tratamento regular de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e hipertensão arterial sistêmica. Iniciou com piora de dor lombar crônica e dificuldade para deambular. Os exames de imagem demonstravam lesão lítica de vértebras lombares que após investigação foi definida como espondilodiscite decorrente de endocardite bacteriana. CONCLUSÃO: A endocardite infecciosa, em consequência da gravidade, deverá fazer parte do diagnóstico diferencial de doenças causadas por provável disseminação hematogênica, especialmente, em pacientes que apresentam condições que aumentam o risco de endocardite, como prolapso de valva mitral, doença valvar degenerativa e uso de fármacos por via venosa.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Spondylodiscitis is a clinical entity difficult to diagnose because of nonspecific clinical and radiologics signs late. The aim was to report a case of spondylodiscitis secondary to bacterial endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus aureus, community-acquired. CASE REPORT: Female patient, 79 years old, white, married, resident of Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, regular treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Began with worsening of chronicback pain and difficulty in walking. Imaging tests showed osteolytic lesion of the lumbar vertebrae that after investigation it was defined to be due to complication of bacterial endocarditis. CONCLUSION: Infective endocarditis should be part of the differential diagnosis of disease caused by probable hematogenous dissemination, especially in patients who have conditions increase the risk of endocarditis, such as mitral valve prolapsed,valve heart disease degenerative and intravenous drug use.

Endocarditis infecciosa en pacientes con daño hepático crónico: Serie de 4 casos clínicos / Infective endocarditis in patients with chronic hepatic failure: A four cases series

Infective endocarditis and liver cirrhosis is an infrequent association. A retrospective study was performed in order to characterize predisposing factors, microbial causes and evolution. Medical records between 1995 and 2008 (June) were searched. Four cases were identified. In three cases liver cirrhosis was in stage Child A, and in all 4 there was a predisposing cardiac disease. Clinical manifestations were classical in 3 cases and in one presented as hepatic failure. Only in one case a typical agent was recovered. Other cases were associated to a nosocomial agent or Corynebacterium diphtheriae, and in one no agent was identified. One patient required valve replacement. Three patients recovered satisfactorily, all of them in Child A stage. One died of non-infectious causes (Child C). Infective endocarditis and liver cirrhosis is an infrequent association in clinical practice, it can be associated to unusual agents or clinical manifestations.

La asociación entre daño hepático y endocarditis infecciosa es infrecuente. Para analizar los factores predisponentes de esta asociación, la etiología microbiana y evolución clínica, se efectuó un análisis retrospectivo de los egresos por endocarditis infecciosa en pacientes con cirrosis hepática desde 1995 a junio de 2008. Se identificaron cuatro casos, asociados a categoría Child A en tres y en todos había una cardiopatía predisponente. Las manifestaciones clínicas fueron clásicas excepto en un caso que se presentó como descompensación hepática. Sólo un caso se asoció a un agente típico, otros a un agente nosocomial y Corynebacterium diphtheriae. En un caso no se identificó la etiología. Uno de los pacientes requirió cirugía de reemplazo valvular. Tres pacientes se recuperaron (Child A) y el paciente en categoría Child C falleció. Aunque infrecuente, la asociación cirrosis y endocarditis ocurre en la práctica clínica, se puede asociar a agentes inhabituales y tener manifestaciones encubiertas.

Aneurisma micótico abdominal e embolia cerebral associados à endocardite infecciosa em paciente com doença valvar reumática crônica / Abdominal mycotic aneurysm and cerebral embolic event associated with infective endocarditis in a patient with chronic rheumatic valvar disease

Relatamos o caso de uma menina com doença valvar crônica devido à febre reumática que apresentou endocardite infecciosa e duas complicações: acidente vascular cerebral devido à embolia e aneurisma micótico da artéria mesentérica superior.

We report the case of a girl with chronic rheumatic valvar heart disease who developed infeccious endocarditis and two complications, ischemic stroke due to cerebral embolic event and mycotic aneurysm of the superior mesenteric artery.

Endocardite infecciosa e alteraçöes renais / Infectious endocarditis and renal alterations

Säo discutidos os principais fenômenos imunológicos observados na endocardite infecciosa, com ênfase dada às lesöes renais, que têm sido as mais estudads, entre as de natureza imunológica nesta patologia