Prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in adolescents and association with computer and videogame use / Prevalência de dor musculoesquelética em adolescentes e associação com uso de computador e jogos eletrônicos

Abstract Objective: This study investigated the presence of musculoskeletal symptoms in high school adolescents from public schools and its association with electronic device use. Methods: The sample consisted of 961 boys and girls aged 14–19 years who answered a questionnaire regarding the use of computers and electronic games, and questions about pain symptoms and physical activity. Furthermore, anthropometric assessments of all volunteers were performed. The chi-squared test and a multiple logistic regression model were used for the inferential analysis. Results: The presence of musculoskeletal pain symptoms was reported by 65.1% of the adolescents, being more prevalent in the thoracolumbar spine (46.9%), followed by pain in the upper limbs, representing 20% of complaints. The mean time of use for computers and electronic games was 1.720 and 583 minutes per week, respectively. The excessive use of electronic devices was demonstrated to be a risk factor for cervical and lumbar pain. Female gender was associated with the presence of pain in different body parts. Presence of a paid job was associated with cervical pain. Conclusion: A high prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in adolescents, as well as an increased amount of time using digital devices was observed. However, it was only possible to observe an association between the increased use of these devices and the presence of cervical and low back pain.

Resumo Objetivo: Investigar a presença de sintomas musculoesqueléticos em adolescentes estudantes do ensino médio em escolas públicas e sua associação com o uso de dispositivos eletrônicos. Método: A amostra foi composta por 961 meninos e meninas entre 14 e 19 anos que responderam questionário sobre o uso de computadores, jogos eletrônicos e questões relacionadas a sintomas dolorosos e atividade física. Além disso, todos os voluntários foram submetidos à avaliação antropométrica. Para análise inferencial foram usados os testes de qui-quadrado e modelo múltiplo de regressão logística. Resultados: A presença de sintomas de dor musculoesquelética foi reportada por 65,1% dos adolescentes, mais prevalente na coluna toracolombar (46,9%), seguida por dor nos membros superiores (20%). O tempo médio de uso de computador e jogos eletrônicos foi de 1.720 e 583 minutos por semana, respectivamente. O uso excessivo dos dispositivos eletrônicos mostrou-se como fator de risco para dor cervical e lombar. O sexo feminino apresentou associação com a presença de dor em diferentes partes do corpo. A atividade profissional esteve associada com a dor cervical. Conclusão: Observou-se alta prevalência de dor musculoesquelética nos adolescentes e elevado tempo de uso dos dispositivos eletrônicos. Entretanto, foi possível observar somente a associação do uso excessivo desses dispositivos e a presença de dor cervical e lombar.

Tipologías residenciales en comunidades chilenas en condiciones de precariedad habitacional / Residential typologies in Chilean irregular settlements with precarious housing conditions

OBJETIVO: Identificar dimensiones residenciales que caractericen el ambiente físico y social en los campamentos de Chile y construir tipologías que permitan elaborar perfiles con esos atributos residenciales distintivos. MÉTODOS: Se estudió el universo de campamentos (n = 122) de la Región Metropolitana (Chile) a partir del Catastro Nacional de Campamentos realizado por la fundación "Un Techo para Chile" en 2007. Se recolectó información proveniente de informantes clave sobre las comunidades y los lugares de emplazamiento, variables que fueron modeladas empleando un análisis factorial para identificar dimensiones residenciales, las que a su vez fueron refinadas con la técnica de agrupamientos de k-medias. RESULTADOS: El análisis factorial destacó tres dimensiones subyacentes: respuesta social local, ambiente extracomunitario y servicios básicos. Las variables centrales en la formación de esas categorías fueron la existencia de proyectos habitacionales, el área urbana y el acceso a electricidad, respectivamente. El análisis de agrupamientos generó cuatro perfiles que combinaron las tres dimensiones: perfil urbano con baja precariedad de servicios básicos (n = 30), perfil urbano-rural con alto potencial de respuesta social local (n = 32), perfil urbano con alta amenaza ambiental (n = 43) y perfil rural con bajo potencial de respuesta social local (n = 17). CONCLUSIONES: Las dimensiones residenciales formadas son consistentes con el modelo teórico revisado y sugieren indicadores relevantes para el seguimiento de estas comunidades. La identificación de perfiles permite dimensionar la heterogeneidad de realidades residenciales contribuyendo a la priorización de dominios de déficit o riesgos que pueden estar presentes en cada grupo, para con ello profundizar en su investigación y oportunidades de acción.

OBJECTIVE: To identify residential parameters that characterize the physical and social environment in Chile's irregular settlements, and to construct typologies that will allow to develop profiles with those distinctive residential attributes. METHODS: The study examined the universe of irregular settlements (n = 122) in Chile's Metropolitan Region, based on the 2007 national inventory of irregular settlements conducted by the "Un Techo para Chile" foundation. Information about the communities and their locations was obtained from key informants, and these variables were modeled using factor analysis to identify residential parameters, which were then refined by k-means clustering. RESULTS: The factor analysis pointed to three underlying parameters: local social response, the environment beyond the community, and basic services. The key variables shaping these categories were the existence of housing projects, the urban area involved, and access to electricity. The cluster analysis generated four profiles that combined the three parameters: an urban profile with relatively reliable basic services (n = 30), an urban-rural profile with high potential for local social response (n = 32), an urban profile with a high level of environmental threat (n = 43), and a rural profile with low potential for local social response (n = 17). CONCLUSIONS: The residential parameters formed are consistent with the revised theoretical model and suggest relevant indicators for monitoring these communities. Definition of the profiles facilitates assessment of the heterogeneity of residential situations, which helps in the prioritization of areas with deficits or risks that may be present in each cluster. This, in turn, opens the door to further investigation and to exploring opportunities for action.