Ситуационный анализ формирования политики с учетом фактических данных: Словения

Присоединившись к Сети по вопросам использования научных данных при формировании политики Европейского регионального бюро ВОЗ (EVIPNet-Европа), Словения стала одним из первых государств-членов Европейского региона ВОЗ, продемонстрировавших приверженность принципам формирования политики в области здравоохранения с учетом фактических данных. Начало этой инициативе было положено в 2014 г. на семинаре с участием высоких заинтересованных сторон. Оказываемая помощь и деятельность по укреплению потенциала были положительно восприняты Министерством здравоохранения, которое в то время столкнулось с экономическими трудностями, что привело к сокращению расходов, и, кроме того, в 2015 году были запущены процессы новой реформы здравоохранения. Когда Словения стала членом EVIPNet-Европа, одним из первых мероприятий стало проведение ситуационного анализа, который представляет собой углубленное изучение политического и исследовательского контекста страны, а также взаимодействия между двумя этими областями. Цель ситуационного анализа заключалась в отображении и оценке условий, в которых формируется ПУФД, и анализе возможностей для создания ПППЗ. Анализ был основан на данных источниках информации и структурирован по четырем областям: 1. общий контекст страны; 2. система здравоохранения; 3. национальная система медицинских исследований; 4. процессы формирования ПУФД.

Situation analysis on evidence-informed policy-making: Slovenia

Slovenia was one of the first Member States of the WHO European Region to demonstrate commitment to the principles of strengthening evidence-informed health policy-making (EIP) by joining the WHO Regional Office for Europe’s Evidence-informed Policy Network (EVIPNet Europe). In 2014, the initiative was launched at a high-level stakeholder workshop and its assistance and capacity-building activities were warmly welcomed by the Ministry of Health, which at the time faced economic constraints leading to reduced spending, as well as embarking in 2015 on new health reform processes. One of the first activities undertaken when Slovenia became a member of EVIPNet Europe was to engage in a situation analysis, which is an advanced study of the country’s policy context, the research context and the interaction between both of these realms. The aim of this situation analysis was to map and assess the context in which EIP takes shape, and to reflect on opportunities to establish a knowledge translation platform (KTP). The analysis was built on these information sources and structured into four areas: 1. general country context; 2. the health system; 3. national health research system; and 4. EIP processes.

Sustainable development in Wales and other regions in Europe: achieving health and equity for present and future generations

The United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (2015), complemented by the WHO European policy framework and strategy for the 21st century, Health 2020, represents a milestone for human and planetary development. This publication proposes ways of maximizing opportunities to implement these agendas at the national and regional levels across the WHO European Region. Through the Welsh example and case studies from the Czech Healthy Cities National Network and the regions of North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany), Kaunas (Lithuania), Pomurje (Slovenia), and Västra Götaland (Sweden), it aims to enhance understanding of the key role of regions in translating global priorities into effective policies and actions, providing practical examples, which can serve as blueprints for others. The publication maps the sustainable-development journey in the United Kingdom (Wales) from the heart of its constitution to inclusion in Welsh legislation through the Well-being of Future Generations (Wales) Act 2015. It describes the structure of the Act and experience gained in connection with its implementation, focusing on the health sector. It also identifies enablers, challenges and opportunities related to sustainable development in Wales. The activities described in the case studies are framed according to the Roadmap to implement the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, building on Health 2020, the European policy for health and well-being, recently adopted by the WHO Regional Committee for Europe. The key messages drawn from the common experiences of the regions reinforce the need to invest in improving the determinants of health.

Slovenia: profile of health and well being

Country profiles on health and well-being give an overview of a country’s health status, providing data on mortality, morbidity and exposure to key risk factors together with trends over time. They are developed in collaboration with WHO European Member States. When possible, each report also compares a country to a reference group, which in this report is the whole WHO European Region and the European Union member countries prior to 1 May 2004. To make the comparisons as valid as possible, data are as a rule taken from one source to ensure that they have been harmonized in a reasonably consistent way. The data in the report are drawn from the European Health for All database of the WHO Regional Office for Europe. These data are collected from Member States on an annual basis and include metadata that specify the original source of data for specific indicators.

Словения: характеристика здоровья и благополучия населения

В настоящей публикации, второй из новой серии "Характеристики здоровья и благополучия населения", представлен анализ состояния здоровья населения Словении и наблюдаемых в этой сфере тенденций. Несмотря на стремительное улучшение показателей ожидаемой продолжительности жизни и снижение показателей смертности в стране начиная с 2000 г., самые последние значения этих показателей все еще ниже среднего уровня для стран, которые по состоянию на 1 мая 2004 г. входили в состав Европейского союза (ЕС-15). Снижение показателей детской и материнской смертности является основным фактором, приводящим к росту ожидаемой продолжительности жизни, в связи со снижением показателей смертности от заболеваний системы кровообращения, инфекционных болезней, а также заболеваний респираторной и мочеполовой систем. В последние годы также стремительно снижается число случаев смерти вследствие дорожно-транспортных происшествий. В то же время уровень смертности от рака и заболеваний пищеварительной системы, в особенности от хронических заболеваний печени и цирроза, в Словении выше среднего значения для Европейского региона ВОЗ. Тенденции к улучшению наблюдались по 12 из 19 основных индикаторов для целевых ориентиров европейской политики здравоохранения Здоровье-2020, а тенденции к ухудшению отмечались по четырем показателям: потребление алкоголя на душу населения, распространенность избыточной массы тела, уровень безработицы и расходы домохозяйств на прямую оплату услуг здравоохранения. В публикациях из серии "Характеристики здоровья и благополучия в странах" приводится обзор информации о состоянии здоровья населения, включая данные об уровнях смертности, заболеваемости и воздействии на граждан основных факторов риска, а также о динамике этих показателей. Европейское региональное бюро ВОЗ составляет данные характеристики во взаимодействии с европейскими государствами-членами. По возможности в каждом отчете проводится сравнительный анализ данных конкретной страны с данными контрольных групп: в настоящем отчете такими группами стали весь Европейский регион ВОЗ и ЕС-15. Для обеспечения максимальной достоверности сравнений данные, как правило, берутся из одного и того же источника; это должно послужить гарантией того, что эти данные были в разумных пределах унифицированы. Авторы доклада использовали информацию из Европейской базы данных Регионального бюро "Здоровье для всех" (ЗДВ). Информация, ежегодно представляемая государствами-членами в эту базу данных, включает и метаданные, указывающие исходный источник информации для конкретных показателей. Выводы, сделанные в ходе составления характеристик здоровья населения, в кратком виде представлены в публикациях "Обзорные сводки о состоянии здоровья и благополучия населения".

Positioning health equity and the social determinants of health on the regional development agenda: investment for health and development in Slovenia

The WHO Regional Office for Europe carries out national case studies to support the advancement of policy-relevant knowledge on tackling the social determinants of health and health inequity in the WHO European Region. This report results from such a case study conducted in Slovenia from the late 1990s through the first decade of this century. It presents the models used as a framework for the analysis of the Slovene experience, describes the recent political, regional and historical background that shaped it, and traces how a policy on health equity was developed and implemented, including both challenges and achievements. It sums up how the country, by linking the policy domains of health equity and regional development, paved the way for intersectoral collaboration on these issues at the national and local levels. With its summary of the key learning points for each phase of the period under study, the report can be used as a reference source for policy-makers and programme planners in other countries and in other policy domains.

Capacity Building in Environment and Health (CBEH) project: strengthening health in environmental assessments in Slovenia: gap analysis and way forward

In the frame of the Capacity Building in Environment and Health (CBEH) project, co-funded by the European Commission, a workshop was held in Slovenia in order to analyse the specific capacity needs in the country in relation to the implementation of health impact assessment (HIA) and further integration of health in environmental assessments (EAs). During the workshop in Ljubljana in June 2012, ways to enhance capacity in health in EAs across Slovenia were examined. The aim was for experts in health and environment to review their experience in impact assessments. Discussion focused on the following types of impact assessment: HIA; environmental impact assessment (EIA); and strategic environmental assessment (SEA). One of the key findings was that, even though capacity-building activities in HIA and different HIA pilot projects have already taken place in Slovenia, there still seem to be unmet needs in various government departments. Furthermore, there is a need to define clear roles and responsibilities between environment and health in regard to HIA and further integration of health into EAs.

Primary care quality management in Slovenia

This report summarizes the main results of the WHO Primary Care Quality Management Tool (PCQM Tool), which was implemented on a pilot basis in Slovenia in 2007. The PCQM Tool focuses on structures and mechanisms intended to control or manage the quality of staff and services in primary care. It examines the existing institutionalized mechanisms and practices in order to find out how Slovenia is making use of the available know-how and resources to improve the quality of (primary care) services. The Tool is not about quality of care itself, and therefore quality indicators do not play a prominent role.

National tuberculosis programme managers’ meeting: Sinaia, Romania, 27–28 September 2004

The WHO European Region confronts critically important challenges. Across the Region the challenges are multiple and varied. To the east, rates of HIV (and HIV-associated tuberculosis) and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) are climbing, health systems remain frail, surveillance and laboratory services are underresourced, and in places political commitment is inadequate. To the west, TB in marginalized populations, such as migrant populations and the elderly, represents a challenge. In addition, political commitment to Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course (DOTS) remains low in some countries. As a Region, Europe is struggling to increase its TB treatment success rates above 75%, despite the DOTS strategy being adopted by a large number of countries over the past decade, and it is therefore some way from achieving the World Health Assembly (WHA) target of 85% success. Although case detection rates across the Region remain inadequate and only 40% of the population currently have access to the DOTS strategy, substantial regional variations exist. If the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) and the WHA targets that pertain to TB are to be achieved, the breadth and depth of DOTS coverage across the Region and within countries needs to be expanded. The principal public health challenge that lies ahead is to operationalize effective strategies and integrate MDR-TB and HIV control programmes into a DOTS framework that meets European needs.

10 health questions about the 10

Ten countries joined the previously 15-member European Union (EU15) on 1 May 2004, creating EU25. The health status of the population varies among the new members, and sometimes between them and EU15. Similarly, their health systems show different patterns of development. How does each of the new EU members compare in terms of health to the old members? This book offers a quick and easy way to grasp the essential features of health and health systems in the 10 newcomers. Each chapter provides a concise overview of key health indicators in 1 of the 10, compares these indicators to EU15 averages, summarizes the key aspects of the country’s health system and describes what it has achieved after a decade of health reform. This book is not a comprehensive in-depth study, but an easy guide to the knowledge available. It offers valuable reading for anyone who wants to have a quick, straightforward and accurate entry point to understanding health in the 10 new EU member states.