Diagnostic value of circulating lncRNA ANRIL and its correlation with coronary artery disease parameters

This study aimed to detect the expression of the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) antisense non-coding RNA in the INK4 locus (ANRIL) and evaluate its correlation with disease risk, stenosis degree, inflammation, as well as overall survival (OS) in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. A total of 230 patients who underwent diagnostic coronary angiography were consecutively recruited and assigned to CAD group (n=125) or control group (n=105) according to presence or absence of CAD. Gensini score was calculated to assess the severity of coronary artery damage. Plasma samples were collected and the expression ANRIL was detected in all participants. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-17 in CAD patients were measured and OS was calculated. The relative expression of ANRIL was higher in CAD patients compared to controls (P<0.001). Receiver operating characteristic disclosed that ANRIL could distinguish CAD patients from controls with an area under the curve of 0.789 (95%CI: 0.731-0.847). Spearman's rank correlation test revealed that expression of ANRIL was positively correlated with Gensini score (P=0.001), levels of hs-CRP (P=0.001), ESR (P=0.038), TNF-α (P=0.004), and IL-6 (P<0.001), while negatively correlated with IL-10 level (P=0.008) in CAD patients. Kaplan-Meier curve revealed that high expression of ANRIL was associated with shorter OS (P=0.013). In conclusion, circulating ANRIL presented a good diagnostic value for CAD, and its high expression was associated with increased stenosis degree, raised inflammation, and poor OS in CAD patients.

The Influence of Comorbid Conditions on Graft Stenosis in Patients with Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Operation / A influência das condições comórbidas na estenose do enxerto em pacientes com coronariopatia Operação de enxerto de artéria

The primary goal of coronary artery bypass grafting is to achieve complete revascularization with grafts that will remain patent throughout the patient's lifetime. This study investigated the association between bypass graft patency and comorbidity burden determined by Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) among patients with previous bypass operation who underwent a control angiography. One-hundred and two patients who had undergone CABG in the past were included to the study. Critical stenosis was defined as 50% or greater coronary luminal obstruction of any coronary vessel or its lateral branch. Patients were divided into 2 groups group 1; critical graft stenosis; (54 pts; 41M, mean age 66.5 ± 7.8 years), group 2; graft patent (48 pts; 31M, mean age; 65.9 ± 8.2 years). Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) and modified CCI scores were used for detecting comorbidities. The comparison of continuous variables between the control and critical CAD groups was performed by the independent sample test. A p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The two groups were statistically similar with respect to demographic properties, time since bypass operation, cardiovascular risk factors, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, medications used, complete blood counts parameters, and lipid profiles. CCI was significantly higher in Group 1 compared to Group 2 (7.14 ± 2.02 vs4.72 ± 1.58; p < 0.001). Modified CCI scores were also higher in Group 1 than in Group 2 (6.14 ± 2.02 vs 3.73 ± 1.60; p < 0.001). Graft occlusion was more common among patients with a high comorbidity burden. CCI scoring system may be helpful for determining patients at increased risk at both the preoperative and postoperative periods

Which Coronary Lesions Are More Prone to Cause Acute Myocardial Infarction? / Quais Lesões Coronarianas São Mais Propensas a Causar Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio?

Abstract Background: According to common belief, most myocardial infarctions (MIs) are due to the rupture of nonsevere, vulnerable plaques with < 70% obstruction. Data from recent trials challenge this belief, suggesting that the risk of coronary occlusion is, in fact, much higher after severe stenosis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether or not acute ST-elevation MIs result from high-grade stenoses by evaluating the presence of coronary collateral circulation (CCC). Methods: We retrospectively included 207 consecutive patients who had undergone primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute ST-elevation MI. Collateral blood flow distal to the culprit lesion was assessed by two investigators using the Rentrop scoring system. Results: Out of the 207 patients included in the study, 153 (73.9%) had coronary collateral vessels (Rentrop 1-3). The Rentrop scores were 0, 1, 2, and 3 in 54 (26.1%), 50 (24.2%), 51 (24.6%), and 52 (25.1%) patients, respectively. Triglycerides, mean platelet volume (MPV), white cell (WBC) count, and neutrophil count were significantly lower in the group with good collateral vessels (p = 0.013, p = 0.002, p = 0.003, and p = 0.021, respectively). Conclusion: More than 70% of the patients with acute MI had CCC with Rentrop scores of 1-3 during primary coronary angiography. This shows that most cases of acute MI in our study originated from underlying high-grade stenoses, challenging the common believe. Higher serum triglycerides levels, greater MPV, and increased WBC and neutrophil counts were independently associated with impaired development of collateral vessels.

Resumo Fundamento: Há uma crença geral de que a maioria dos infartos agudos do miocárdio (IAM) ocorrem devido à ruptura de placas vulneráveis, não graves, com obstrução < 70%. Dados de ensaios recentes desafiam esta crença, sugerindo que o risco de oclusão coronariana é, na realidade, muito maior após estenose grave. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar se a presença ou não de IAM com supradesnível do segmento ST resulta de estenoses de alto grau através da avaliação da presença de circulação colateral coronariana (CCC). Métodos: Nós incluímos retrospectivamente 207 pacientes consecutivos submetidos à intervenção coronariana percutânea primária devido à ocorrência de IAM com supradesnível do segmento ST. O fluxo sanguíneo colateral distal à lesão culpada foi avaliado por dois investigadores com utilização do sistema de escores de Rentrop. Resultados: Dos 207 pacientes incluídos no estudo, 153 (73,9%) apresentavam vasos coronarianos colaterais (Rentrop 1-3). Os escores Rentrop foram de 0, 1, 2 e 3 em 54 (26,1%), 50 (24,2%), 51 (24,6%) e 52 (25,1%) pacientes, respectivamente. Triglicérides, volume plaquetário médio (VPM), contagem de células brancas (CCB) e contagem de neutrófilos estiveram significativamente mais baixos no grupo com bons vasos colaterais (p = 0,013, p = 0,002, p = 0,003 e p = 0,021, respectivamente). Conclusão: Mais de 70% dos pacientes com IAM apresentaram CCC com escores de Rentrop de 1-3 durante angiografia coronariana primária. Isto demonstra que a maioria dos casos de IAM em nosso estudo originou a partir de estenoses subjacentes de alto grau, contrariamente à sabedoria comum. Níveis séricos mais elevados de triglicérides, maior VPM e elevação na CCB e na contagem de neutrófilos estiveram independentemente associados com comprometimento no desenvolvimento de vasos colaterais.

Incidência, manejo e prognóstico de perfurações coronárias / Incidence, management and prognosis of coronary perforations

INTRODUÇÃO: A perfuração coronária na atualidade é complicação rara, mas potencialmente catastrófica. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar a incidência, os preditores, o manejo e o prognóstico das perfurações coronárias na experiência de um serviço de cardiologia intervencionista com grande volume de intervenções coronárias percutâneas (ICPs). MÉTODOS: Comparamos as características clínicas, angiográficas e do procedimento e a evolução intra-hospitalar de pacientes que apresentaram ou não perfuração coronária. Análise univariada foi realizada para determinar os preditores dessa complicação. RESULTADOS: No período de dezembro de 2007 a janeiro de 2012, 5.585 pacientes consecutivos foram submetidos a ICP e 18 apresentaram perfuração coronária (0,32%), dos quais 55,5% eram do sexo feminino e 38,9% eram diabéticos. Nesse grupo, a artéria descendente anterior foi o vaso mais frequentemente tratado (61,1%), assim como a lesão do tipo C (61,1%), e as oclusões crônicas foram abordadas em 27,8% desses casos. A maioria das perfurações coronárias (11/18) apresentou menor complexidade de acordo com a classificação de Ellis modificada, enquanto as demais foram qualificadas como graus III (6/18) ou IV (1/18). O cateter-balão foi o dispositivo responsável pela perfuração em 61,1% dos casos. Realizou-se insuflação prolongada com cateter-balão e inativação da heparina com protamina em 72,2% e 88,9% dos casos, respectivamente. Apenas 1 paciente (5,6%) necessitou de abordagem cirúrgica de emergência em decorrência de tamponamento cardíaco. Não houve óbito associado à perfuração coronária. Na análise univariada, os preditores de perfuração coronária foram: sexo feminino (P = 0,03), doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (P = 0,006) e oclusão crônica (P < 0,01). CONCLUSÕES: Em nossa experiência, a perfuração coronária foi evento raro, controlada conservadoramente na maioria dos casos e com evolução hospitalar satisfatória.

BACKGROUND: Coronary perforation is currently a rare, but potentially catastrophic complication. The aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence, predictors, management and prognosis of coronary perforations at a hospital with a large number of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs). METHODS: Clinical, angiographic, procedural and in-hospital outcomes of patients with or without coronary perforations were compared. Univariate analysis was performed to determine the predictors of this complication. RESULTS: From December 2007 to January 2012, 5,585 consecutive patients were submitted to PCI and 18 had coronary perforation (0.32%), of whom 55.5% were female and 38.9% were diabetic. In this group, the left anterior descending artery was the most frequently treated vessel (61.1%) as well as type C lesion (61.1%) and chronic occlusions were approached in 27.8% of these cases. Most of the coronary perforations (11/18) had a lower complexity according to the modified Ellis classification, whereas the remaining perforations were classified as grades III (6/18) or IV (1/18). The balloon-catheter device was responsible for perforation in 61.1% of the cases. Prolonged inflation with a balloon-catheter and heparin reversal with protamine was performed in 72.2% and 88.9% of the cases, respectively. Only 1 patient (5.6%) required an emergency surgery due to cardiac tamponade. There were no deaths associated with coronary perforation. According to the univariate analysis, coronary perforation predictors were: female gender (P = 0.03), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (P = 0.006) and chronic occlusion (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, coronary perforation was a rare event, which was managed conservatively in most of the cases and was associated with a good in-hospital outcome.

Tratamento de lesões calcificadas com uso do dispositivo Tornus: relato de dois casos / Treatment of calcified lesions with the tornus device: report of two cases

Apresenta-se neste relato o tratamento bem-sucedido de dois pacientes com lesões coronárias complexas, calcificadas, sendo uma delas uma oclusão total crônica, na qual foi utilizado um novo dispositivo para facilitar o procedimento percutâneo.

We describe two complex cases of calcified lesions, one of which a total chronic occlusion, that were successfully treated with a new device that facilitates the percutaneous procedure.