Laser doppler flowmetry as a method of analysis for the evaluation of chemo - induced oral mucositis: a pilot study / Flujometría por láser doppler como método de análisis para la evaluación de la mucositis oral inducida por quimioterapia: un estudio piloto

Background: Oral mucositis (OM) is an inflammation of the oral mucosa due to cancer therapy that compromises the patient's quality of life. Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) is a non-invasive method to monitor microvascular blood flow (BF) in real-time. Purpose: Develop a method to evaluate BF in the genian region cheek in patients undergoing chemotherapy by LDF and compare the degrees of OM and pain with evaluation of BF. Material and methods: Evaluation of OM was performed using the World Health Organization (WHO) and Oral Mucositis Assessment Scale (OMAS) scales and the visual analog scale for pain evaluation. For flowmetry analysis, a laser Doppler flowmeter (moorVMSTM™, 780 nm wavelength and VP3 probe), fixed by an acrylic resin support was used; VP3 probe was positioned on the genian region and the patient's head was stabilized with a neck pillow for an accurate measurement. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare the flowmetry results at the studied times. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to evaluate relationships between BF and the WHO, OMAS and visual analog scales. Results: Eleven patients of both sexes, aged between 30 and 78 years, with OM were included. An increase in cutaneous BF was observed at the initial times of OM, with progressive reduction during the chemotherapy cycle. There was a statistical difference (p<0.05) between time point T0 (first consultation) and time point T6 (last consultation). Conclusion: The method developed in this pilot study is effective, reliable, and reproducible, and allows the evaluation of BF dynamics in the genian region using LDF of patients undergoing chemotherapy at risk of developing OM.

Antecedentes: La mucositis oral (MO) es una inflamación de la mucosa oral debido a la terapia del cáncer, que compromete la calidad de vida del paciente. La flujometría láser Doppler (FLD) es un método no invasivo para monitorear el flujo sanguíneo microvascular (FS) en tiempo real. Objetivo: Desarrollar un método para evaluar la FS en la mejilla de la región geniana en pacientes sometidos a quimioterapia por FLD y comparar los grados de MO y dolor con la evaluación del FS. Material y Métodos: La evaluación de la MO se realizó utilizando las escalas de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y la Escala de Evaluación de la Mucositis Oral (OMAS) y la escala analógica visual para la evaluación del dolor. Para el análisis de flujometría se utilizó un flujómetro láser Doppler (moorVMSTM™, longitud de onda de 780 nm y sonda VP3), fijado por un soporte de resina acrílica; La sonda VP3 se colocó en la región geniana y la cabeza del paciente se estabilizó con una almohada para el cuello para una medición precisa. Se utilizó la prueba de Wilcoxon para comparar los resultados de la flujometría en los tiempos estudiados. Se utilizó el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson para evaluar las relaciones entre FS y las escalas de la OMS, OMAS y analógicas visuales. Resultados: Se incluyeron 11 pacientes de ambos sexos, con edades comprendidas entre 30 y 78 años, con MO. Se observó un aumento del FS cutáneo en los momentos iniciales de la MO, con reducción progresiva durante el ciclo de quimioterapia. Hubo una diferencia estadística (p<0.05) entre el momento T0 (primera consulta) y el momento T6 (última consulta). Conclusión: El método desarrollado en este estudio piloto es efectivo, confiable y reproducible, y permite evaluar la dinámica del FS en la región geniana utilizando FLD de pacientes sometidos a quimioterapia con riesgo de desarrollar MO.

Measurement of oral health quality of life among patients who underwent haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation

Abstract Oral mucositis is a painful condition that occurs in patients who have undergone haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) and has a huge impact on their quality of life. The objective of this study was to examine the extent to which interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) are associated with oral health quality of life among patients who underwent HSCT. A. C. Camargo Cancer Center patients were evaluated over 20 months at 4 different time-points: a) at patient admission (M1); b) on the day of infusion of HSC (M2); c) 12 and 20 days after the first day of the conditioning regimen for autologous and allogeneic transplantation, respectively (M3); and d) 30 days after the first day of the conditioning regimen (M4). Mucositis clinical evaluations were performed using World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Oral health quality of life was measured using the Oral Health Impact Profile short form (OHIP-14), Oral Mucositis Quality of Life (OMQoL) and Patient-Reported Oral Mucositis Symptom (PROMS) scales. Correlations between clinical data and quality of life scores were examined. STATA 11.0 was used to perform the statistical analyses (5% level of significance). Eighty-two patients participated in the study; 62.2% were male, 28.05% had multiple myeloma, and the mean age was 48.49 years (SD 13.76). Higher scores (worse quality of life) were observed as mucositis scores increased, but the results were not significant. The OMQoL had a high correlation with OHIP-14 (0.8377), but the correlation between the PROMS scale and the OHIP-14 was lower (0.6643). Higher concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α were associated with worse quality of life, according to all indices (p < 0.05). Oral mucositis was associated with quality of life scores (p < 0.01).

Oral health as a predictive factor for oral mucositis

OBJECTIVES: Oral mucositis is a complication frequently associated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, decreasing a patient's quality of life and increasing the occurrence of opportunistic infections. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and severity of oral mucositis and to assess the correlation of this disease with the oral health of an individual at the time of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. METHODS: Before transplantation, patients' oral health and inflammatory conditions were determined using the gingival index and the plaque index, which are based on gingival bleeding and the presence of dental plaque, respectively. Additionally, the dental health status was determined using the decayed, missing, and filled teeth index. The monitoring of oral mucositis was based on the World Health Organization grading system and was performed for five periods: from Day 0 to D+5, from D+6 to D+10, from D+11 to D+15, from D+16 to D+20, and from D+21 to D+30. RESULTS: A total of 97 patients (56% male and 44% female) who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation at the Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo between January 2008 and July 2009 were prospectively examined. The incidence of ulcerative mucositis was highest from days +6 to +10 and from days +11 to +15 in the patients who underwent autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, respectively. CONCLUSION: The data, including the dental plaque and periodontal status data, showed that these oral health factors were predictive of the incidence and severity of oral mucositis in a cohort of patients with similar conditioning regimens before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. .

History of Chronic Periodontitis Is a High Risk Indicator for Peri-Implant Disease

The success rates in implant dentistry vary significantly among patients presenting previous history of periodontitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate if patients with history of chronic periodontitis (CP) are more susceptible to peri-implant disease (PID) than those without history of CP. Two hundred and fifteen individuals, under periodontal maintenance, presenting 754 osseointegrated implants, were selected for this study. The patients were divided into two groups according to the peri-implant status: Control group (patients without PID; n=129) and PID group (patients with PID; n=86). All peri-implant regions were clinically evaluated, including analyses of mucosa inflammation, edema and implant mobility. Periapical radiography assessed the presence of peri-implant bone loss. According to the clinical/radiographic characteristics, patients in Control and PID groups were diagnosed as having CP or not. Nominal variables were evaluated by the chi-square test. The distribution of numeric variables was analyzed by Shapiro-Wilk test. Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney test were used to analyze significant differences for parametric and non-parametric data. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant. There was a highly significant correlation between CP history and PID (p<0.0001). Patients with CP had 4 times more chance of developing PID than patients with healthy periodontal tissues. Also, CP patients showed higher bleeding on probing (p=0.002) and bone loss around implant (p=0.004) when compared with patients without CP. In conclusion, history of CP is a high risk factor for the development of PID, irrespective of gender or region of implant placement.

Resumo O índice de sucesso em implantodontia varia significantemente entre indivíduos apresentando história prévia de periodontite. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se pacientes com história de periodontite crônica (CP) são mais susceptíveis ao desenvolvimento de doença peri-implantar (PID) do que pacientes sem história de CP. Duzentos e quinze indivíduos, sob manutenção periodontal, apresentando 754 implantes osseointegrados, foram selecionados para este estudo. Os pacientes foram divididos em 2 grupos de acordo com o estado peri-implantar: Grupo Controle (pacientes sem PID, n=129) e Grupo PID (pacientes com PID, n=86). Todas as regiões peri-implantares foram clinicamente avaliadas, incluindo análise da inflamação na mucosa, edema e mobilidade do implante. Radiografias periapicais avaliaram a presença de perda óssea peri-implantar. De acordo com as características clínico/radiográficas, pacientes nos Grupos Controle e PID foram diagnosticados como tendo CP ou não. As variáveis nominais foram avaliadas pelo teste do qui-quadrado. A distribuição das variáveis numéricas foi avaliada pelo teste de Shapiro-Wilk. O Teste t e o teste de Mann-Whitney foram utilizados para analisar a significância dos dados, em caso de distribuição normal e não-normal, respectivamente. Valor de p<0,05 foi considerado significante. Os resultados mostraram que há correlação altamente significativa entre história de CP e presença PID (p<0,0001), com risco 4 vezes maior de desenvolver PID para pacientes com CP. Pacientes com CP também mostraram maior sangramento à sondagem (p=0,002) e perda óssea peri-implantar (p=0,004) quando comparados a pacientes sem CP. Concluímos que história de periodontite crônica é um fator de alto risco ao desenvolvimento ...

Principales lesiones bucales y factores de riesgo presentes en población mayor de 60 años / Leading oral lesions and risk factors present in a population aged over 60 years

Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo en la población mayor de 60 años del área de salud de la Policlínica Moncada, que recibieron atención en la Facultad de Estomatología Raúl González Sánchez, Ciudad de La Habana, durante el año 2006, para determinar los factores de riesgo asociados con la aparición de lesiones bucales, su distribución según edad y sexo, además de identificar el tipo de lesión y su localización anatómica. Se estudiaron 352 ancianos a los que se les aplicó una encuesta para identificar la presencia de factores de riesgo y se realizó un examen físico de la cavidad bucal y el cuello para detectar las lesiones y su localización. Como principales resultados se obtuvo que el 60,7 por ciento de los ancianos presentaron factores de riesgo; los más frecuentes fueron: la ingestión de alimentos condimentados y calientes en un 83,4 por ciento, el hábito de fumar en un 82,1 por ciento seguido del uso de prótesis y el alcoholismo, ambos con 72,4 por ciento. El sexo masculino fue el más afectado en un 58,2 por ciento, el factor de riesgo que predominó fue la ingestión de alcohol en un 75,7 por ciento. En las mujeres el uso de prótesis fue el factor de riesgo que predominó con un 73,3 por ciento, seguido del hábito de fumar; la edad más afectada fue la de más de 80 años en un 41,7 por ciento. El 48,5 por ciento presentaban lesiones, el épulis fisurado fue el más representativo en un 39,1 por ciento, la estomatitis subprotésica con un 35,6 por ciento. La localización anatómica encontrada con mayor afectación fue el paladar duro, encía inferior y mucosa del carrillo. Se evidenció con estos resultados la falta de calidad de las actividades de educación para la salud, ya que predominaron estilos de vida perjudiciales a la salud(AU)

A descriptive study was conducted in a population aged over 60 from the health area of Moncada polyclinic seen in Raúl González Sánchez Stomatology Faculty of Ciudad de La Habana during 2006 to determine the risk factors associated with appearance of oral lesions, its distribution according age and sex and also to identify the type of lesion and its anatomic location. A total of 352 elderlies were studied by means of a survey to identify the presence of risk factors and an oral cavity and neck physical examination to detect the lesions and their locations. Leading results showed that the 60,7 percent of elderlies had risk factors where the more frequent were: seasoned and hot foods ingestion in the 83,4 percent, smoking in the 82m1 percent followed by the use of prostheses and alcoholism, both for a 72m4 percent. Male sex was the more involved in a 58m2 percent, the predominant risk factor was the alcohol ingestion in a 75m7 percent. In female sex the use of prostheses was the predominant risk factor with a 73.3 percent followed by smoking; the more involved age was over 80 years sin a 41,7 percent. The 48,5 percent has lesions; the fissure of epulis was more representative in a 39,1 percent, the subprosthetic stomatitis with a 35,6 percent. The more involved anatomical location founded was the hard palate, lower gum and cheek mucosa. With these results it was possible to confirm the quality lack of health education activities since there were lifestyles harmful for health(AU)