Poor sleep in middle-aged women is not associated with menopause per se

Whether sleep problems of menopausal women are associated with vasomotor symptoms and/or changes in estrogen levels associated with menopause or age-related changes in sleep architecture is unclear. This study aimed to determine if poor sleep in middle-aged women is correlated with menopause. This study recruited women seeking care for the first time at the menopause outpatient department of our hospital. Inclusion criteria were an age ≥40 years, not taking any medications for menopausal symptoms, and no sleeping problems or depression. Patients were assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), modified Kupperman Index (KI), and Menopause Rating Scale (MRS). A PSQI score of <7 indicated no sleep disorder and ≥7 indicated a sleep disorder. Blood specimens were analyzed for follicle-stimulating hormone and estradiol levels. A total of 244 women were included in the study; 103 (42.2%) were identified as having a sleep disorder and 141 as not having one. In addition, 156 (64%) women were postmenopausal and 88 (36%) were not menopausal. Follicle-stimulating hormone and estradiol levels were similar between the groups. Patients with a sleep disorder had a significantly higher total modified KI score and total MRS score (both, P<0.001) compared with those without a sleep disorder. Correlations of the PSQI total score with the KI and MRS were similar in menopausal and non-menopausal women. These results do not support that menopause per se specifically contributes to sleep problems.

Um antiestrogênio na tentativa de prevençäo do câncer de mama / An attemp of breast cancer prevention with an antiestrogenic

Estudo retrospectivo em que cem pacientes enquadradas como alto risco pessoal, familiar e local para desenvolver câncer de mama, foram acompanhadas por um período que variou de 3 a 8 anos, provenientes de Clínica Privada, da Santa Casa da Misericórdia e do serviço de Ginecologia do Hospital Säo Lucas da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. Observou-se o de um antiestrogênico - o tamoxifen na dosagem de 20 mg/dia - efeito protetor do tecido mamário quanto ao desenvolvimento de neoplasia. Das cem pacientes, apenas uma desenvolveu carcinoma galatinoso de mama, tipo näo especial. E portadora de papilomatose prévia. Foram analisados os fatores de risco, a faixa etária, a sintomatologia, os exames complementares, a relaçäo com a histologia da importância de um grupo controle neste estudo, mas certamente em trabalho prospectivo no qual poderemos comparar e entäo usar o tamoxifen como uma droga protetora neste estudo, mas certamente em trabalho prospectivo no qual poderemos comparar e entäo usar o tamoxifen como uma droga protetora ao desenvolvimento do câncer de mama em pacientes de alto risco