Clinical outcomes after switch to mTOR inhibitors in kidney transplant recipients / Resultados clínicos en receptores de trasplante renal posterior a la conversión a ImTOR

Abstract Introduction: mTOR inhibitors Sirolimus and Everolimus are an alternative for inmunosuppression in renal transplant recipients. The aim of the study was to describe the experience of patients with switch to mTOR inhibitors, followed up for more than five years. Materials and methods: Patients with renal transplantation from 1995 to 2013, who had indication of calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) withdrawl after the third month post-transplant were included. All patients underwent renal biopsy prior to conversion. No patient had a diagnosis of chronic nephtopathy, IFTA>40 % or proteinuria >350mg/24h. A descriptive analysis for all variables was devoloped. Kaplan-Meier method was used for the patient's and graft survival and graft rejection incidence. Results: From 1273 renal transplants, the switch from CNI to mTOR inhibitors was performed in 166 (13 %), 78 % (n=129) were switched to Sirolimus. 12,6 % of the patients lost graft function and 4,2 % (n=7) died. 37% had mTOR inhibitors withdrawal, and the major cause was pathologic proteinuria. The incidence of graft rejection after switching to mTOR inhibitors was 9,6 %. The one and five year graf survival was 96,6 % and 83,5 %. The patient survival at one and five years was 98 % and 97 %. Conclusions: The use of mTOR inhibitors drugs appears to be safe in the managgement of specific renal transplant recipients, with a low rejection rate and good survival.

Resumen Introducción: los ImTOR, sirolimus y everolimus son una alternativa de inmunosupresión en personas que han recibido transplantes renales. En este artículo, se describe la experiencia de pacientes que han experimentado una conversión a ImTOR, y a los que se les ha hecho un seguimiento por más de cinco años. Materiales y métodos: se incluyeron pacientes con transplantes renales desde 1995 hasta 2013, quienes tuvieron indicación de suspensión del inhibidor de calcineurina (ICN) después del tercer mes posterior al trasplante. Todos los pacientes fueron sometidos a biopsia renal antes de la administración de ImTOR. Ningún paciente tuvo diagnóstico de nefropatía crónica, IFTA >40 % o proteinuria >350 mg/24h. Se elaboró un análisis descriptivo para todas las variables. Para estudiar la supervivencia del paciente y del injerto, y la incidencia de rechazo agudo, se usó el método de Kaplan-Meier. Resultados: de 1273 trasplantes renales, la conversión de ICN a ImTOR se realizó en 166 casos (13 %). Al 78 % (n=129) se le administró sirolimus. El 13 % de los pacientes perdió la función del injerto y 7 pacientes (4,2 %) fallecieron. En el 37 % de los casos, se retiró el ImTOR. La principal causa de retiro fue el hallazgo de proteinuria patológica. La incidencia de rechazo agudo después del cambio a ImTOR fue de 9,6 %. La supervivencia del injerto tras uno y cinco años fue de 96,6 % y 83,5 %, respectivamente; y la supervivencia del paciente a uno y cinco años fue de 98 % y 97 %, respectivamente. Conclusiones: el uso de inhibidores ImTOR parece ser seguro en este grupo de pacientes trasplantados, pues hubo una baja tasa de rechazo y buena supervivencia del injerto.

Angioplastia no tronco calcificado com suporte biorreabsorvível por limitação para antiagregação / Bioresorbable device implantation in left main in patients with limitation for long-term using of dual

Homem com angina instável e lesão grave, calcificada no tronco de coronária esquerda (TCE). Antecedentes:revascularização e anemia. A intenção de tratamento era angioplastia com stent farmacológico (SF) no TCE.Apresentou hemorragia digestiva e piora da anemia, que foram tratadas. Angina refratária à terapêutica clínica. Devido à limitação para antiagregação foi implantado o dispositivo biorreabsorvível (BVS) no TCE. Este relato discute o uso do BVS em lesão complexa, proporcionando absorção do dispositivo, possibilitando melhor manuseio da antiagregação e o seguimento futuro da obstrução tratada, através de métodos de imagem não invasivos.

Male patient with unstable angina and critical calcified lesion in the left main coronary artery (LMCA). Background: coronary artery bypass grafting and anemia. The intention to treat was angioplasty with drug-eluting stents (DES) in the LMCA. The patientpresented gastrointestinal bleeding and worsening of anemia, which were treated. Angina was refractory to medical therapy. Because of antiplatelet therapy limitation, bioresorbable vascular support (BVS) was implanted in the LMCA. This case report discusses theuse of BVS in complex lesion, enabling absorption of the device and better management of antiplatelet therapy and future follow-up of the obstruction treated using by non-invasive imaging methods.

Resultados iniciais e tardios de pacientes tratados com stent híbrido eluidor desirolimus ou stent eluidor de everolimus / Early and late outcomes of patients treated with hybrid sirolimus-eluting stent or everolimus-eluting stent

Introdução: O stent Orsiro é um stent híbrido que possui revestimentos passivo (carbeto de silício amorfo)e ativo (ácido poli-L-lático, PLLA). O primeiro encapsula as hastes do stent, promovendo menor inflamação local, e o segundo libera o sirolimus por meio de matriz biodegradável. Nosso objetivo foi comparar os resultados das intervenções coronárias percutâneas (ICP) dos stents Orsiro e Xience® V (eluidor de everolimus) na prática clínica diária. Métodos: Estudo observacional em que os pacientes foram alocados em dois grupos: os que e ceberam exclusivamente um ou mais stents Orsiro e os que receberam exclusivamente stents Xience® V. Desfechos iniciais e tardios foram prospectivamente coletados. Resultados: Entre setembro de 2012 e março de 2014, incluímos 92 e 108 pacientes tratados com stent Orsiro e Xience® V, respectivamente. Características clínicas, angiográficas e do procedimento foram, em sua maioria, semelhantes entre os grupos. As taxas de sucesso do procedimento (98,9% vs. 95,4%; p = 0,22), mortalidade (1,1% vs. 0%; p = 0,40) e trombose do stent (0% vs. 0,9%; p = 0,30) hospitalares não diferiram entre os grupos. O tempo de seguimento foi de 434 ± 111 e 477 ± 66 dias (p = 0,23), respectivamente, não sendo observadas diferenças na mortalidade (0,9% vs. 0%; p = 0,30), trombose do stent (0% vs. 0,9%; p = 0,30)e nem na necessidade de revascularização da lesão alvo (0% vs. 0,9%; p = 0,30). Conclusões: Os stents Orsiro e Xience® V apresentaram desempenho semelhante, com baixas taxas de eventos clínicos e angiográficos iniciais e tardios.

Background: The Orsiro is a hybrid stent which has passive (amorphous silicon carbide) and active(poly-L-lactic acid, PLLA) coatings. The first layer encapsulates the stent struts, promoting lower local inflammation, where as the second layer releases sirolimus through a biodegradable matrix. This study'saim was to compare the results of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) with Orsiro and Xience™ Vstents (everolimus-eluting stent) in daily clinical practice. Methods: Observational study in which patients were divided into two groups: those who received only one or more Orsiro stents, and those who received only XienceTM V stents. Early and late outcomes were prospectively collected. Results: Between September 2012 and March 2014, this study included 92 and 108 patients treated with Orsiro and Xience™ V stents, respectively. Clinical, angiographic, and procedure characteristics were mostly similar between groups. Rates of procedure success (98.9% vs. 95.4%; p = 0.22), in-hospital mortality (1.1% vs. 0%; p = 0.40) and stent thrombosis (0% vs. 0.9%, p = 0.30) did not differ between groups. Time of follow-up was 434 ± 111 and477 ± 66 days (p = 0.23), respectively, and differences in mortality (0.9% vs. 0%, p = 0.30), stent thrombosis (0% vs.0.9%; p = 0.30), or need for repeat revascularization of the target lesion (0% vs. 0.9%; p = 0.30) were not observed. Conclusions: Orsiro and Xience™ V stents showed similar performance, with low rates of early and late clinical and angiographic events.