RESUMO
Abstract INTRODUCTION: Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGFβ1) is a potent suppressive cytokine that contributes to chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection. Disparities in TGFβ1 production among individuals have been attributed to TGFβ1 genetic polymorphisms. We examined whether three putative polymorphisms in TGFβ1[-509 C/T (rs1800469), +869 C/T (rs1800470), and +11929 C/T (rs1800472)]are associated with CHB infection in a South-Eastern Iranian population. METHODS: In total, 341 subjects were recruited, including 178 patients with CHB and 163 healthy individuals as controls. Genotyping of the three TGFβ1 SNPs was performed by tetra amplification refractory mutation system-PCR. RESULTS: TheTGFβ1 +869 TT vs.CC genotype in codominant (OR=0.445, p=0.012) and TT vs. TC+CC in the recessive (OR=0.439, p=0.003) model as well as the variant allele T vs. C(OR=0.714, p=0.038) were associated with lower CHB infection risk. However, the +11929 C/T polymorphism was associated with increased CHB risk, and the CT vs. CC genotype (OR=2.77, P=0.001) and T variant allele (OR=2.53, P=0.002) were risk factors for CHB. Furthermore, TTT (+869/-509/+11929) and CCC haplotypes were risk and protective factors for CHB, respectively. We found no significant association between viral DNA load and TGFβ1 genotype or hepatic enzyme levels (p >0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Results indicated that the TGFβ1+869TT genotype and T allele were protective factors, whereas the +11929 CT genotype and T allele were risk factors for CHB infection.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Adulto Jovem , Polimorfismo Genético , Proteínas da Matriz Extracelular/genética , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/genética , Hepatite B Crônica/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta1/genética , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Frequência do Gene , Genótipo , Irã (Geográfico) , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Introdução: O fator de crescimento transformante beta-1 (TGFß1) é uma citocina multifuncional que regula a proliferação, a diferenciação e a formação da matriz extracelular de vários tipos de células. Existem evidências de que os polimorfismos -509C>T e 869T>C no gene do TGFß1 alteram a sua expressão gênica e podem estar envolvidos na patogênese das complicações crônicas do diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2). O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o papel dos polimorfismos funcionais -509C>T e 869T>C no gene do TGFß1 na patogênese da retinopatia (RD) e da nefropatia (ND) diabéticas, em pacientes com DM2. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo de caso-controle aninhado a um estudo transversal. Foram selecionados pacientes caucasoides com DM2 que realizaram exames clínicos, laboratoriais e uma entrevista com questionário padronizado. A genotipagem dos polimorfismos foi realizada por meio de PCR. Resultados: As frequências genotípicas e alélicas obtidas para o polimorfismo -509C>T nos pacientes com RD ou ND não diferiram daquelas observadas nos pacientes sem estas complicações. Mas quando a gravidade das complicações foi analisada, observou-se que o alelo C foi menos frequente entre os pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica não tratada com diálise, assim como a frequência de homozigotos para o alelo C foi maior nos pacientes dialíticos. Conclusão: Após a análise multivariada, o genótipo CC permaneceu como um fator de risco associado com a progressão da ND (RC = 2,68, IC 95% 1,08-6,68). Assim, os resultados sugerem que o polimorfismo 869T>C no gene do TGFß1 está associado com a progressão da ND em pacientes com DM2 (AU)
Introduction: The transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGFß1) is a multifunctional cytokine that regulates proliferation, differentiation and extracellular matrix formation of multiple cell types. There is evidence that polymorphisms -509C> T and 869T> C in the TGFß1 gene alter its gene expression and may be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic complications of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2). The aim of this study was to analyze the role of functional polymorphisms -509C> T and 869T> C in the TGFß1 gene in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic nephropathy (DN) in patients with DM2. Methods: We conducted a case-control study nested in a cross-sectional study. We selected Caucasian patients with DM2 who underwent clinical and laboratory tests and an interview with a standardized questionnaire. Polymorphism genotyping was performed by PCR. Results: The allele and genotype frequencies obtained for polymorphism -509C> T in patients with DR or DN did not differ from those observed in patients without these complications. But when the severity of complications was analyzed, the C allele was found to be less frequent among patients with chronic renal failure untreated with dialysis, and the frequency of homozygous for the C allele was higher in dialysis patients. Conclusion: After multivariate analysis, the CC genotype remained a risk factor associated with progression of DN (OR = 2.68, 95% CI 1.08 to 6.68). Thus, the results suggest that polymorphism 869T> C in THE TGFß1 gene is associated with progression of DN in patients with DM2 (AU)