EVIPNet-Европа: опыт Венгрии: Уроки, усвоенные в ходе процесса разработки аналитического обзора для формирования политики по надлежащему использованию антибиотиков для сдерживания развития устойчивости к антибиотикам в Венгрии

Венгрия – страна, являющаяся членом EVIPNet с 2015 г. – начала разработку АОФП в 2016 г. В группу разработчиков АОФП, которую возглавлял национальный куратор EVIPNet, вошли эксперты из Венгерского национального центра услуг здравоохранения, Министерства человеческих ресурсов, Сегедского университета и больницы и поликлиники Jahn Ferenc Dél-pesti в Будапеште; группа функционировала при поддержке Странового офиса ВОЗ. Руководствуясь имеющимися фактическими данными, Министерство человеческих ресурсов Венгрии определило проблему устойчивости к противомикробным препаратам (УПП) как наиболее приоритетную в списке проблем, выявленных командой EVIPNet в ходе ситуационного анализа. Создание АОФП – многогранный процесс, для координации которого требуется создание группы экспертов, которая будет анализировать и обобщать обширный массив информации из различных источников. Этот процесс можно разбить на несколько этапов. В данной публикации описаны эти этапы в контексте опыта разработки АОФП по УПП в Венгрии.

Указ об общественном питании в Венгрии: межсекторальные действия общественного здравоохранения в целях улучшения питания и решения проблем социального неравенства с применением обязательного к исполнению правового инструмента: информационный обзор по передовому опыту

Указ об общественном питании был опубликован в 2014 году последлительной подготовительной фазы и интенсивного сотрудничествас соответствующими заинтересованными сторонами. Этот правовойинструмент является одним из компонентов комплексного набора меробщественного здравоохранения, направленного на решение первопричиножирения. Указ относится к факторам риска, связанным с рациономпитания, в основном в образовательной среде (включая бесплатные летниеобеды для уязвимых детей) и в стационарах, и рассматривает не тольковопросы, связанные со здоровьем, но и вопросы социальной сферы иравенства. Спустя три года после его введения, благоприятные изменениянаблюдаются в сфере школьного питания и в отношении со стороныпищевой промышленности. Надежная коммуникация в дополнение кзаконодательству улучшила понимание его целей в сфере общественногоздравоохранения, что позволило укрепить общественное восприятие ипринятие.

The public catering decree in Hungary: intersectoral public health action to improve nutrition and address social inequalities with a binding legal instrument: good practice brief

The Public Catering Decree was published in 2014 after a long preparatory phase and intense intersectoral cooperation with relevant stakeholders. This legal tool is one component of a complex set of public health measures to address the root causes of obesity. The Decree pertains to dietary risk factors primarily in educational settings (including free summer meals for disadvantaged children) and in hospitals and addresses not only health-related but also social and equity issues.Three years after its introduction, favourable changes in the school nutrition environment were seen, and a positive change in the attitude of the food industry. Robust communication activities to supplement the legislation improved understanding of its public health goals, thus strengthening the public perception and acceptance.

Health diplomacy: european perspectives

Global processes – such as climate change, pandemics and modern societies’ patterns of unsustainable consumption – gave health diplomacy new relevance, making it central to health governance at global and regional levels, and integral to foreign policy in many countries. This book is part of the WHO Regional Office for Europe’s response to the WHO Regional Committee for Europe’s 2010 request that it strengthen the capacity of diplomats and health officials in global health diplomacy. It presents 17 case studies that illustrate recent developments in the WHO European Region. The examples range from negotiating for health in the Paris Agreement on climate change and the pursuit of the Sustainable Development Goals, to placing antimicrobial resistance on the global agenda and showing the relevance of city health diplomacy. Chapters review subregional efforts in south-eastern Europe and central Asian countries; progress on road safety in the Russian Federation; experience with integrated health diplomacy in Malta and Switzerland; Germany’s activities in the Group of 7 and Group of 20; the work of WHO country offices from a diplomacy perspective and the collaboration between WHO and the European Union; and training to increase capacity for health diplomacy in diplomats and health officials. A discussion of future challenges for health diplomacy concludes this unique compilation. This publication was tabled as a background document during the Sixty-seventh session of the Regional Committee for Europe, Budapest, 11–14 September 2017.

Improved effectiveness of generic medicine markets in Hungary: analysis and recommendations

This publication summarizes the findings of a series of technical reports by many experts involved in assessing the effectiveness of pharmaceutical policy on generic essential medicines markets in the context of the Hungarian health system. Within the framework of certain agreements, WHO provided technical advice in collaboration with local experts and with involvement from international consultants. The primary objective of this report is to provide an overview of the development of incentives to use generics in the Hungarian health system up to the end of 2011, focusing in particular on the reference pricing system and assessing what impact these incentives have had in recent years.

Physical activity habits in a European sports event: a case study / Hábitos de atividade física em um evento do European Sports: um estudo de caso / Hábitos de actividad física en un evento deportivo europeo: un estudio de caso

The aim of this study is to learn more about the physical activity habits of participants in a popular sporting event such as European Sports Day, which is held simultaneously in five European countries (Spain, Italy, Cyprus, Ireland, and Hungary), and to measure the influence of socio-demographic variables on these habits. This is a cross-sectional study conducted with a sample of 856 participants, stratified by gender, age, and nationality. We statistically analyzed five variables related to physical activity habits: frequency of physical activity practice, places of practice, motives of practice, perceived fitness level, and popular event attendance. Of the participants, 76.8% said they perform physical activity weekly. Fitness/health improvement (34.63%) and entertainment/leisure (26.52%) are the main reasons for the practice of physical activity. Age and nationality are differentiating factors on physical activity habits...

"Hábitos de atividade física em um evento do European Sports: Um estudo de caso."O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar os hábitos dos participantes de um evento popular como o Dia Europeu do Desporto realizado simultaneamente em cinco países europeus (Espanha, Itália, Chipre, Irlanda e Hungria), e medir a influência das variáveis ​​sociodemográficas sobre esses hábitos. Este é um estudo transversal, composto por uma amostra de 856 participantes, estratificada por sexo, idade e nacionalidade. Foram analisados ​​estatisticamente cinco variáveis ​​relacionadas aos hábitos de atividade física: frequência de atividade física, local de práticas, motivações para a prática, nível de condicionamento físico percebido, e frequência de participação em eventos populares. Dos participantes, 76,8% disseram que se envolver em atividade física semanal. Melhorar fitness/saúde (34,63%) e entretenimento (26,52%) foram os principais motivos para a prática de atividade física. Idade e nacionalidade são um fator de diferenciação sobre os hábitos de atividade física...

"Hábitos de actividad física en un evento deportivo europeo: Un estudio de caso." El objetivo de este estudio es conocer los hábitos de actividad física de los participantes en un evento popular como el Día del Deporte Europeo, que se celebra simultáneamente en cinco países europeos (España, Italia, Chipre, Irlanda y Hungría) y medir la influencia de las variables sociodemográficas sobre esos hábitos. Este es un estudio transversal compuesto por una muestra de 856 participantes, estratificados por género, edad y nacionalidad. Se analizaron estadísticamente cinco variables relacionadas con los hábitos de actividad física: frecuencia de práctica de actividad física, lugar de práctica, motivaciones de práctica, nivel de condición física percibido y frecuencia de asistencia a eventos populares. De los participantes, el 76,8% aseguraron que realizaban actividad física semanalmente. Mejorar la condición física/salud (34,63%) y el ocio y entretenimiento (26,52%) son las principales razones para la práctica de actividad física. Edad y nacionalidad son un factor diferenciante sobre los hábitos de actividad física...

Better noncommunicable disease outcomes: challenges and opportunities for health systems: Hungary country assessment

This report reviews health system challenges and opportunities in Hungary to scale up core services for the prevention, early diagnosis and management of diabetes. Diabetes is used in the report as a lens to assess the effectiveness of the health system in addressing the noncommunicable disease (NCD) burden. Although NCD mortality in general has been decreasing over the past 20 years, the prevalence of diabetes remains high and is growing. The report found good progress implementing innovative intersectorial nutrition policies including the Public Health Product Tax. At the same time, core individual services such as early detection and proactive management of diabetes and its complications require further efforts. The main barrier to better diabetes and NCD control in Hungary was found to be the lack of citizen empowerment; the population generally has a low level of health literacy and lacks the knowledge and skills to manage their own health. Other problems identified include a mismatch between the incentive system and the requirements for effective diabetes management, with current measures focusing on processes rather than outcomes. These challenges need to be addressed within a context of a shortage of human resources and a lack of standardized training in diabetes adapted to different cadres of health personnel. The report ends with six strategic recommendations to address these challenges.

Improving the lives of children and young people: case studies from Europe, volume 2: childhood

As part of the European review of social determinants of health and the health divide, experts were commissioned to write case studies addressing childhood and inequality. They identified promising developments with international resonance, described the issues they addressed and how they were led and put into operation, and set out the emerging evidence of their effectiveness.This diverse collection of case studies is presented in three volumes reflecting a “life-course” approach: Volume 2 addresses childhood, with examples from Armenia, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Norway and Poland and two European projects. Volumes 1 and 3 address the early years and school. Some of the case studies review major national policy developments and frameworks, others deal with specific national initiatives or with local projects driven by community organizations, and a few focus on transnational initiatives. They are not necessarily a comprehensive overview of childhood and health in the WHO European Region, but provide examples of innovative practice that will inform and inspire policy-makers, practitioners, managers, educators and researchers, committed to improving the lives of children and young people at country and European levels.

10 health questions about the 10

Ten countries joined the previously 15-member European Union (EU15) on 1 May 2004, creating EU25. The health status of the population varies among the new members, and sometimes between them and EU15. Similarly, their health systems show different patterns of development. How does each of the new EU members compare in terms of health to the old members? This book offers a quick and easy way to grasp the essential features of health and health systems in the 10 newcomers. Each chapter provides a concise overview of key health indicators in 1 of the 10, compares these indicators to EU15 averages, summarizes the key aspects of the country’s health system and describes what it has achieved after a decade of health reform. This book is not a comprehensive in-depth study, but an easy guide to the knowledge available. It offers valuable reading for anyone who wants to have a quick, straightforward and accurate entry point to understanding health in the 10 new EU member states.