Análisis de los resultados de un programa de calidad en cuidados paliativos para los óltimos días de vida: Diez aóos de experiencia / Analysis of the results of a palliative care quality program for the last days of life. Ten years of experience

Las secuencias integradas de cuidado para ó;ºltimos días de vida proponen estándares de calidad para optimizar la atenció;n de pacientes y familias. Se implementó; el Programa Asistencial Multidisciplinario Pallium (PAMPA©) basado en estándares del International Collaborative for Best Care for the Dying Person en cuatro fases: inducció;n, implementació;n, diseminació;n y sustentabilidad, en cinco centros de salud en Argentina, entre 2008 y 2018. Se incluyeron 1237 pacientes adultos en situació;n de ó;ºltimos días de vida, en seguimiento por equipos de cuidados paliativos entrenados en el PAMPA©. Se efectuó; una auditoría antes y despuó;©s de la ejecució;n del programa, aó;ºn en curso. El rango de medianas de permanencia en los cinco centros desde el inicio de la secuencia hasta el fallecimiento fue de 16 a 178 horas. Se compararon objetivos de cuidado: control de síntomas, comunicació;n, necesidades multidimensionales, hidratació;n y nutrició;n, documentació;n de intervenciones y cuidados post mortem. El análisis conjunto mostró; una mejoría del nó;ºmero de registros (p = 0.001). La comunicació;n del plan de cuidados con el paciente no mostró; diferencias (p = 0.173). Se realizó; capacitació;n y supervisió;n permanente a los equipos profesionales de quienes se registraron percepciones de la implementació;n. Los principales emergentes de este análisis cualitativo fueron: actitudes ante el programa, aportes fundamentales, fortalezas, debilidades y definició;n subjetiva del programa, reconocimiento de las singularidades culturales institucionales y su influencia en el cuidado. El PAMPA© demostró; la factibilidad de un modelo de atenció;n para pacientes y familias en final de vida, basado en estándares de calidad internacionales.

The integrated care pathways for the last days of life propose quality standards optimizing the care of patients and families. The Pallium Multidisciplinary Assistance Program (PAMPA©) was implemented based on standards of the International Collaborative for Best Care for the Dying Person in 4 phases: induction, implementation, dissemination and sustainability, in five health centres in Argentina, between 2008 and 2018. A total of 1237 adult patients in the last days of life were included and cared for by palliative care teams trained in PAMPA©. An audit was conducted before and after the implementation of the Program, which is still going on. The median range of follow up into five centres from the beginning of the pathway until death varied from 16 to 178 hours. Care goals were compared: symptom control, communication, multidimensional needs, hydration and nutrition, documentation of interventions and post-mortem care. The overall analysis showed an improvement in the number of records (p = 0.001). The goal of communication on care plan to the patient showed no difference (p = 0.173). Continuous training, support and permanent teams supervision were carried out and perceptions and impact of the implementation were registered. The main emerging items of the qualitative analysis were: attitudes towards the program, fundamental contributions, strengths, weaknesses and subjective definition of the program, recognition of institutional cultural singularities and its influence on care. PAMPA© demonstrated its feasibility as a model of end of life care for patients and families, based on international quality standards.

Avaliação da implantação de atividades de prevenção das DST/AIDS na atenção básica: um estudo de caso na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, Brasil / Evaluating the implementation of STD/AIDS prevention activities in primary health care facilities: a case study in Greater Metropolitan São Paulo, Brazil

Desde os anos 1990, a incorporação da prevenção das DST/AIDS na atenção básica é internacionalmente recomendada. No Brasil, investimentos para essa incorporação vêm sendo feitos pelo Ministério da Saúde. Esta pesquisa realiza uma avaliação da implantação dessas atividades, mediante estudo de caso em profundidade, realizado numa unidade de saúde da família da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. Analisam-se o conjunto das atividades da unidade e aquelas específicas de prevenção das DST/AIDS, por meio de observações diretas e entrevistas semi-estruturadas com profissionais do serviço. Verifica-se que o perfil tecnológico da unidade se assemelha ao dos tradicionais serviços da atenção básica brasileiros, apresentando limitado potencial de concretização do princípio da integralidade. Incorporam-se atividades de prevenção das DST/ AIDS, porém esvaziadas de importantes sentidos tecnológicos, como o diálogo e a atenção à singularidade dos usuários. Esta e outras características revelam um tensionamento entre as propostas tecnológicas do programa e o perfil tecnológico atual da atenção básica. Entretanto, a explicitação desse tensionamento pode favorecer a reflexão sobre novos valores no cotidiano da atenção básica, potencializando a concretização de arranjos tecnológicos mais integrais.

Since the 1990s, international guidelines have recommended the incorporation of STD/AIDS prevention in primary care. In Brazil, the Ministry of Health has made investments to include such preventive activities. This in-depth case study is an evaluation of the implementation of these activities in a family health unit in Greater Metropolitan São Paulo. The study analyzed the unit's activities as a whole and the specific STD/ AIDS prevention activities by means of direct observations and semi-structured interviews with the unit's professional health staff. The unit's technological characteristics were similar to those of traditional Brazilian primary care services, with limited potential for achieving the principle of comprehensive care. STD/AIDS prevention activities had been incorporated, but were devoid of important technological meanings like dialogue and specific attention to users' uniqueness. This characteristic and others reveal a tension between the program's technological proposals and the current technological profile of primary care. However, the identification of this tension could favor reflection on new values in routine primary care, thereby favoring the achievement of more comprehensive technological arrangements.

Impacto del plan AUGE en el tratamiento de pacientes con infarto agudo al miocardio con supradesnivel ST, en hospitales chilenos / The impact of Chilean health reform in the management and mortality of ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in Chilean hospitals

Background: In 2005 the Chilean government started a health care reform (AUGE) that guarantees medical treatment for acute myocardial infarction. Aim: To quantify the impact ofAUGE on the management and inhospital mortality of STEMI in a group of Chilean hospitals. Material and methods: Three thousand five hundred and forty six patients with STEMI from 10 hospitals that perform thrombolysis as the main reperfusion therapy were analyzed. We compared demographic and clinical characteristics, hospital treatments and revascularization proceduresin two periods: before (2,623 patients) and after AUGE implementation (906 patients). Logistic regression was used to assess inhospital mortality according to AUGE in the entire sample and stratified by risk groups. Results: We found no differences in demographic and clinical characteristics between the two groups. During AUGE threre was a significant increase in the use of thrombolysis (50 percent to 60.5 percent), which was associated to an increase of hypotension from 29 percent to 35 percent (p <0.02) and minor bleedings, from 1.6 percent to 3.4 percent (p <0.001). After A UGE there was a significant increase in the use ofbeta blockers (65 percent to 75 percent), angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (70 percent to 76 percent), statins (48 percent to 58 percent), and aspirin (96 percent to 97.5 percent) (p <0.05). Global inhospital mortality decreased from 12.0 percent to 8.6 percent (p <0.003) and from 10.6 percent to 6.8 percent (p <0.005) in patients treated with thrombolytics. The adjusted odds ratio for inhospital mortality comparing after and before AUGE, was 0.64 (IC 95 percent, 0,47-0.86). Conclusions: The implementation ofAUGE has been successful in reducing inhospital mortality of STEMI This has been achieved through a better use of evidence based medicine and reperfusion strategies.

La implementación del Plan de Acceso Universal y Garantías Explícitas (Plan AUGE) ha deteriorado la calidad del tratamiento de pacientes con insuficiencia renal terminal / Effects of the implementation of Universal Access with Explicit Guaranties (AUGE) Plan on the quality of care of patients with terminal renal failure

Background: The implementation of the AUGE plan for renal failure in Chile in August 2002, generated larger waiting list for outpatient care. Aim: To analyze the incidence of terminal renal failure, the proportion of patients that were admitted to hemodialysis using a definitive vascular access and the lapse of use of transitory catheters, before and after the implementation of AUGE in Calama. Material and Mehtods: Since 1999, in a dialysis center of Calama, all new patients that are admitted to hemodialysis and the type of vascular access they have are registered. Using this registry, the incidence of terminal renal failure and the lapse between the admission to the center and the installation of a definitive vascular access were calculated for the period 2000 to 2005. Results: From January 2000 to December 2003, the incidence of terminal renal failure was stable in 190 ± 21 patients per million inhabitants (ppmh). It decreased between January and September 2004 to 124 ± 18.6. Afterwards, it progressively increased to 221 ± 21 ppmh. In the study period, the proportion of patients admitted to hemodialysis with a definitive access decreased from 63 to 10 percent (p<0.01) and the mean lapse of transitory catheter use, increased from 32.9 ± 42.6 to 73.1 ± 80.4 days (p<0.01). Conclusions: The implementation of AUGE for chronic renal failure reduced the quality of care of patients admitted to hemodialysis.

Para la vida: aprender a salvar / For life: learn to save

El tema de la salud boliviana de acuerdo a la necesidad de la población. La salud de las familias bolivianas es difundida y aplicada por las Fuerzas Armadas. El enfoque enmarca la alimentación de la madre y el niño, la salud Materno-Infantil esta constituye 6 mensajes para evitar la desnutrición del niño; además de ello enfoca el desarrollo infantil enmarcada en 8 mensajes básicos de salud. La vacuna es uno de las actividades preventivas enunciada en 4 mensajes. Otras enfermedades infecciosas para su prevención