Relación entre score de incontinencia fecal y hallazgos ecográficos en pacientes con antecedente de trauma obstétrico / Relationship between faecal incontinence score and ultrasound findings in patients with a history of obstetric trauma

Introducción: La incontinencia anal es una compleja y devastadora patología que altera la calidad de vida de los pacientes, cuya etiología más común es la lesión esfintérica postparto vaginal. A la hora de clasificar la incontinencia, el score descripto por Jorge y Wexner es el más utilizado en nuestro medio. La ecografía endoanal ha sido definida como el gold standard para evaluar los defectos del esfínter anal. Objetivo: Determinar la correlación entre los hallazgos clínicos y ecográficos en pacientes con incontinencia fecal de causa obstétrica. Material y Métodos: Población: pacientes que consultaron en el Centro Privado de Cirugía y Coloproctología entre enero de 2015 y diciembre de 2017 por incontinencia fecal con antecedentes de trauma obstétrico y a las que se les realizó una ecografía endoanal 360° y score de Jorge y Wexner. Resultados: Se evaluaron 24 pacientes. La media de edad fue de 56 años. El número de partos en promedio fue 2,3 y el Score de Wexner en promedio fue 9.7 (±5.2). La ecografía endoanal confirmó alteración esfintérica por afinamiento o interrupción en el 100% de los pacientes. Se observó una tendencia a una asociación negativa entre el Score de Wexner y la ecografía endoanal (r=-0.328, p=0.067). Las pacientes con menor grado de lesión esfinteriana por ecografía tenían mayor severidad en el Score de Wexner que las pacientes con mayor grado de lesión. Las pacientes con evidencia ecográfica de lesiones leves refirieron un mayor Score de Wexner que aquellas con lesiones severas. Conclusión: En este trabajo no existió correlación entre los hallazgos ecográficos y el score de incontinencia. Si bien la ecografía esfintérica es el gold standard para evaluar daño muscular, la terapéutica no debe ser determinada solamente por la ecografía. Tipo de estudio: Retrospectivo, transversal y descriptivo.

Introduction: Anal incontinence is a complex and devastating pathology that alters the patient's quality of life, whose most common etiology is vaginal postpartum sphincter injury. To classify incontinence, the score described by Jorge and Wexner is the most used in our environment. Endoanal ultrasound has been defined as the gold standard for evaluating anal sphincter defects. Objective: To determine the correlation between clinical and ultrasound findings in patients with fecal incontinence due to obstetric cause. Material and Methods: Population: patients who consulted at the Private Center of Surgery and Coloproctology between January 2015 and December 2017 due to fecal incontinence with a history of obstetric trauma and who underwent a 360º endoanal ultrasound and a Jorge and Wexner score. Results: Twenty-four patients were evaluated. The average age was 56 years. The number of births on average was 2.3 and the Wexner Score on average was 9.7 (± 5.2). Endoanal ultrasound confirmed sphincter alteration by refining or interruption in 100% of patients. A tendency to a negative association was observed between the Wexner Score and the endoanal ultrasound (r = -0.328, p = 0.067). Patients with a lower degree of sphincter injury by ultrasound had greater severity in the Wexner Score than patients with a higher degree of injury. Patients with ultrasound evidence of mild lesions reported a higher Wexner Score than those with severe lesions. Conclusion: In this work, there was no correlation between the sonographic findings and the incontinence score. Although sphincter ultrasonography is the gold standard for assessing muscle damage, therapy should not be determined only by ultrasound. Type of study: Retrospective, cross-sectional and descriptive.

Fatores preditivos de insucesso do biofeedback para tratamento da incontinência fecal em mulheres / Predictors of unsuccessful of treatment for fecal incontinence biofeedback for fecal incontinence in female

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Biofeedback is an effective method of treatment for fecal incontinence but there is controversy regarding factors that may be correlated with its effectiveness. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of biofeedback in the treatment of fecal incontinence, identifying the predictive factors for unsuccessful treatment. METHODS: Consecutive female patients who had fecal incontinence and were treated with a full course of biofeedback were screened. The symptoms were evaluated using Cleveland Clinic incontinence (CCF) score before and six months after the completion of therapy. Patients had a satisfactory clinical response to biofeedback if the CCF score had decreased by more than 50% at six months (GI) and an unsatisfactory response if the CCF score did not decrease or if the score decreased by <50% (GII). The groups were compared with regard to age, score, anal resting and squeeze pressures and sustained squeeze pressure by manometry, history of vaginal delivery, number of vaginal deliveries, menopause, hysterectomy, and previous anorectal surgery. RESULTS: Of 124 women were included, 70 (56%) in GI and 54 (44%) in GII. The median CCF score decreased significantly from 10 to 5 (P=0.00). FI scores were higher in GII. Patients from GII had more previous vaginal deliveries and previous surgeries. The mean sustained squeeze pressure was higher in GI. Patients from GI and GII had similar ages, number of vaginal deliveries, menopause, hysterectomy, anal pressures, and sphincter defects. The median sustained squeeze pressure increased significantly before and after biofeedback in GI. CONCLUSION: Biofeedback therapy shows effective treatment with 50% reductions in FI score in half of patients. Factors associated with unsuccessful outcome include FI score ≥10, previous vaginal delivery, previous anorectal and/or colorectal surgery, and reduced mean sustained squeeze pressure.

RESUMO CONTEXTO: Biofeedback é um método eficaz de tratamento para a incontinência fecal. No entanto, há controvérsias sobre fatores que podem ser correlacionados com a sua eficácia. Objetivo - Avaliar a eficácia do biofeedback no tratamento da incontinência fecal (IF), identificando os fatores preditivos relacionados ao insucesso do tratamento. MÉTODOS: Consecutivos pacientes do sexo feminino com IF e submetidos a terapia com biofeedback que aceitaram participar do estudo foram incluídos. Os sintomas foram avaliados utilizando o escore de incontinência da Cleveland Clinic-CCF antes e seis meses após termino da terapia. Os pacientes com resposta satisfatória ao biofeedback apresentaram redução no escore de IF ≥50% (GI) e resposta insatisfatória a redução no escore de IF <50% (GII) em seis meses. Os grupos foram comparados de acordo com a idade, escore, pressões anais quantificada pela manometria anorretal (repouso, contração e capacidade de sustentação em 30 segundos), parto vaginal prévio, número de partos vaginais, menopausa, histerectomia e cirurgia anorretal e/ou colorretal prévia. RESULTADOS: Total de 124 mulheres incluídas, 70 (56%) em GI e 54 (44%) em GII. A mediana do CCF escore reduziu significativamente de 10 para 5 (P=0.00). FI escore foi mais elevado no GII, assim como foi observado o maior número de mulheres submetidas a partos vaginais e cirurgias prévias. A pressão média de contração foi significante maior no GI. No entanto, idade, número de partos vaginais, menopausa, histerectomia, pressões anais e presença de defeito esfincteriano foram similares nos dois grupos. A pressão média de sustentação mantida por 30 seg aumentou significamente comparando pré com pós biofeedback no GI. CONCLUSÃO: O biofeedback é um tratamento eficaz com redução em 50% no escore de IF em mais da metade dos pacientes. Os fatores associados ao insucesso do tratamento incluem o escore de IF ≥10, parto vaginal prévio, cirurgia anorretal prévia e pressão média de sustentação reduzida.