As repercussões causadas pela incontinência urinária na qualidade de vida do idoso / The urinary incontinence repercussions towards the elderly's life quality / La repercusión causados por incontinencia urinaria en calidad de vida de anciano

Objetivo: Analisar as repercussões causadas pela incontinência urinária na qualidade de vida dos idosos. Métodos: Pesquisa descritiva e exploratória, com abordagem qualitativa, composta por 12 idosos. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas, em um ambulatório de urologia e ginecologia de um hospital público/escola de referência em Teresina. Os dados foram interpretados pela análise temática de conteúdo. Resultados: Os depoimentos originaram duas categorias: sentimentos negativos dos idosos com incontinência urinária e aspectos sociais que interferem na qualidade de vida dos idosos com incontinência urinária. Conclusão: A incontinência urinária nos idosos é uma patologia pouco discutida nas consultas, a baixa escolaridade dos idosos influencia na demora em procurar o tratamento para a doença e esclarecimento da mesma. Há a necessidade de um olhar diferenciado por parte dos profissionais de saúde para os idosos acometidos com esta patologia

Objective: The study's aim has been to analyze the urinary incontinence repercussions towards the elderly's life quality. Methods: It is a descriptive-exploratory study with a qualitative approach, which was comprised by 12 participants from both genders. The research scenario was a urology and gynecology ambulatory from a large public hospital/school that performs procedures of high complexity and etiology in Teresina city, Piauí State. Data analysis occurred through the thematic content analysis. Results: The statements gave rise to two categories, as follows: the elderly's negative feelings related to urinary incontinence; and, the social aspects that impact in the quality of life of elderly people bearing urinary incontinence. Conclusion: The urinary incontinence in elderly people is a poorly discussed pathology during consultations. Furthermore, the elderly's low level of education ends up influencing them in realizing the necessity of looking for understanding and treatment about the disease. Conclusively, health professionals must have a different perspective with regards to the elderly people bearing this pathology

Objetivo: Analizar las repercusiones causadas por la incontinencia urinaria en la calidad de vida de los ancianos. Métodos: Investigación descriptiva y exploratoria, con abordaje cualitativo, compuesta por 12 ancianos. La recolección de datos fue realizada por medio de entrevistas, en un ambulatorio de urología y ginecología de un hospital público / escuela de referencia en Teresina. Los datos fueron interpretados por el análisis temático de contenido. Resultados: Los testimonios originaron dos categorías: sentimientos negativos de los ancianos con incontinencia urinaria y aspectos sociales que interfieren en la calidad de vida de los ancianos con incontinencia urinaria. Conclusión: La incontinencia urinaria en los ancianos es una patología poco discutida en las consultas, la baja escolaridad de los ancianos influye en la demora en buscar el tratamiento para la enfermedad y aclaración de la misma. Hay necesidad de una mirada diferenciada por parte de los profesionales de la salud para los ancianos afectados con esta patología

"Total reconstruction" of the urethrovesical anastomosis contributes to early urinary continence in laparoscopic radical prostatectomy

ABSTRACT Purpose: To demonstrate the effect of total reconstruction technique on postoperative urinary continence after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP). Material and Methods: LRP was performed using a standard urethrovesical anastomosis in 79 consecutive patients (Group-A) from June 2011 to October 2012, and a total reconstruction procedure in 82 consecutive patients (Group-B) from June 2012 to June 2013. The primary outcome measurement was urinary continence assessed at 1, 2, 4, 12, 24 and 52 weeks after catheter removal. Other data recorded were patient age, body mass index, International Prostate Symptoms Score, prostate volume, preoperative PSA, Gleason score, neurovascular bundle preservation, operation time, estimated blood loss, complications and pathology results. Results: In Group-A, the continence rates at 1, 2, 4, 12, 24 and 52 weeks were 7.59%, 20.25%, 37.97%, 58.22%, 81.01% and 89.87% respectively. In Group-B, the continence rates were 13.41%, 32.92%, 65.85%, 81.71%, 90.24% and 95.12% respectively. Group––B had significantly higher continence rates at 4 and 12 weeks after surgery (P<0.001 and P=0.001). There were no significant differences between the groups with respect to patient's age, body mass index, prostate-specific antigen level, prostate volume, IPSS, estimated blood loss, number of nerve-sparing procedures and postoperative complications. Conclusions: Total reconstruction technique in the procedure of urethrovesical anastomosis during LRP improved early recovery of continence.

Laparoscopic versus open radical prostatectomy in high prostate volume cases: impact on oncological and functional results

ABSTRACT Background and objective: To prospectively compare the laparoscopic versus open approach to RP in cases with high prostate volume and to evaluate a possible different impact of prostate volume. Materials and Methods: From March 2007 to March 2013 a total of 120 cases with clinically localized prostate cancer (PC) and a prostate volume>70cc identified for radical prostatectomy (RP), were prospectively analyzed in our institute. Patients were offered as surgical technique either an open retropubic or an intraperitoneal laparoscopic (LP) approach. In our population, 54 cases were submitted to LP and 66 to open RP. We analyzed the association of the surgical technique with perioperative, oncological and postoperative functional parameters. Results: In those high prostate volume cases, the surgical technique (laparoscopic versus open) does not represent a significant independent factor able to influence positive surgical margins rates and characteristics (p=0.4974). No significant differences (p>0.05) in the overall rates of positive margins was found, and also no differences following stratification according to the pathological stage and nerve sparing (NS) procedure. The surgical technique was able to significantly and independently influence the hospital stay, time of operation and blood loss (p<0.001). On the contrary, in our population, the surgical technique was not a significant factor influencing all pathological and 1-year oncological or functional outcomes (p>0.05). Conclusions: In our prospective non randomized analysis on high prostate volumes, the laparoscopic approach to RP is able to guarantee the same oncological and functional results of an open approach, maintaining the advantages in terms of perioperative outcomes.

Urine leak in minimally invasive partial nephrectomy: analysis of risk factors and role of intraoperative ureteral catheterization

Purpose To investigate risk factors for urine leak in patients undergoing minimally invasive partial nephrectomy (MIPN) and to determine the role of intraoperative ureteral catheterization in preventing this postoperative complication. Materials and Methods MIPN procedures done from September 1999 to July 2012 at our Center were reviewed from our IRB-approved database. Patient and tumor characteristics, operative techniques and outcomes were analyzed. Patients with evidence of urine leak were identified. Outcomes were compared between patients with preoperative ureteral catheterization (C-group) and those without (NC-group). Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to identify factors predicting postoperative urine leak. Results A total of 1,019 cases were included (452 robotic partial nephrectomy cases and 567 laparoscopic partial nephrectomy cases). Five hundred twenty eight patients (51.8%) were in the C-group, whereas 491 of them (48.2%) in the NC-group. Urine leak occurred in 31(3%) cases, 4.6% in the C-group and 1.4% in the NC-group (p<0.001). Tumors in NC-group had significantly higher RENAL score, shorter operative and warm ischemic times. On multivariable analysis, tumor proximity to collecting system (OR=9.2; p<0.01), surgeon’s early operative experience (OR=7.8; p<0.01) and preoperative moderate to severe CKD (OR=3.1; p<0.01) significantly increased the odds of the occurrence of a postoperative urine leak. Conclusion Clinically significant urine leak after MIPN in a high volume institution setting is uncommon. This event is more likely to occur in cases of renal masses that are close to the collecting system, in patients with preoperative CKD and when operating surgeon is still in the learning curve for the procedure. Our findings suggest that routine intraoperative ureteral catheterization during MIPN does not reduce the probability of postoperative urine leak. In addition, it adds to the overall ...

Pesquisa translacional em diabetes melito gestacional e hiperglicemia gestacional leve: conhecimento atual e nossa experiência / Translational research in gestational diabetes mellitus and mild gestational hyperglycemia: current knowledge and our experience

O diabetes materno constitui um ambiente desfavorável para o desenvolvimento embrionário e feto-placentário. É uma repercussão de importância na obstetrícia moderna, visto que está associado a um risco aumentado de morbidade materna e neonatal e continua a ser um desafio médico significativo. O aumento mundial na incidência do diabetes, o aumento do diabetes tipo 2 em mulheres em idade reprodutiva e a geração cruzada da programação intrauterina do diabetes tipo 2 são as bases para o interesse crescente na utilização de modelos experimentais diabéticos, a fim de obter conhecimento sobre os mecanismos que induzem as alterações de desenvolvimento no diabetes gestacional. Vários estudos têm demonstrado os benefícios da prevenção do diabetes com intervenções no estilo de vida, melhora metabólica e controle de fator de risco cardiovascular para evitar substancialmente as complicações devastadores da doença. Apesar desses achados e a revolução recente no conhecimento científico e infinidade de novas terapias do diabetes, continua a haver uma grande lacuna entre o que foi aprendido por meio da pesquisa e o que é feito na prática da saúde pública, clínica e comunitária. O iminente impacto econômico negativo dessa complacência nos indivíduos, nas famílias e nas economias nacionais é alarmante. Espera-se que a pesquisa translacional no binômio diabetes-gravidez seja implementada em centros de excelência tanto de pesquisa básica como aplicada e complementada por estudos clínicos multicêntricos, conduzidos de forma pragmática para aumentar o nível de evidência científica com recursos diagnósticos e propedêuticos mais confiáveis.

Maternal diabetes constitutes an unfavorable environment for fetal-placental and embryonic development. It is has important repercussion in modern obstetrics, since it is associated to an increased risk of neonatal and maternal morbidity, and it still is a significant medical challenge. The increased occurrence of diabetes worldwide, the increase in diabetes type 2 in women at reproductive age and the crossed generation of intrauterine programming for diabetes type 2 are the bases for the growing interest in utilization of diabetic experimental samples, with the aim to acquire knowledge about the mechanisms that induce development alterations in gestational diabetes. Several studies have shown the benefits of diabetes prevention, with interventions in lifestyle, metabolic improvement and control of cardiovascular risk factors to substantially prevent the complications of this devastating disease. Despite these findings, the recent revolution in the scientific knowledge, and the infinite number of new therapies for diabetes, there is still a large gap between what was learned through research and what is really done in public, clinical and community health. The negative economic impact of this complacency in people, families, and national economies is alarming. It is expected that translational research in the binomial diabetes and pregnancy are implemented in centers of excellence, in both basic and applied research, and complemented by multicenter clinical studies, conducted in a pragmatic way to increase the level of scientific evidence with more reliable diagnostic and propaedeutic resources.

Results of preoperative electrical stimulation of pelvic floor muscles in the continence status following radical retropubic prostatectomy

Purpose To evaluate preoperative rectal electrical stimulation in the recovery of urinary continence in patients who undergo radical retropubic prostatectomy. Materials and Methods Patients were divided into 3 randomized groups: control, pelvic exercises, and electrical stimulation. A 1 hour pad-test, the ICIQ-SF, and the SF-36 were performed 1, 3, and 6 months after the surgical procedure. Results Of the 58 patients who were initially included in the study, 9 were excluded due to radiotherapy after surgical intervention, an indwelling urethral catheter for more than 30 days, high surgical risk, loss of follow-up, or incomplete participation in the study routines and spontaneous interruption. Forty-nine patients concluded the study (15 in the control group, 17 in the exercise group, and 17 in the electrical stimulation group). We did not observe any significant difference in the pad test (p > 0.05), the 8 domains of the SF-36, or ICIQ-SF score compared with control groups (control, exercise, and electrical stimulation). Conclusion Preoperative rectal electrical stimulation has no impact on continence status in patients who undergo radical retropubic prostatectomy. There is no difference in the three above mentioned groups with regard to urinary leakage and quality of life. .

Oncological and functional outcomes following open radical prostatectomy: how patients may achieve the "trifecta"?

PURPOSE: The desirable outcomes after open radical prostatectomy (RP) for localized prostate cancer (PC) are to: a) achieve disease recurrence free, b) urinary continence (UC), and c) maintain sexual potency (SP). These 3 combined desirable outcomes we called it the "Trifecta". Our aim is to assess the likelihood of achieving the Trifecta, and to analyze the influencing the Trifecta . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 1738 men with localized PC underwent RP from 1992-2007 by a single surgeon. The exclusion criteria for this analysis were: preoperative hormonal or radiation therapy, preoperative urinary incontinence or erectile dysfunction, follow-up less than 24 months or insufficient data. Post-operative Trifecta factors were analyzed, including biochemical recurrence (BR).. We defined: BR as PSA > 0.2 ng/mL, urinary continence as wearing no pads, and sexual potency as having erections sufficient for intercourse with or without a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor. RESULTS: A total of 831 patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean age of the entire cohort was 59 years old. The median follow-up was 52 months (mean 60, range 24-202). The BR, UC and SP rates were 18.7 percent, 94.5 percent, and 71 percent respectively. Trifecta was achieved in 64 percent at 2 year follow-up, and 61 percent at 5 year follow-up. Multivariate analysis revealed age at time of surgery, pathologic Gleason score (PGS), pathologic stage, specimen weight, and nerve sparing (NS) were independent factors. CONCLUSIONS: Age at time of surgery, pathologic GS, pathologic stage, specimen weight and NS were independent predictors to achieve the Trifecta following radical prostatectomy. This information may help patients counseling undergoing radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer.

Avaliação dos fatores relacionados à ocorrência da incontinência urinária feminina / Evaluation of factors related to the occurrence of female urinary incontinence

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os fatores de risco relacionados à ocorrência da incontinência urinária feminina. MÉTODOS: Estudo caso-controle que incluiu 253 mulheres (102 incontinentes e 151 continentes) convidadas a responder a um questionário epidemiológico sobre possíveis fatores de risco para a incontinência urinária como: idade, estado hormonal, raça, Índice de Massa Corporal, paridade, tipos de partos (normais, fórcipes ou cesarianas), peso do maior recém-nascido, utilização de episiotomia e ou analgesia durante o parto, história de histerectomia, prática de atividade física, tabagismo, diabetes mellitus, constipação intestinal, história de asma brônquica e ou doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica, uso de diuréticos e ou antidepressivos. RESULTADOS: Foram encontrados, após a aplicação do modelo de regressão logística binária, como fatores de risco para a ocorrência de incontinência urinária: a idade [OR = 1,07 (IC 1,03 - 1,1)], o parto normal [OR = 1,5 (IC 1,1 - 12,0)], o parto fórcipe [OR = 35,0 (IC 3,7 - 327)] e o peso do maior recém-nascido [OR = 1,001 (IC 1 - 1,002)]. Além disso, identificamos como fator de proteção a cesariana [OR = 0,39 (IC 0,23 - 0,65)]. CONCLUSÃO: Os fatores de risco independentes para a ocorrência da incontinência urinária foram idade, parto normal, parto fórcipe e peso do maior recém-nascido e, como fator de proteção, a cesariana.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the risk factors related to occurrence of female urinary incontinence. METHODS: A case-control study that included 253 women (102 continent and 151 incontinent) invited to respond to an epidemiological questionnaire on possible risk factors for urinary incontinence. They were age, hormone status, race, body mass index, parity, types of deliveries (normal, forceps or cesarean), weight of largest newborn, use of episiotomy and / or analgesia during labor, history of hysterectomy, physical activity, smoking, diabetes mellitus, constipation, history of bronchial asthma and / or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, use of diuretics and / or antidepressants. RESULTS: After application of binary logistic regression model we found, as risk factors for occurrence of urinary incontinence: age [OR = 1.07 (CI 1.03 to 1.1)], vaginal delivery [ OR = 1.5 (CI 1.1 to 12.0)], forceps delivery [OR = 35.0 (CI 3.7 to 327)] and weight of largest newborn [OR = 1.001 (CI 1 - 1.002)]. Furthermore, we identified as a protective factor cesarean delivery [OR = 0.39 (CI 0.23 to 0.65)]. CONCLUSION: The independent risk factors for occurrence of urinary incontinence included age, vaginal delivery, forceps delivery and weight of largest infant and as a protective factor, cesarean section delivery.

Incontinência urinária no idoso / Aged urinary incontinence

A incontinência urinária é freqüente no idoso. Sua presença produz múltiplos problemas médicos, psicológicos e sócio-econômicos, afetando de forma significativa qualidade de vida do idoso. A IU contribui para a ocorrência de doenças, transtornos psicológicos e psiquiátricos, transtornos de relacionamento familiar e social, isolamento social e de institucionalização