Correção cirúrgica de aneurismas saculares de fístula arteriovenosa para hemodiálise utilizando a técnica de aneurismorrafia / Surgical repair of saccular aneurysms of an arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis using aneurismorraphy technique

Uma das complicações mais frequentes da fístula arteriovenosa (FAV) para hemodiálise é o desenvolvimento de um aneurisma. A formação de aneurismas geralmente decorre de um enfraquecimento da parede venosa devido às repetidas punções, e sua rotura causa hemorragia intensa que pode levar à morte. Descrevemos o caso de uma paciente com dois aneurismas saculares de FAV, tratados através de aneurismorrafia, detalhando a técnica cirúrgica utilizada e a evolução pós-operatória. A técnica de rafia simples da parede constitui uma boa alternativa no reparo da parede da FAV quando o aneurisma é de curta extensão, evitando a colocação de um material protético e a confecção de duas anastomoses.

One of the most common complications of arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) is aneurysm formation due to weakening of the venous wall after repeated punctures. Its rupture causes severe bleeding that can lead to death. We report the case of a patient with two AVF saccular aneurysms treated by aneurysmorrhaphy. The technique and the postoperative follow-up are presented in detail. Aneurysmorrhaphy is a good option to repair the AVF wall when the aneurysmal segment is short, thus avoiding the placement of prosthetic grafts and the performance of two anastomoses.

A single center 14 years study of infectious complications leading to hospitalization of patients with primary antibody deficiencies

Primary antibody deficiencies (PADs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders, characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia and increased susceptibility to bacterial infections, leading to hospitalizations. This study was performed to determine the main infectious causes of hospital admissions in selective Iranian patients with PADs. Forty patients with PADs, who were admitted to the Infectious Ward of Children's Medical Center Hospital during a 14-year period, were reviewed in this study. There were 115 documented episodes of hospital admission during a 14-year period. The average length of hospital stay was 33.30 ± 25.72 days. Pneumonia was the most prominent infection leading to hospitalization among these patients (n = 48), followed by gastroenteritis (n = 23). Other less frequent causes of hospitalization were fever and neutropenia, septic arthritis, encephalitis, orbital cellulitis, sepsis, urinary tract infection, meningitis, oral ulcer, and lung abscess. The most common causative organisms of diarrhea were: Giardia lamblia, followed by Candida albicans, and Salmonella sp. Many patients with PADs suffer from repeated infections leading to hospitalization, in spite of immunoglobulin replacement therapy. Respiratory tract infections were the prominent cause of hospitalization among studied patients, followed by gastrointestinal infections.

Complicaciones Infecciosas en Niños Receptores de Trasplante Hematopoýético Alogénico en Seguimiento Ambulatorio / Infectious Complications of Children Receiving Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation on Ambulatory Follow up

Las infecciones representan una complicación frecuente y potencialmente grave para los receptores de trasplante hematopoyético alogénico (THA). El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las complicaciones infecciosas diagnosticadas durante el seguimiento ambulatorio de niños receptores de THA. Desde mayo del 2003 a junio del 2005 se estudiaron en forma prospectiva 100 episodios consecutivos de sospecha de un proceso infeccioso en 48 pacientes, el 75 por ciento eran varones, la mediana de edad fue de 5 años, la mediana del tiempo transcurrido desde el trasplante a la presentación del episodio infeccioso fue de 5 meses. . En el 50 por ciento había antecedente de enfermedad injerto contra huésped (EICH) aguda y en el 18 por ciento de EICH crónica. En 23 episodios el motivo de consulta fue fiebre sin foco. En los 77 episodios con foco predominó el compromiso respiratorio, seguido del compromiso cutaneo mucoso y en tercer lugar el compromiso enteral. Pudo documentarse la etiología en 40 episodios. Predominaron las enfermeddes virales, pero hubo 6 casos de bacteriemia y uno de fungemia. La ausencia de foco fue un factor de riesgo de hemocultivos positivos (OR 1,8; IC95 por ciento: 0,05-3,57;p=0,04). En 25 por ciento de los episodios de diarrea se diagnosticó EICHa. Un paciente con shock séptico por S. pneumoniae falleció y el resto evolucionó favorablemente. Conclusiones: La sospecha de infección durante el primer año luego de un THA representa una situación de grave riesgo por la probabilidad de bacteriemia asociada a neuomopatía. El período de riesgo se extiende por muchos años en los pacientes con EICHc