Causes of abortion, stillbirth, and perinatal mortality in horses / Causas de aborto, natimortalidade e morte perinatal em equinos

Causes of abortion, stillbirth, and perinatal mortality in horses were investigated in the Department of Veterinary Pathology of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (SPV-UFRGS) from 2000 to 2015. In this period, 107 cases were analyzed using macroscopic, microscopic, and complementary tests. Of these, 77 were aborted fetuses, 16 were stillbirths, and 14 were perinatal deaths. Conclusive diagnosis was established in 42.8% of the fetuses analyzed, with 28.6% classified as infectious origin, 9.1% as non-infectious, and 5.1% as other. Bacterial infections, especially those related to Streptococcus spp. were the most frequently observed. In stillborn foals, diagnosis was established in 62.5% of cases, and 50% of these were related to non-infectious causes, such as dystocia and birth traumas. As for perinatal mortality, a conclusive diagnosis was reached in 78.57% of cases, and infectious causes associated with bacterial infections accounted for 64.1% of these diagnoses.(AU)

Causas de aborto, natimortalidade e mortalidade perinatal em equinos foram investigadas no Setor de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (SPV-UFRGS) durante o período de 2000 a 2015. Nesse período, foram analisados 107 casos através de exames macroscópico, microscópico e exames complementares, desses 77 correspondiam a fetos abortados, 16 natimortos e 14 mortes perinatais. Diagnóstico conclusivo foi estabelecido em 42,8% dos fetos analisados e classificados como origem infecciosa em 28,6% dos casos, não infecciosa com 9,1% e outros com 5,1% dos casos. As infecções bacterianas, em especial as relacionadas a Streptococcus spp. foram as mais frequentemente observadas. Em potros natimortos, diagnostico foi estabelecido em 62,5% dos casos, e destes, 50% foram relacionados a causas não infecciosas, como distocia e traumas durante o parto. Quanto a mortalidade perinatal, em 78,57% dos casos houve um diagnostico conclusivo, e as causas infecciosas associadas a infecções bacterianas corresponderam a 64,1% desses diagnósticos.(AU)

Causes of abortion, stillbirth, and perinatal mortality in horses / Causas de aborto, natimortalidade e morte perinatal em equinos

Causes of abortion, stillbirth, and perinatal mortality in horses were investigated in the Department of Veterinary Pathology of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (SPV-UFRGS) from 2000 to 2015. In this period, 107 cases were analyzed using macroscopic, microscopic, and complementary tests. Of these, 77 were aborted fetuses, 16 were stillbirths, and 14 were perinatal deaths. Conclusive diagnosis was established in 42.8% of the fetuses analyzed, with 28.6% classified as infectious origin, 9.1% as non-infectious, and 5.1% as other. Bacterial infections, especially those related to Streptococcus spp. were the most frequently observed. In stillborn foals, diagnosis was established in 62.5% of cases, and 50% of these were related to non-infectious causes, such as dystocia and birth traumas. As for perinatal mortality, a conclusive diagnosis was reached in 78.57% of cases, and infectious causes associated with bacterial infections accounted for 64.1% of these diagnoses.

Causas de aborto, natimortalidade e mortalidade perinatal em equinos foram investigadas no Setor de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (SPV-UFRGS) durante o período de 2000 a 2015. Nesse período, foram analisados 107 casos através de exames macroscópico, microscópico e exames complementares, desses 77 correspondiam a fetos abortados, 16 natimortos e 14 mortes perinatais. Diagnóstico conclusivo foi estabelecido em 42,8% dos fetos analisados e classificados como origem infecciosa em 28,6% dos casos, não infecciosa com 9,1% e outros com 5,1% dos casos. As infecções bacterianas, em especial as relacionadas a Streptococcus spp. foram as mais frequentemente observadas. Em potros natimortos, diagnostico foi estabelecido em 62,5% dos casos, e destes, 50% foram relacionados a causas não infecciosas, como distocia e traumas durante o parto. Quanto a mortalidade perinatal, em 78,57% dos casos houve um diagnostico conclusivo, e as causas infecciosas associadas a infecções bacterianas corresponderam a 64,1% desses diagnósticos.

Morbilidad de Faringitis Aguda Estreptocócica en el Dispensario del Seguro Social Campesino Llimpe Grande Enero - Junio 2019 / Acute Streptococcal Pharyingitis Morbidity in the Llimpe Grande Peasant Social Security Dispensary January - June 2019

La faringitis bacteriana es una enfermedad infectocontagiosa que históricamente ha afectado al ser humano durante cualquier etapa de su vida, resultando un área de estudió de importancia para la salud pública.Esta investigaciónpresenta el reporte epidemiológico de morbilidad de Faringitis Aguda Estreptocócica (FAE) atendidos en el dispensario del Seguro Social Campesino Llimpe Grande durante los meses de enero a julio del año 2019. Esto se logró, en dos fases apartir de la revisión de 2538 registros de morbilidad atendidos en el periodo de estudio, correlacionando los caracteres diagnósticos clínicos con la resolución de casos posterior a la indicación del tratamiento con terapia de antibióticos, información levantada a partir del 10% de historias clínicas, corroborando la misma con la población médica (n=9).La información fue analizada en Excel para la determinación de intervalos de confianza apoyado en estadística descriptiva.La FAE en el caso de Ecuador se asocia ala época húmeda, con prevalencia hacia el sexo femenino (Rm=0,2) para el periodo en estudio. Sintomatología:úvula inflamada enrojecida, petequias suaves, náuseas, dolor abdominal degarganta. Los casos se presentan en todas las edades con predominio en el grupo de 18 a 64 años. El 100% de los casos respondieron a la terapia de antibióticos solo un 1,14% no respondió a la antibioterapia por abandonar en forma tempranael mismo.Aún quedan preguntas por responder, por lo que hacemos un llamado a la comunidad científica en general a realizar acciones tendentes a optimizar los registros FAE, robusteciendo a futuro los reporte epidemiológico(AU)

Bacterial pharyngitis is an infectious disease that has historically affected humans during any stage of their life, resulting in an area of study of importance for public health. This research presents the epidemiological report of morbidity of Acute Streptococcal Pharyngitis (AED) treated at the Llimpe Grande Peasant Social Security dispensary during the months of January to July 2019. This was a chieved, in two phases, from there view of 2538 morbidity records attended in the study period, correlating the clinical diagnostic characteristics with there solution of cases after the indication of treat ment with antibiotic therapy, information gathered from the 10% of medical records, corroborating the same with the medical population (n = 9). The information was analyzed in Excel for the determination of confidence intervals supported by descriptive statistics. FAE in the case of Ecuador is associated with the wetseason, with a prevalence tow ards the female sex (Rm = 0.2) for the period understudy. Symptoms: red swollenuvula, mildpetechiae, nausea, abdominal sorethroat. Cases occur in all ages with a predominance in the 18 to 64 age group. 100% of the cases responded to antibiotictherapy, only 1.14% did not respond to antibiotic therapy dueto abandoning it early. There are still questions to be answered, so we call on the scientific community in general to take action saimed at optimizing AED records, streng the ning the epidemiological reports in the future(AU)

Factores de riesgo de la neumonía intrahospitalaria en la unidad de cuidados intensivos del Hospital Guayaquil Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón 2017-2018 / Risk factors that affect the increase of intrahospital pneumonia in the intensive care unit of the Guayaquil Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontoon Hospital 2017-2018

La neumonía intrahospitalaria es la segunda infección más frecuente, considerada un problema de salud pública. Su continuidad aumenta como consecuencia de los avances tecnológicos de la medicina. El objetivo del estudio es determinar los factores de riesgo que inciden en el incremento de neumonía intrahospitalaria en pacientes adultos de la Unidad de Cuidados intensivos del Hospital de Especialidades Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón. El diseño del estudio corresponde a una investigación de tipo cuantitativa, descriptiva de corte transversal, la muestra estuvo conformada por 135 pacientes de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del dicho hospital, la técnica empleada a partir de la observación es la recolección de información utilizando como instrumento una ficha o hoja de recolección de datos obtenidos de las historias clínicas de los pacientes. Los principales resultados muestran un 98% de gérmenes de tipo Gram negativas, siendo los que predominaron las Pseudomonas aeruginosa y Klebsiella pneumoniae, en los Gram positivos el Estaphilococos y Estreptococos. El tiempo de estadía del paciente en la UCI fue de 17 a 21 días y los factores de riesgo que incidieron en el incremento de neumonía intrahospitalaria, fueron la ventilación mecánica, el uso de métodos invasivos, el tratamiento con antibióticos, el tiempo de estancia hospitalaria y la permanencia con los dispositivos invasivos de entubación endotraqueal. Como solución al problema encontrado en la investigación se propone diseñar un protocolo se seguimiento y control, el cual va dirigido a la prevención, disminución de la neumonía nosocomial asociada a los factores de riesgos evaluados en el estudio(AU)

In-hospital pneumonia is the second most frequent infection, considered a public health problem. Its continuity increases as part of the technological advances of medicine. The objective of the study is to determine the factors that influence the increase of in-hospital pneumonia in adult patients of the Intensive Care Unit of the Specialties Hospital Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontoon. The design of the study corresponds to a quantitative, descriptive cross-sectional investigation, the sample consisted of 135 patients from the Intensive Care Unit of the hospital, the technique used from the observation is the collection of information on how use as a tool a data sheet or data collection sheet of patients' medical records. The main results are shown in 98% of the negative grammars types, being those that predominate the Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae, in the Gram positive the Staphylococci and Streptococci. The patient's stay in the ICU was from 17 to 21 days and the risk factors that influenced the increase in in-hospital pneumonia were mechanical ventilation, the use of invasive methods, treatment with antibiotics, length of hospital stay. And the permanence with the invasive devices of endotracheal intubation. As a result of the investigation, it is a monitoring and control protocol, which is aimed at prevention, the reduction of pneumonia and the risk factors evaluated in the study(AU)

Prevalence and factors associated with group B streptococcal colonization in pregnant women / Prevalência e fatores associados a colonização por estreptococo do grupo B em gestantes

Abstract Objectives: to estimate the prevalence and the factors associated with the colonization by group B streptococcus (GBS) in pregnant women from the urban area attended at health units in a municipality in northeastern Brazil. Methods: it is a cross-sectional study conducted from January 2017 to March 2018. Vagino-rectal swabs were collected from 210 pregnant women between 32 and 40 weeks of gestation. The swabs were seeded on 5% sheep blood agar and on chromogenic agar. For confirmatory identification of GBS, the CAMP test and latex agglutination were used. Descriptive analysis and univariate and multivariate association analysis were performed using a multinomial logistic model. Results: the prevalence of GBS colonization among pregnant women was 18.1% (n = 38), and a statistically significant association (p<0.05) was found for income and parity variables in the group of older women in the univariate analysis, and for skin color, age and parity in the final multivariate analysis. Conclusions: the prevalence of maternal colonization by GBS was similar to that described in other studies. Although some risk factors, such as skin color, age and parity, were associated with colonization, other studies are essential to establish more information on pregnant women more likely to be colonized by GBS.

Resumo Objetivos: estimar a prevalência e apontar fatores associados à colonização por estreptococos do grupo B (EGB) em gestantes da zona urbana atendidas em unidades de saúde de um município do nordeste do Brasil. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado entre janeiro de 2017 a março de 2018. Foram coletados swabs vaginorretais de 210 gestantes entre a 32 e 40 semanas de gestação. As amostras foram semeadas em ágar sangue de carneiro 5% e ágar cromogênico. Para identificação confirmatoria de EGB foram utilizados o teste de CAMP e aglutinação em látex. Foram realizadas análise descritiva, de associação univariada e multivariada utilizando modelo logístico multinomial. Resultados: a prevalência de colonização por EGB entre as gestantes foi de 18,1% (n=38), e as variáveis renda e paridade no grupo de mulheres mais velhas na análise univariada além de cor da pele, idade e paridade na análise multivariada final estiveram estatisticamente associadas ao desfecho (p<0,05). Conclusões: a prevalência da colonização materna pelo EGB mostrou-se semelhante às descritas em outros estudos. Apesar de alguns fatores de risco como cor da pele, idade e paridade estarem associados à colonização, outros estudos são fundamentais para se estabelecer maiores informações sobre as gestantes mais passíveis de colonização pelo EGB.

Prevalence of rectovaginal colonization by group B Streptococcus in pregnant women seen at prenatal care program of a health organization / Prevalência de colonização retovaginal por estreptococo do grupo B em gestantes de programa de atendimento pré-natal de instituição de saúde

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the prevalence of group B Streptococci in pregnant women of a corporate health program, as well as the epidemiological correlations. Methods This retrospective study used medical records of patients who participated of the prenatal care program at a private hospital in the city of São Paulo (SP), Brazil, from 2015 to 2016. Those who abandoned the program or had incomplete data in their medical records were excluded. Quantitative variables were described by means, standard deviations, median, minimal and maximal values. Parity and socioeconomic status were described by absolute frequency and percentages. We used logistic regression models in the software (SPSS) to analyze correlations of variables according to vaginal-rectal culture, considering a 95%CI and p-values. Variables were age, number of pregnancies, weight gain in pregnancy and gestational age at delivery. Results A total of 347 medical records were included, and after applying the exclusion criteria, 287 medical records composed the final sample. Patients' age ranged between 17 and 44 years. Mean age was 30.6 years, 67 patients had positive result for group B Streptococcus (prevalence of 23.3%; 95%CI: 18.7-28.5). Conclusion Considering the high prevalence of group B Streptococcus in our service, the antibiotic prophylaxis strategy based on rectovaginal culture screening approach seems to be cost-effective.

RESUMO Objetivo Identificar a prevalência de estreptococo do grupo B entre gestantes que frequentaram um programa de saúde corporativa, bem como as correlações com a colonização positiva. Métodos Estudo retrospectivo dos prontuários do pré-natal de um hospital privado em São Paulo, no período de 2015 a 2016. Foram excluídas as mulheres que abandonaram o programa ou apresentavam dados incompletos nos prontuários. As variáveis quantitativas foram descritas por média, desvios padrão, mediana, valores mínimos e máximos. A paridade e a condição socioeconômica foram descritos por frequência absoluta e percentagens. Utilizamos modelos de regressão logística no programa (SPSS) para analisar as correlações de variáveis de acordo com a cultura retovaginal, considerando IC95% e valores de p. As variáveis foram idade, número de gestações, peso ganho na gestação e idade gestacional no parto. Resultados Foram incluídos 347 prontuários e, após a aplicação dos critérios de exclusão, 287 prontuários compuseram a amostra final. A idade dos pacientes variou entre 17 e 44 anos. A média de idade foi de 30,6 anos, e 67 pacientes tiveram resultado positivo para o estreptococo do grupo B (prevalência de 23,3%; IC95%: 18,7-28,5). Conclusão Considerando a alta prevalência de estreptococos do grupo B em nosso serviço, existem evidências de que a estratégia de antibiótico profilaxia baseada na cultura retovaginal é custo-efetiva.

Chronic lacrimal canaliculitis - the answer to a three-year history of red eye / Canaliculite lacrimal crônica - a resposta para uma história de olho vermelho com 3 anos de evolução

ABSTRACT Chronic lacrimal canaliculitis is a rare infection of the lacrimal system, and can lead to misdiagnosis due to its overlapping presentation to other common entities. The authors report a case of lacrimal canaliculitis with a three-year history of recurrent unilateral red eye and mucopurulent discharge. Here, we describe the clinical course, surgical details, and microbial analysis of canaliculitis infection.

RESUMO A canaliculite lacrimal crónica é uma infecção rara do sistema lacrimal e pode levar a erros de diagnóstico devido à sua apresentação sobreposta a outras entidades comuns. Os autores relatam um caso de canaliculite lacrimal com história de três anos de olho vermelho unilateral recorrente e secreção mucopurulenta. Aqui, descrevemos o curso clínico, os detalhes cirúrgicos e a análise microbiológica da infecção por canaliculite.

Group B Streptococcus detection in pregnant women via culture and PCR methods

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Group B Streptococcus (GBS), a source of neonatal infection, colonizes the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts of pregnant women. Routine screening for maternal GBS in late pregnancy and consequent intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis have reduced the incidence of early-onset GBS neonatal infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of PCR, compared to culture (gold standard), in GBS colonization screening of pregnant women, and to establish the prevalence of GBS colonization among this population. METHODS: Vaginal introitus and perianal samples were collected from 204 pregnant women, between the 35th and 37th weeks of pregnancy, at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit of the University of Caxias do Sul General Hospital between June 2008 and September 2009. All samples were cultured after enrichment in a selective medium and then assayed by culture and PCR methods. RESULTS: The culture and PCR methods yielded detection rates of vaginal/perianal GBS colonization of 22.5% and 26%, respectively (sensitivity 100%; specificity 95.6%; positive and negative predictive values 86.8% and 100%, respectively). A higher prevalence of GBS colonization was detected in the combined vaginal and perianal samples by both culture and PCR assay analyses. CONCLUSIONS: PCR is a faster and more efficient method for GBS screening, allowing for optimal identification of women who should receive intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent newborn infection.

Colonización materna por streptococcus agalactiae (Sag) en Córdoba: aspectos epidemiológicos y microbiológicos

Marco Teórico: Entre las principales causas que explican la mortalidad en el recién nacido está las infecciones invasivas por Streptococcus agalactiae (Sag). En la patogénesis de la infección neonatal por Sag interviene la colonización asintomática del tracto genito-rectal de su madre así como los factores de virulencia bacterianos. Entre estos se destacan los antígenos polisacáridos (PLS) capsulares, que además permiten clasificar a Sag en serotipos (la Ib, II,III,IV,V,VI,VII,VIII, y IX). Diferentes estrategias de prevención se han implementado desde los '90. En nuestro país en el año 2008, la Ley Nacional 26.369 incorporó la modalidad de búsqueda universal en mujeres embarazadas y la administración de profilaxis intraparto (PIP) en casos positivos. Modalidad que tiene sus limitaciones, ya que solamente controla las infecciones de aparición temprana

Summary: Background: Invasive infections caused by Streptococcus agalactiae (Sag) constitute on of the main causes of mortality in newborn babies. Asymptomatic colonization of maternal genital and rectal tracts, as well as bacterial virulence factors, participates in the pathogenesis of neonatal infections by Sag. Among these it is important to highlight the presence of capsule polysaccharide (CPS) antigens, which in addition, allow classification of Sag into different serotypes (la Ib, II,II,IV,V,VI,VII,VIII and IX). Various prevention strategies have been implemented since the '90's. In Argentina, National Law 26369/2008 incorporated universal prenatal screening as well as the administration of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) in positive cases. However, this procedure has some limitations since it only alloes to control early-onset Sag infections

Condição bucal de pacientes cardiopatas internados no Hospital Santa Catarina de Blumenau / Buccal condition of cardiopatic patients admitted at Santa Catarina Hospital in Blumenau

Atualmente, têm-se enfatizado a relação das doenças bucais com as sistêmicas, principalmente as cardiopatias. A higiene bucal dos pacientes internados também é essencial para evitar a proliferação de bactérias e fungos, que, além de prejudicar a saúde bucal e o bem-estar do paciente, pode propiciar outras infecções e doenças sistêmicas. Objetivo: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar a condição bucal de pacientes cardiopatias internados no Hospital Santa Catarina, de Blumenau/SC, no período de abril de 2011 a janeiro de 2012. Métodos: A condição clínica foi avaliada mediante os seguintes indicadores: presença ou ausência de cálculo e placa visível clinicamente, situação de edentulismo (parcial ou total), presença de sinais clínicos visíveis de inflamação da mucosa gengival, presença de cárie dental e próteses fixas ou removíveis. Resultados: Foram avaliados 150 pacientes, cujas idades variaram entre 21 e 85 anos, sendo 52% do gênero masculino e, destes, 56% apresentaram a cardiopatia fluter atrial. Entre os pacientes, 98% apresentaram algum tipo de edentulismo, parcial ou total. Apenas 2% dos pacientes informaram que realizavam higienização oral três vezes ao dia, sendo observada inflamação gengival em 47,3%, presença de cálculo em 90% e placa visível em 96,66% dos pacientes. Quanto ao uso de próteses, 98% faziam uso de algum tipo: Conclusão: Concluiu-se que a condição de saúde bucal dos pacientes avaliados pode ser considerada alarmante, Com isso, constata-se como é importante a presença de uma equipe de profissionais da odontologia no ambiente hospitalar.

Currently it has been emphasized the link between oral and systemic disease, mainly the heart disease. The oral care of hospitalized patients is also essential to avoid the proliferation of bactéria and fungi, which, in addition to affecting the oral health and well-being of the patient, may provide other infections and systemic diseases. Objective: The purpose of this research was to analyze the buccal condition of cardiac patients at Santa Catarina Hospital of Blumenau - Santa Catarina. Methods: The clinical condition was evaluated using the following indicators: dental plaque and calculus clinically visible, edentulism sistuation (partial or complete), clinical inflammation signs of the gingival mucosa, presence of dental caries and removable and fixed dental prosthesis. Results: 150 patients between 21 and 85 years-old were ealuated, 52% were male and 56% of those had the atrial flutter heart disease. Among the patients, 98% had some kind of partial or complete edentulism. Only 2% of the patients informed that oral hygiene was performed three times a day, gingival inflammation was detected in 47.3%, calculus were detected in 90% and visible plaque in 96.66% of the patients. Regarding the use of dental prothesis, 98% were using some type. It may be concluded that theses patients have na oral health conditions which is very concerning. Conclusion: According to these results it is clear how importante the presence of a dental professional team is in the hospital.

Perfil clínico-epidemiológico de pacientes con endocarditis infecciosa, período 2003-2010 en el hospital de Temuco, Chile / Profile of patients with infective endocarditis admitted to a Chilean regional hospital

Background: Mortality due to infective endocarditis (IE) in Chile is close to 30%. Aim: To report the experience with patients admitted with the diagnosis of IE in a regional tertiary hospital. Material and Methods: Retrospective study of 107 patients aged 50 ± 16years (75% males) discharged with a definitive diagnosis of IE according to modified DUKE criteria, between years 2003 and 2010. Demographic variables, severity scores, clinical characteristics, bacteriology and hospital evolution were recorded. Results: Fifty nine percent of patients had concomitant cardiovascular problems. APACHE II and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores on admission were 8.4 ± 4.7 and 2.7 ± 2.8 respectively. Native valves were affected in 91% of cases (aortic and mitral valves in 62% and 50% of cases respectively). Prosthetic valves were affected in 9.3% of cases. Rheumatic heart disease was the predominant primary lesion in 10% of patients. Antibiotics were used in 45.1% before blood cultures were performed. In 68% of patients blood cultures were positive. S. viridans (30.8%), S.aureus (18.6%) and coagulase negative Streptocicci (5.6%) were the identified microorganisms. Intensive care unit admission was required in 48% of patients. Renal, heart and neurological deterioration was observed in 53, 34 and 14% of patients, respectively. Twenty percent of patients developed systemic embolism and 37% required heart surgery. Mean hospital stay was 28.3 ± 19.1 days and 27% of patients died. Conclusions: In this series of patients, IE has a high mortality. Most patients studied were admitted in bad conditions.

Streptococcus do grupo B em gestantes infectadas pelo HIV: políticas institucionais e taxas de infecção na américa latina e estudo da colononização, sorotipos e perfil de susceptibilidade antimicrobiana em uma corte de gestantes no rio de janeiro / Group B Streptococcus in HIV-infected pregnant women: institutional policies and infection rates in Latin America and the colononização study, serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility profile in a court of pregnant women in January

A prevenção da doença estreptocócica neonatal ainda não está efetivamente implementada em muitos centros no Brasil e na América Latina, e pouco se conhece da epidemiologia das infecções estreptocócicas em gestantes infectadas pelo HIV. Objetivos: O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a prevalência e fatores de risco associados à colonização pelo Estreptococo do Grupo B (EGB), em gestantes infectadas pelo HIV, identificar os sorotipos e o perfil de susceptibilidade antimicrobiana e, adicionalmente, descrever as políticas institucionais de prevenção à doença estreptocócica invasiva precoce em neonatos em centros de prevenção da transmissão vertical do HIV da América Latina. Métodos: A primeira etapa do projeto consistiu de um estudo seccional prospectivo em uma coorte de gestantes infectadas pelo HIV e seus recém-natos no Hospital Federal dos Servidores do Estado (HFSE) – Rio de Janeiro, e a segunda etapa compreendeu um inquérito epidemiológico das práticas e políticas de prevenção da doença neonatal estreptocócica em 12 Centros de prevenção da transmissão vertical do HIV da América Latina...

Resultados: A taxa global de colonização anovaginal nas gestantes da coorte do HFSE foi 31 por cento; os sorotipos predominantes foram Ib e Ia e todas as amostras positivas para EGB foram sensíveis à penicilina. No inquérito epidemiológico realizado nos Centros da América Latina, nove apresentaram políticas de prevenção para doença estreptocócica neonatal e sete centros realizavam o rastreio para EGB rotineiramente nas gestantes, com uma taxa de colonização anovaginal de 8,3 por cento. Conclusão: A taxa de colonização pelo EGB no HFSE foi alta e o sorotipo Ib foi o mais freqüente. Esforços para implementar políticas de prevenção da doença estreptocócica e vigilância continuada se fazem necessários para compreender melhor o impacto da colonização pelo EGB em gestantes infectadas pelo HIV e seus recém-natos na América Latina...

Tratamento ambulatorial da endocardite bacteriana estreptocócica / Ambulatory treatment of streptococcal bacterial endocarditis

A endocardite bacteriana é uma grave doença infecciosa cujo tratamento é tradicionalmente feito com o paciente internado. recebendo medicação intravenosa. A possibilidade de tratamento domiciliar ou ambulatorial. em casos estritamente selecionados. é atraente tanto do ponto de vista social quanto do econômico. Apresentamos o relato de 6 pacientes com diagnóstico de endocardite bacteriana por Streptococcus. tratados parcial ou integralmente em regime ambulatorial. Todos evoluíram sem complicações e com resolução completa do quadro infeccioso.

Bacterial endocarditis is a severe infectious disease. of which treatment is traditionally carried out in hospitalized patients through intravenous medication. The possibility of at-home or ambulatory treatment. for stringently selected cases. is attractive from the social as well as from the economic point of view. We report 6 patients with a diagnosis of bacterial endocarditis caused by Streptococcus. treated partially or completely on an outpatient basis. All of them evolved without complications and presented complete resolution of the infection.

Perfil de patógenos nas exacerbações agudas da doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica: resultados preliminares / Pathogenic profile in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructuve pulmonary disease: preliminary results

Objetivo: Descrever os patógenos isolados em cultura quantitativa de escarro, nas exacerbações agudas de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica, em pacientes internados no Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição – Tubarão/SC e no Hospital Nereu Ramos – Florianópolis/SC. Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo de delineamento transversal, utilizando escarro coletado em pacientes internados, o qual foi submetido à cultura quantitativa. Foi utilizada como ponto de corte a presença de 106 ufc/mL. O uso da antibioticoterapia foi confrontado com o isolamento em cultivo de agente etiológico bacteriano, através do índice de concordância Kappa. Resultados: Foram avaliados consecutivamente 13 pacientes, sendo 69,2% pertencentes ao gênero masculino, com média de idade de 67,15. A cultura de escarro evidenciou o crescimento de 53,8% de Streptococcus viridans e 7,7% de Haemophilus influenzae. Em 38,5% das culturas, não houve crescimento bacteriano. Quantificou-se 38,5%(n = 5) das culturas com mais de 106 UFC e 23,1% (n = 3) com menos de 106 UFC. O índice de concordância Kappa entre o uso de antibioticoterapia e a presença de infecção foi de -0,519. Conclusão: Houve um predomínio de pacientes do gênero masculino, e o agente mais comumente isolado nas culturas foi o Streptococcus viridans. Ocorreu discordância entre o uso de antimicronianos e a presença ou ausência de infecção.

Objective: To describe the pathogens isolated through quantitative sputum culture, in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients admitted to the Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, Tubarão/SC and Hospital Nereu Ramos, Florianópolis/SC. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted using sputum collected from hospitalized patients, which was subjected to quantitative culture. The presence of 106 cfu/mL was used as a cutoff point. The use of antibiotics was compared with isolation of bacterial culture from the etiologic agent by Kappa index of agreement. Results:Thirteen patients were consecutive evaluated, 69.2% out of them were male, mean age 67.15. Sputum culture showed 53.8% growth of Streptococcus viridans and 7.7% of Haemophilus influenzae. There was no bacterial growth in 38.5% of the cultures. Of the total, 38.5% (n = 5) contained more than 106 CFU and 23.1% (n = 3) contained less than 106 CFU. The Kappaindex of concordance between antibiotic use and the presence of infection was -0.519. Conclusion: There was a predominance of male patients, and the agent most commonly isolated in cultures was Streptococcus viridans. There was disagreement between antimicrobial use and the presence or absence of infection.

Sepsis por Streptococcus anginosas originada en cáncer de colon abscedado: reporte de un caso / Streptococcus anginosus sepsis originating in an abscessed colon cancer: report of one case

Se presenta el caso de un paciente, hombre de 74 años, portador de hipertensión arterial crónica y diabetes mellitus Tipo 2, portador de un cáncer de colon derecho recientemente diagnosticado y que tenía planificada cirugía electiva. Es ingresado de urgencia al Hospital del Salvador por un cuadro de calofríos y fiebre alta de tres días de evolución, cuyo estudio descartó foco séptico pulmonar, urinario y otros, incluyendo Ecocardiograma para descartar una endocarditis. Solo se demostraron dos hemocultivos positivos para Streptococcus anginosus, siendo tratado exitosamente con Ceftriaxona y Metronidazol. Es intervenido quirúrgicamente al 7º día, encontrándose un tumor abscedado de colon derecho. Evolución postoperatoria satisfactoria, siendo dado de alta al 5º día del postoperatorio.

We report a 74 years old hypertensive and diabetic male with a recently diagnosed right colon cancer that consulted in the emergency room for fever and chills lasting three days. He was admitted, two blood cultures were positive for Streptococcus anginosus, treatment with Ceftriaxone and Metronidazole was started and fever subsided after four days of treatment. The surgical exploration showed that the colon cancer was abscessed and was the origin of the sepsis. The patient was discharged in good conditions five days later.

Abordagem de celulite e erisipelas em idosos na unidade de emergência / Approach of cellulites and erysipelas in aged on emergency unit

A presente revisão trata da celulite e da erisipela, sendo que estas, ao lado da pneumonia e das infecções do trato urinário, são as principais causas infecciosas de procura do idoso ao pronto-socorro. Nesta revisão são abordados a etiologia e os principais aspectos clínicos e terapêuticos destas infecções nesta faixa etária

Presencia de ADN bacteriano en el tejido valvular de pacientes con cardiopatía reumática crónica / Presence of bacterial DNA in valvular tissue of patients with rheumatic heart disease

Background: Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a delayed consequence of a pharyngeal infection with Group A streptococcus (GAS), usually ascribed to a cross-reactive immune response to the host cardiac tissues. Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and its ensuing valvular sequelae are thus considered the prototype of a post-infectious autoimmune disease, with no direct evidence of residual streptococcal antigen in diseased valvular tissues. However, recent studies concerning the antigenic specificity and clonality of intralesional lymphocytes have revealed oligoclonal expansions characteristic of an antigen specific response, that might be related to GAS. Aim: To search for bacterial DNA in valvular tissue from RHD patients and controls. Material and methods: We extracted DNA from surgically excised valve specimens from 15 RHD patients and 6 non RHD controls and tested for the presence of bacterial DNA by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with primers for 16S rRNA. Results: Eighty percent (12/15) of valve specimens from RHD patients were positive for bacterial DNA, as opposed to none of the valves (n =6) from non RHD controls. Conclusions: These results suggest that GAS might persist in valvular tissue in patients with ARF and contribute to the inflammatory scarring lesion that leads to cardiovascular sequelae.

Estudio retrospectivo de la endocarditis infecciosa en diferentes grupos de riesgo / Infective endocarditis in an internal medicine ward

Background: Due to the increasing number of intravenous drug users, subjects with immune deficiencies or with prosthetic valves, infective endocarditis (IE) continues to be prevalent and to have a high mortality. Aim: To review all cases of infective endocarditis diagnosed in an Internal Medicine Service. Material and methods: Retrospective review of medical records of all patients with infective endocarditis, hospitalized in an Internal Medicine ward, between 1989 and 2003. Dukes criteria were used to define definitive, possible and less probable cases of IE. Results: Eighty seven patients with definite IE were identified (66 males, age range 19-84 years), with a mean incidence of 5.3 per 1000 hospitalizations. IE in intravenous drugs users was usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus and presented high risk of embolism (RR: 3,21). Subjects aged over 70 years had a relative risk of mortality of 5.5. Hospital acquired IE was associated with advanced age and IV catheters appeared as the only predisposing factor. Patients with prosthetic valves were also older, their main complication was abscess formation and their mortality was higher. Conclusions: A closer approach to differential conditions of patients, according to age, intravenous drug use or the presence of prosthetic valves, is necessary

Aneurisma micótico abdominal e embolia cerebral associados à endocardite infecciosa em paciente com doença valvar reumática crônica / Abdominal mycotic aneurysm and cerebral embolic event associated with infective endocarditis in a patient with chronic rheumatic valvar disease

Relatamos o caso de uma menina com doença valvar crônica devido à febre reumática que apresentou endocardite infecciosa e duas complicações: acidente vascular cerebral devido à embolia e aneurisma micótico da artéria mesentérica superior.

We report the case of a girl with chronic rheumatic valvar heart disease who developed infeccious endocarditis and two complications, ischemic stroke due to cerebral embolic event and mycotic aneurysm of the superior mesenteric artery.