HIV/AIDS in small cities in Midwest Santa Catarina, south of Brazil: Clinical and epidemiological aspects, opportunistic infections

Abstract INTRODUCTION: We avaluated the clinical features, epidemiology, opportunistic infections and coinfections of HIV/AIDS patients. METHODS: We analyzed the records of 143 patients receiving antiretroviral therapy at a public center in the Midwest of Santa Catarina, south of Brazil, from December 2014 to September 2015. RESULTS: Most were male, Caucasian, married, with low education level, and aged 31-50 years. Heterosexual transmission was the most common infection route. Regarding coinfection, 3.5% had hepatitis C, 2.1% hepatitis B, 4.2% syphilis, and 4.9% tuberculosis; 38.5% had opportunistic infections. CONCLUSIONS: HIV infection follows the national trend, but hepatitis B and C coinfection rates were higher, while tuberculosis rate was lower.

Manifestações estomatológicas em receptores de transplante renal: uma revisão sistemática / Oral manifestations in the kidney transplantation: a systematic review

Introdução: devido a imunossupressão crônica nos receptores de transplante renal, a cavidade oral é considerada como um ambiente favorável ao desenvolvimento de infecções oportunistas. Objetivo: avaliar publicações cujo desfecho fosse traçar o perfil das manifestações estomatológicas associadas à imunossupressão nos receptores de transplante renal. Métodos: foram realizadas buscas bibliográficas a partir das bases de dados MEDLINE, Cochrane, LILACS, BBO, no período de 1966 a 2008, nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol e incluídos estudos seccionais e longitudinais. Resultados: foi identificado um total de 207 estudos, dos quais apenas 11 foram selecionados. A manifestação mais frequentemente relatada na literatura foi o crescimento gengival associado ao uso de drogas imunossupressoras e aos bloqueadores dos canais de cálcio. Apenas três artigos tinham caráter de levantamento epidemiológico. Conclusão: o cuidado com a saúde oral dos receptores de transplante renal deve ser considerado uma conduta padrão e conhecer suas principais alterações é primordial para a prevenção e controle através de um diagnóstico precoce, tratamento eficaz e prognóstico favorável (AU)

Introduction: Due to chronic immunosuppression in kidney transplant recipients, the oral cavity is considered as vulnerable to opportunistic infections. Aim: To evaluate publications whose outcome was to determine the profile of oral manifestations associated with immunosuppression in kidney transplant recipients. Methods: A bibliographic survey was carried out of articles published in the MEDLINE, Cochrane, LILACS, and BBO databases from 1966 to 2008 in English, Portuguese and Spanish, including transversal and longitudinal studies. Results: Although 207 studies were found, only 11 were selected. The manifestation most frequently reported in the literature was gingival growth associated with the use of immunosuppressive drugs and calcium channel blockers. Only three articles had an epidemiological survey character. Conclusion: Oral health care of renal transplant recipients must be a standard practice, and knowing its main alterations is crucial for prevention and control through early diagnosis, effective treatment, and favorable prognosis (AU)