Doenças de chinchilas (Chinchilla lanigera) / Diseases of chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera)

As doenças de chinchilas foram estudadas através da avaliação de laudos de necropsia entre janeiro de 1997 e dezembro de 2011. Em 202 chinchilas necropsiadas, 189 (93,5%) tiveram o diagnóstico determinado, e 13 (6,5%) tiveram diagnóstico inconclusivo, por ausência de lesões ou autólise acentuada. Dentre as 202 chinchilas computadas, 162 eram fêmeas (80%), 37 eram machos (18%), e em quatro chinchilas (2%) o sexo não foi anotado. As chinchilas tinham entre um dia a 12 anos de idade. As doenças foram agrupadas nas seguintes categorias: doenças inflamatórias, doenças causadas por intoxicações, doenças causadas por agentes físicos, doenças metabólicas, doenças parasitárias, doenças degenerativas, distúrbios circulatórios, neoplasmas, distúrbios do desenvolvimento e "outros distúrbios". As doenças inflamatórias foram as mais prevalentes (52 casos [25,7%]) e foram representadas por casos de gastrite (10 casos), listeriose (5 casos), septicemia (5 casos), broncopneumonia bacteriana (4 casos), enterite necrosante (4 casos), piometra (4 casos), diarreia com isolamento de Proteus sp. (3 casos), abscessos subcutâneos e em linfonodos (2 casos), endometrite (2 casos), otite (2 casos), pielonefrite (2 casos), abscesso do ligamento redondo do fígado (1 caso), pneumonia fibrinosa (1 caso), pneumonia intersticial (1 caso), hepatite e colecistite com isolamento de Salmonella sp. (1 caso), histiocitose pulmonar (1 caso), miosite linfo-histiocítica (1 caso) e um caso de dermatofitose (Trichopyton metagrophytes). O segundo grupo de doenças mais prevalentes foram as intoxicações (22,3%), representado por 45 casos de intoxicação por salinomicina. As doenças causadas por agentes físicos (21 casos [10,4%]) incluíam casos de traumas causados por outros animais (8 casos), automutilação após injeção intramuscular (8 casos), prolapso de reto (3 casos) e parto distócico (2 casos). A categoria de doenças metabólicas foi representada por 16 casos (7,9%) de lipidose hepática. As doenças parasitárias (8 casos [4%]) consistiram em infestação por pulga (4 casos), piolho (3 casos) e giardíase (1 caso). Doenças degenerativas (4 casos [2,5%]) incluíam insuficiência renal crônica (2 casos), necrose aleatória de hepatócitos (1 caso) e necrose muscular de origem desconhecida (1 caso). Os distúrbios circulatórios incluíram dois casos (0,99%) de insuficiência cardíaca congestiva. Neoplasmas foram representados por dois casos (0,99%) de adenocarcinoma gástrico. Um caso de atresia ani, associado a ausência do trato reprodutor, intestino grosso e rins policíticos representou a categoria de distúrbios do desenvolvimento (0,5%). Algumas doenças não se enquadraram nas categorias acima e foram enquadradas em "outros distúrbios" (38 casos [18,8%]). Nesta categoria, doenças dentárias foi o distúrbio mais comum, diagnosticado em 9% (18 de 202) de todas as chinchilas examinadas. Seguido por casos de hipertermia (14 casos), dois casos de anemia, dois casos de metaplasia de células adiposas do córtex da adrenal, e dois casos de mucometra.(AU)

Diseases of chinchilla were studied through the review of necropsy reports of 202 postmortem examinations carried out in this species from January 1997 to December 2011. One hundred and eighty nine of these necropsies (93.5%) had a conclusive diagnosis and in 13 (6.5%) a conclusive diagnosis was not reached due either absence of lesions or advanced autolysis. One hundred and sixty two (80%) of the necropsied chinchilla were females and 37 (18%) were males and the sex was not recorded in four cases (2%). Ages of necropsied chinchillas varied from one day to 12-years-old. The encountered diseases were grouped in the following categories: inflammatory diseases, diseases caused by intoxications, diseases caused by physical agents, metabolic diseases, parasitism, degenerative diseases, circulatory disturbances, developmental disorders and "other disorders". Inflammatory diseases were the most prevalent (52 cases [25.7%]) and included gastritis (10 cases), necrotizing enteritis (6 cases), listeriosis (5 cases), septicemia (5 cases), bacterial bronchopneumonia (4 cases), pyometra (4 cases), diarrhea associated with Proteus sp. (3 cases), subcutaneous and lymph node abscesses (2 cases), endometritis (2 cases), otitis (2 cases), pyelonephritis (2 cases), abscesses in hepatic the round ligament (1 cases), fibrinous pneumonia (1 case), interstitial pneumonia (1 case), hepatitis and cholecystitis associated with Salmonella sp. (1 case), pulmonary histiocytosis (1 case), and dermatophytosis by Trichopyton metagrophytes (1 case). The second most prevalent group of diseases was that caused by intoxications (22,3% of the cases) including 45 cases of intoxication by salinomycin. Diseases caused by physical agents (21 cases [10.4%]) included trauma cases caused by other animals (8 cases), self mutilation secondary to intramuscular injection (8 cases), rectal prolapsed (3 cases) and dystocia (2 cases). Metabolic diseases were represented by 16 cases (7.9%) of hepatic lipidosis. Parasitic diseases were represented by 8 cases (4%) flea (4 cases) lice (3 cases) infestations and one case o giardiasis. Degenerative diseases (4 cases or 2,5%) included two cases of chronic renal failure, one case of scattered hepatocellular necrosis and one case of muscle necrosis of unknown origin. Circulatory disturbances included two cases (0.99%) of congestive heart failure. Neoplasms were represented by two cases (0.99%) of gastric adenocarcinoma. Developmental disorders included one (0,5%) case of atresia ani associated with polycystic kidneys and absence of reproductive tract and large intestine. Thirty eight cases (18.8%) did not fit in any of the above categories and were placed as "other disorders". In this category dental disease was the most commonly (8 cases or 9%) diagnosed disorder, followed by 14 cases (6,9%) of hyperthermia, tow cases of anemia, two cases of fat metaplasia of adrenal cortex and two cases of mucometra.(AU)

Presencia de organismo asociados a helicobacter (HLO) después de 21 días de tratamiento en perros asintomáticos: un estudio preliminar / Presence of helicobacter like organisms after twenty one days of treatment in asympotomatic dogs: a preliminar study

La presencia de Organismos Asociados a Helicobacter (HLO), en el estomago de perros y gatos ha sido descrito previamente. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la presencia de Organismos Asociados a Helicobacter, después de 21 días de tratamiento en perros asintomáticos. Siete perros fueron tratados durante 21 días con doxiciclina comercial en dosis 20mg/kg/día. Muestras de estomago fueron colectadas por gastroendoscopia. Secciones de tejido gástrico fueron procesadas, coloreadas con Hematoxilina y Eosina (H&E) y observadas en el microscopio óptico. Ninguno de los perros presento signos clínicos previos de enfermedad gastrointestinal. En el examen gastroendoscopico previo al tratamiento fue observada una mucosa gástrica normal en 1/7 perros, gastritis aguda superficial 3/7, gastritis crónica superficial 1/7, gastritis crónica atrófica 1/7 y gastritis erosiva ulcerosa 1/7. El estudio histopatológico revelo gastritis aguda superficial, erosión focal e hiperqueratosis con infiltración de linfocitos en la lamina propia. La presencia de bacterias tipo espiroquetas en el moco gástrico y en las glándulas fúndicas fue observada y asociada con lesiones gástricas. La evaluación gastroendoscopica después del tratamiento con doxiciclina revelo: 4/7 perros con mucosa gástrica normal, 2/7 con gastritis aguda superficial y 1/7 con gastritis crónica superficial. Los cortes histológicos de mucosa gástrica evidenciaron gastritis aguda superficial, erosión focal e hiperqueratosis focal infiltrado por linfocitos en la lámina propia. Ninguna muestra mostró bacterias tipo espiroquetas después del tratamiento con doxiciclina.Estos resultados nos permiten concluir que el tratamiento con doxiciclina es efectivo sobre la presencia de Organismos Asociados a Helicobacter en la mucosa gástrica de caninos

The presence of gastric Helicobacter-like organisms (HLO) in the stomach of dogs and cats has been known for many years, but the relationship between those organisms and gastric disease remains controversial. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of Helicobacter like organisms after twenty one days of treatment in asymptomatic dogs. Seven dogs were treated for 21 days with commercial doxycycline at a dose of 20mg/kg/day. Stomach samples were collected by gastroendoscopy from 7 dogs, before an after doxycycline treatment. Gastric tissue sections were prepared and stained with Hematoxilin & Eosin (H&E) for light microscopy. None of these dogs showed previous clinical signs of gastrointestinal disease. In the gastroendoscopy study after of doxycycline treatment we found a normal gastric mucosa in 1/7 dogs, acute superficial gastritis in 3/7, chronic superficial gastritis in 1/7, chronic atrophic gastritis 1/7 and chronic ulcer-erosive gastritis in 1/7. The histopathological study showed acute surface gastritis, focal erosion and hyperkeratosis with lymphocytes infiltration in the lamina propria. The presence of spirochetal shaped bacterias in the gastric mucus and fundus mucousglands were observed associated with gastric lesions. Gastroendoscopy after treatment with doxycycline reveled: 4/7 gastric mucosa normal, 2/7 superficial acute gastritis and 1/7 superficial chronic gastritis. Histopathology showed acute gastritis surface, erosion focal and hyperkeratosis focal infiltrated of lymphocytes in the lamina propria. None samples showed spiral shape bacterial after the treatment with doxyclyne. We conclude that doxycycline is effective for HLO on presence in gastric mucosa of dogs