Mortality from systemic erythematosus lupus in Brazil: evaluation of causes according to the government health database / Mortalidade por lúpus eritematoso sistêmico no Brasil: avaliação das causas de acordo com o banco de dados de saúde do governo

Abstract Objective: To characterize the causes of mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Brazil between 2002 and 2011. Methods: An exploratory ecological study of a time series using data from the Mortality Information System of DATASUS, the Department of the Unified Health System (Brazil's National Health System). Results: Brazil's SLE mortality rate was 4.76 deaths/105 inhabitants. The mortality rate was higher in the Midwest, North and Southeast regions than in the country as a whole. There were 6.3% fewer and 4.2% more deaths than expected in the Northeast and Southeast regions, respectively. The mean age at death was 40.7 ± 18 years, and 45.61% of deaths occurred between the ages of 20 and 39. Incidence was highest in women (90.7%) and whites (49.2%). Disorders of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue were mentioned as an underlying cause of death in 77.5% of cases, and diseases of the circulatory system and infectious and parasitic diseases were also noted in fewer cases. SLE was mentioned as an underlying cause of death in 77% of cases, with no difference between the Brazilian regions (p = 0.2058). The main SLE-related causes of death were, sequentially, diseases of the respiratory and circulatory systems and infectious and parasitic diseases. Conclusions: This study identified a need for greater control of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and a better understanding of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in SLE. Infectious causes are still frequent, and management should be improved, especially in the early stages of the disease.

Resumo Objetivo: Caracterizar as causas de mortalidade em pacientes com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES) no Brasil entre 2002 e 2011. Métodos: Estudo ecológico exploratório de uma série cronológica com dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (Datasus). Resultados: A taxa de mortalidade por LES no Brasil foi de 4,76 mortes/105 habitantes. A taxa de mortalidade foi maior nas regiões Centro-Oeste, Norte e Sudeste do que no país como um todo. Houve 6,3% menos e 4,2% mais mortes do que o esperado nas regiões Nordeste e Sudeste, respectivamente. A média de idade ao óbito foi de 40,7 ± 18 anos e 45,61% dos óbitos ocorreram entre 20 e 39 anos. A incidência foi maior nas mulheres (90,7%) e nos brancos (49,2%). Os distúrbios do sistema musculoesquelético e do tecido conjuntivo foram mencionados como a causa subjacente de morte em 77,5% dos casos; também foram observadas doenças do sistema circulatório e infecciosas e parasitárias, embora em menor frequência. O LES foi mencionado como a causa subjacente de óbito em 77% dos casos, sem diferença entre as regiões brasileiras (p = 0,2058). As principais causas de morte associadas ao LES foram, em ordem, doenças dos sistemas respiratório e circulatório e doenças infecciosas e parasitárias. Conclusões: Este estudo identificou a necessidade de maior controle dos fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares e uma melhor compreensão da patogênese da aterosclerose no LES. As causas infecciosas ainda são frequentes e o manejo deve ser melhorado, especialmente nos estágios iniciais da doença.

Outcomes and organ dysfunctions of critically ill patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and other systemic rheumatic diseases

Our objective was to compare the pattern of organ dysfunctions and outcomes of critically ill patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with patients with other systemic rheumatic diseases (SRD). We studied 116 critically ill SRD patients, 59 SLE and 57 other-SRD patients. The SLE group was younger and included more women. Respiratory failure (61 percent) and shock (39 percent) were the most common causes of ICU admission for other-SRD and SLE groups, respectively. ICU length-of-stay was similar for the two groups. The 60-day survival adjusted for the groups’ baseline imbalances was not different (P = 0.792). Total SOFA scores were equal for the two groups at admission and during ICU stay, although respiratory function was worse in the other-SRD group at admission and renal and hematological functions were worse in the SLE group at admission. The incidence of severe respiratory dysfunction (respiratory SOFA >2) at admission was higher in the other-SRD group, whereas severe hematological dysfunction (hematological SOFA >2) during ICU stay was higher in the SLE group. SLE patients were younger and displayed a decreased incidence of respiratory failure compared to patients with other-SRDs. However, the incidences of renal and hematological failure and the presence of shock at admission were higher in the SLE group. The 60-day survival rates were similar.

Mortalidad en los pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico que ingresaron a una unidad de cuidados intensivos / Mortality in the patients with systemic lupus erythematosus that entered to an intensive care unit

Objetivo. Determinar la mortalidad de los pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) que ingresaron a una unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI). Material y Métodos. Se realizó un estudio de serie de casos, retrospectivo, en el que se evaluó todos los primeros ingresos de los pacientes con LES a la UCI del Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza de Lima, durante el periodo enero 2003-diciembre 2007. En cada caso, se obtuvo los puntajes SLEDAI, APACHE II y SOFA de ingreso, para luego determinar su poder pronóstico de mortalidad de los pacientes. Resultados. De un total de 32 casos, 28 (92,9 por ciento) fueron mujeres y 4 varones (7,1 por ciento), con edad promedio de 71,63 mas o menos 12,40 años. La mortalidad de los pacientes fue de 46,4 por ciento. Los puntajes fueron: SLEDAI,14,7 mas o menos 5,2 (el 96,4 por ciento dentro del rango de actividad severa); APACHE II, 17,3 mas o menos 6,4; y, SOFA, 7,5 mas o menos 3,3. Sobre la base de una mediana de 7 mas o menos 8,5 de días UCI de seguimiento, el promedio de sobrevida fue en general a los 7 y 14 del 69,3 por ciento y 48,8 por ciento, respectivamente. Solo el puntaje SOFA fue significativamente asociado al evento muerte (6,3 mas o menos 3,8 puntos vs. 8,8 mas o menos 3,5 puntos, p = 0,0424); dicionalmente, luego del análisis multivariado, SOFA fue el único puntaje que fue significativamente asociado a la sobrevida de los pacientes (HR =1,27; IC95 por ciento: 1,03-1,56, p = 0,0267). Conclusiones. El puntaje SOFA fue mejor que los puntajes APACHE II y SLEDAI para predecir la mortalidad de los pacientes con LES que ingresaron a la UCI.

Objective. To determine the mortality rate in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus who entered to the Intensive Care Unit. Material and Methods. A retrospective study serialcase study was done in SLE patients who were admitted to the ICU in the Hospital Arzobispo Loayza, Lima, during January 2003-December 2007. In each case, it was collected SLEDAI, APACHE II and SOFA scores at ICU admission. Results. From a total of 32 cases, 28 (92,9 per cent 9 women and 4 (7,1 per cent) male, and an average age 71,63 more or less 12,40 year-old. The mean scores SLEDAI 14,7 more or less 5,2 (96,4per cent within the range of severeactivity; APACHE II 17.3 more or less 6,4; and, SOFA 7,5 more or less 3,3 (media more or less SD). Based on a mean 7 more or less 8,5 ICU-days monitoring, the mortality rate was 69,3 per cent and 48,8 per cent at 7 and 14 ICU-days, respectively. Only score SOFA predicted mortality better (6,3 mor or less3,8 vs. 8,8 per cent 3,5, p = 0,0424). Conclusions. The mortality rate of SLE patients admitted to the ICU could be predicted better bythe SOFA score than the APACHE II and SLEDAI-2K scores.

Risk factors associated with the death of patients hospitalized for juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus

We assessed the risk factors associated with death in patients hospitalized for juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) and evaluated the autopsy reports. A total of 57,159 hospitalizations occurred in our institution from 1994 to 2003, 169 of them involving 71 patients with JSLE. The most recent hospitalization of these patients was evaluated. Patients were divided into two groups based on mortality during hospitalization: those who survived (N = 53) and those who died (N = 18). The main causes of hospitalization were JSLE activity associated with infection in 52 percent and isolated JSLE activity in 44 percent. Univariate analysis showed that a greater risk of death was due to severe sepsis (OR = 17.8, CI = 4.5-70.9), systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) ³8 (OR = 7.6, CI = 1.1-53.8), general infections (OR = 6.1, CI = 1.5-25), fungal infections (OR = 5.4, CI = 3.2-9), acute renal failure (OR = 5.1, CI = 2.5-10.4), acute thrombocytopenia (OR = 3.9, CI = 1.9-8.4), and bacterial infections (OR = 2.3, CI = 1.2-7.5). Stratified analysis showed that severe sepsis and SLEDAI ³8 were not confounder variables. In the multivariate analysis, logistic regression showed that the only independent variable in death prediction was severe sepsis (OR = 98, CI = 16.3-586.2). Discordance between clinical diagnosis and autopsy was observed in 6/10 cases. Mortality of hospitalized JSLE patients was associated with severe sepsis. Autopsy was important to determine events not detected or doubtful in dead patients and should always be requested.

Causa de muerte en lupus eritomatoso sistémico: estudio de necropsias en 27 pacientes del Hospital San Juan de Dios

Basados en el análisis de los registros de necropsias de pacientes que fallecieron con Lupus eritomatoso sistémico en el Hospital San Juan de Dios de Santafé de Bogotá en los últimos 16 años, se pretende conocer las causas de mortalidad de esta entidad entre nosotros. La primera de estas causas fue relacionada con el compromiso directo de la enfermedad, siendo la nefropatía la asociación más frecuente. Le sigue en frecuencia las infecciones, notándose como lo indican otras series, la presencia de gérmenes oportunistas