Monitoring of molecular ans cytogenetic damage in lymphocytes from three persons with polycystic kidney disease

Background. Much interest has been generated in the studies that would help to under stand whether is a causal association between disease and various types of molecular or cytogenetic damage detected in human cells. Materials and Methods. The aims of this study were to elicit the possible association between DNA and cytogenetic damage induced in lymphocytes of three members of a family with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Ther predictability to develop cancer or to sensitive response to enviromental exposure of the young girl at the age of 19, her brother (9 years old) and a maternal aunt at the age of 41 were sought. Cytogenetic studies, analysis of DNA damage by single cell gel electrophoresis assay (SCGE known as a Comet assay), and analysis of p21ras protein level in blood plasma were carried out on their lymphocytes. Results. The analysis for presence of chromosome aberrations in the first mitosis and sister chromatid exchanges in the second mitosis revealed elevated levels of cytogenetic biomarkers when compared to the mean values observed in the reference group in environmental biological monitoring studies. Results of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) and percent of cells with elevated number of exchanges (high frequency cells) that were significantly higher in two probands had demonstrated susceptibility to or possibility of enviromental exposure (pesticides, smoking). The results of this study show that the lymphocytes of two persons revealed increased sensitivity to 0.5 Gy dose of gamma radiation expressed in the increased, atthough statistically insignificant, damage detected on the molecular level after cell irradiation. Conclusions. The latter might be associated with a specific aberration present in the cells of these persons. But final conclusions can be arrived at when an application of FISH technique is completed

Morfometria do intestino delgado em crianças com diarréia por Escherichia coli enteropatogênica clássica e enteropatia ambiental assintomática / Morphometrics of the small bowel in children with diarrhea due to classical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and to environmental asymptomatic enteropathy

Infecçäo entérica por Escherichia coli enteropatogênica clássica (EPEC) pode causar diferentes graus de alteraçöes das vilosidades do intestino delgado.OBJETIVOS. Este estudo teve por objetivo: 1) avaliar as alteraçöes morfológicas da mucosa intestinal na diarréia aguda por EPEC, por meio da morfometria linear, e compará-la a um grupo controle; 2) comparar o número de LIE encontrado na diarréia aguda e/ou persistente por EPEC com aqueles encontrados no grupo controle; 3) pesquisar a presença de E. coli aderida à mucosa do intestinodelgado naquelas crianças que apresentaram diarréia com coprocultura positiva para EPEC. PACIENTES E MÉTODOS. Foram analisados 30 biópsias da mucosa do intestino delgado de crianças com diarréia aguda e/ou persistente, com coprocultura positiva para EPEC e 16 biópsias obtidas da mucosa do intestino delgado de crianças portadoras de enteropatia ambiental assintomática, que constituíram nosso grupo controle. Foram realizadas as seguintes análises morfométricas: RESULTADOS: Espessura total mucosa µ EPEC=279,6 EAA=445,1 p<0,001; Altura vilosidade µ EPEC 134,3 EAA 248,0 p<0,001; Extensäo da zona críptica µ EPEC 145,2 EAA 197,1 p<0,02; linfócitos intra-epiteliais EPEC 11,6 EAA 15,5 p<0,005. CONCLUSÄO. Presença de bactéria gram-negativa, portanto, provavelmente, EPEC, foi constatada em três dos 30 pacientes com diarréia, apresentando coprocultura positiva para EPEC. As alteraçöes morfométricas ocorrem, principalmente, às custas da diminuiçäo das visolidades intestinais.