WHO Regional Office for Europe nutrient profile model

This publication describes the regional nutrient profile model for use and, if necessary, adaptation by Member States in the WHO European Region in developing policies to restrict marketing of unhealthy foods to children. The second edition, presented in this report, is an updated version of the model published in 2015. It incorporates lessons learnt during adaptation of that model by Member States and by other WHO regional offices. A brief history of the WHO Regional Office for Europe nutrient profile model developed in 2015 is provided, followed by how it has been updated. This edition is based on an expert meeting held in September 2021 by the Regional Office and on work of the European Union’s Joint Action on Healthy Food for a Healthier Future (Best-ReMaP). The draft updated model was tested by 13 Member States that were partners in the Best-ReMaP Joint Action to compare the classification of foods with that in the 2015 model and to identify any practical issues in its application. The second edition of the nutrient profile model for the WHO European Region (NPM 2023) is presented and its features described. They include its scope, the food categories for which there are different thresholds, the nutrient and other components that are taken into account, the threshold themselves and definitions of all terms.

Expressões de homofobia e conflito intergrupal entre fãs de league of legends / Expressions of homophobia and intergroup conflict between league of legends fans / Expresiones de homofobia y conflicto intergrupal entre aficionados de league of legends

Os jogos digitais são considerados um ambiente de privilégio masculino que exalta o padrão heteronormativo de masculinidade. A partir da Teoria das Representações Sociais, buscamos identificar as diferentes formas de expressão e ancoragens da homofobia a partir de princípios organizadores, nos discursos dos fãs do jogo League of Legends (LoL) na rede social Facebook. Foram selecionados 470 comentários publicados em 2017, os quais foram analisados com apoio do Iramuteq (software de análise lexicométrica) por meio de uma classificação hierárquica descendente, resultando em quatro classes: "Debate sobre a sexualidade dos campeões" (14,9%), "Representatividade no LoL" (29,8%), "Confronto entre as histórias de Varus" (39%), e "Estratégia empresarial" (16,2%). Os resultados evidenciam a existência de um conflito intergrupal, mediado pelo processo de ameaça simbólica: enquanto alguns comentários, realizados majoritariamente por homens heterossexuais, se utilizam do preconceito sutil para perpetuar a manutenção da heteronormatividade, outros comentários reforçam a importância da representação da diversidade nos jogos digitais.(AU)

Digital games are considered an environment of male privilege that promotes heteronormative standard of masculinity. Based on the Theory of Social Representations, we seek to identify, based on organizing principles, the forms of expression and anchorages processes related to homophobia within the speeches of the fans of the game League of Legends (LoL), on Facebook. A total of 470 comments published in 2017 were selected to be then analyzed with support from IRAMUTEQ software (lexicometric analysis software), which resulted in four classes: "Debate on the sexuality of champions" (14.9%), "Representativeness in LoL" (29.8%), "Confrontation between the stories of Varus" (39%), and "Business strategy" (16.2%). The results show intergroup conflict that is mediated by the process of symbolic threat: some comments, which are mostly from heterosexual men, carry aspects of covert prejudice to perpetuate the maintenance of heteronormative standards, whereas other comments reinforce the importance of representing diversity in digital games.(AU)

Los juegos digitales son un entorno de privilegio masculino que enaltece el estándar heteronormativo de la masculinidad. Con base en la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales, buscamos identificar las formas de expresión y anclaje de la homofobia a partir de principios organizativos en los discursos de aficionados del juego League of Legends (LoL) en la red social Facebook. Se seleccionaron 470 comentarios publicados en 2017, que pasaron por el análisis en IRAMUTEQ (software de análisis lexicométrico) mediante una clasificación jerárquica descendiente la cual dio como resultado cuatro clases: "Debate sobre la sexualidad de campeones" (14,9%), "Representatividad en LoL" (29,8%), "Confrontación entre las historias de Varus" (39%) y "Estrategia comercial" (16,2%). Los resultados muestran un conflicto intergrupal, mediado por la amenaza simbólica; mientras que algunos comentarios, hechos en su mayoría por hombres heterosexuales, utilizan prejuicios sutiles para perpetuar el mantenimiento de la heteronormatividad, otros comentarios refuerzan la importancia de representar la diversidad en los juegos digitales.(AU)

Marketing y cuidadores del adulto mayor / Marketing and caregivers for the elderly

Las personas adultas mayores (PAM) como sujetos de derecho, tienen múltiples necesidades de apoyo en las diferentes esferas físicas, psicosociales y espirituales. Por lo general, éstas se resuelven mediante la figura del cuidador, definido como la persona con formación teórica e instrumental para satisfacer las demandas mencionadas. En la dimensión sociodemográfica los requerimientos de la población se correlacionan con la transición demográfica, manifestada por la reducción de la fecundidad y mortalidad de la población en general; por consiguiente, acrecentar la esperanza de vida y longevidad de la población.1 El incremento de PAM en México, implica el aumento de demanda de servicios2 de cuidado y mantenimiento de la funcionalidad del adulto mayor (AM). Desde otro panorama, el marketing ofrece grandes beneficios a los prestadores de cuidados para maximizar la satisfacción de los consumidores y mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas; es vital establecer un grado de conocimiento de los cuidadores sobre la mercadotecnia y se apoye para determinar sus niveles de aplicabilidad en el ámbito asistencial del AM, con la finalidad de incorporar nuevas destrezas a los cuidadores de PAM, promocionar el cuidado a domicilio, la participación de profesionales de otras disciplinas que capaciten a los cuidadores en diversas áreas del cuidado3 para mejorar el capital humano ofrecido a organizaciones gerontológicas.

Older adults (OA) as subjects of law, have multiple needs for support in different physical, psychosocial and spiritual spheres. In general, these are resolved through the figure of the caregiver, defined as the person with theoretical and instrumental training to satisfy the aforementioned demands. In the sociodemographic dimension, the population's requirements are correlated with the demographic transition, manifested by the reduction in fertility and mortality of the population in general; consequently, increase the life expectancy and longevity of the population.1 The increase in MAP in Mexico implies an increase in demand for services2 for the care and maintenance of the functionality of the elderly (OA). From another perspective, marketing offers great benefits to caregivers to maximize consumer satisfaction and improve people's quality of life; It is vital to establish a degree of knowledge of caregivers about marketing and support to determine its levels of applicability in the field of OA care, in order to incorporate new skills to MAP caregivers, promote home care, participation professionals from other disciplines who train caregivers in various areas of care3 to improve the human capital offered to gerontological organizations.

The influence of service quality on satisfaction and behavioral intentions of football spectators: a study in Pernambuco football / A influência da qualidade de serviços na satisfação e nas intenções comportamentais de espectadores do futebol: um estudo no futebol Pernambucano

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to examine the influence of service quality perception on spectators' satisfaction and behavioral intentions in the Pernambuco Professional Football Championship of 2017 - Brazil. Data were collected on match days, using an adapted questionnaire, consisting of four variables. The sample was composed of spectators at the competition, divided into two moments (1st. n = 386 / 2nd. n = 620). The data were analyzed through two-step structural equation modeling in AMOS 24. After the refinement of the model, the results of the structural model [χ² (314) = 762.849 (p <.001) χ² / df = 2.42; GFI = .92; CFI = .95; RMSEA = .05] indicated that the players' performance positively influenced both satisfaction (β = .76, p <.001) and behavioral intentions (β = .33, p <.001). In turn, the crowd experience had a positive influence only on the spectators' behavioral intentions (β = .38, p <.001). It is concluded that provision of service quality, positively evaluated by the spectators, especially in relation to the aspects of the game/players, is a way for the club to satisfy them and generate positive behavioral intentions.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi examinar a influência da percepção da qualidade do serviço na satisfação e nas intenções comportamentais dos espectadores do Campeonato de Futebol Profissional de Pernambuco de 2017 - Brasil. Os dados foram coletados em dia de jogos, a partir de um questionário adaptado, composto por quatro variáveis. A amostra foi composta por espectadores da competição, dividida em dois momentos (1º. n=386 / 2º. n= 620). Os dados foram analisados através da análise de equações estruturais de duas etapas no AMOS 24. Após o refinamento do modelo, os resultados do modelo estrutural [χ² (314) = 762,849 (p < .001) χ²/df = 2,42; GFI = .92; CFI = .95; RMSEA = .05] indicaram que a performance dos jogadores influenciou positivamente tanto a satisfação (β = .76, p < .001) quanto as intenções comportamentais (β = .33, p < .001). Por sua vez, a experiência como torcedor influenciou de forma positiva unicamente as intenções comportamentais dos espectadores (β = .38, p < .001). Conclui-se que para o clube prestar um serviço de qualidade, bem avaliado por parte dos espectadores, principalmente em relação aos aspectos do jogo/jogadores é um caminho para satisfazê-los e gerar intenções comportamentais positivas.

Análise do marketing dos produtos alimentícios infantís / Marketing analysis of children's food products

Objetivo ­ Analisar o marketing nos produtos alimentícios destinados ao público infantil. Métodos ­ O método de abordagem utilizado foi de observação, hipotético dedutivo, de forma quantitativa, dos produtos voltados para o público infantil, comercializados em hipermercados (representados por Y¹ e Y²), em mercado de bairro (representados por X¹ e X²) e atacadistas (representados por Z¹ e Z²), no município de Taubaté/SP. Cada produto analisado foi classificado em sete categorias. Resultados ­ Foi feita a observação de 432 produtos que possuem em seus rótulos personagens ou desenhos infantis, sendo 419 produtos industrializados e 13 produtos naturais. Foram encontrados 30,09% de guloseimas; 27,54% de produtos lácteos; 15,5% de biscoito recheado; 14,81% salgadinho de milho; 9,02% de suco de fruta; 1,38% de frutas e 1,62% produtos integrais. Conclusão ­ Ao analisar quantos produtos naturais e industrializados fazem uso do mesmo personagem, não foi encontrado nenhum em comum. No momento da coleta dos dados foi possível observar que os produtos que possuem um marketing mais infantilizado estão dispostos em prateleiras mais baixas nos mercados de grande e médio porte, já nos mercados de pequeno porte estes produtos nem sempre estão em prateleiras baixas.

Objective ­ To analyze the marketing of food products related to children. Methods ­ The method of approach used for observation, hypothetical deductive, quantitative form, products aimed at children, marketed in hypermarkets (represented by Y and Y²), neighborhood market (represented by X and X²) and wholesalers (represented Z¹ and Z²), in the municipality of Taubaté / SP. Each product analyzed was classified into seven categories. Results ­ An observation was made of 432 products that have on their labels characters or children's drawings, being 419 processed products and 13 natural products. We found 30.09% of fat, 27.54% of dairy products, 15.5% of stuffed crackers, 14.81% of corn chips, 9.02% of fruit juice, 1.38% of fruits and 1, 62% whole products. Conclusion ­ When analyzing how many natural and industrialized products make use of the same character, none were found in common. At no time in the data collection was it possible to observe that products that have a more childish marketing are arranged on the lower shelves in the medium and large markets, whereas in the small markets these products are not always on the lower shelves

Gestão de marketing e o sexismo na comunicação: o papel da liderança / Gestión de marketing y el sexismo en la comunicación: el papel del liderazgo / Marketing management and sexism in promotion: the role of leadership

RESUMO Estudos indicam que as mulheres enfrentam mais dificuldades nas áreas empresariais (gestão, contabilidade, finanças, ciências do comportamento e gestão de pessoas) do que os seus colegas homens, devido a considerações estereotipadas sobre o seu papel, que têm consequências negativas nas oportunidades no local de trabalho. Neste sentido, a liderança surge, nesta investigação, com um papel reforçado e como uma ferramenta crucial no apoio à gestão do marketing (em específico, o caso da comunicação e da publicidade) e na sua relação com o sexismo e a igualdade do género. Em específico, torna-se necessário compreender até que ponto a comunicação social e a indústria publicitária influenciam os estereótipos que vão ditar a ascensão ou não da liderança feminina. O presente trabalho visa contribuir, em nível teórico, para a compreensão deste fenómeno, reunindo alguns dos principais contributos da literatura. Estudos futuros deverão conduzir os investigadores no sentido de testar empiricamente qual o papel da liderança na definição das políticas e planos de comunicação das organizações (em específico, a promoção da igualdade de género). Numa perspetiva interdisciplinar, o presente estudo pretende contribuir para o marketing e para o comportamento organizacional. Futuros trabalhos deverão conduzir à elaboração de focus group e entrevistas em profundidade reunindo alguns agentes da tomada de decisão (na ótica da empresa) e consumidores (na ótica da procura).

RESUMEN Los estudios indican que las mujeres se enfrentan a más dificultades en las áreas empresariales (gestión, contabilidad, finanzas, ciencias de comportamiento y gestión de personas) que sus colegas varones, debido a consideraciones estereotipadas sobre su papel, que tienen consecuencias negativas en las oportunidades en el lugar de trabajo. En este sentido, el liderazgo surge en esta investigación con un papel reforzado y como una herramienta crucial en el apoyo a la gestión del marketing (en particular, el caso de la comunicación y la publicidad) y en su relación con el sexismo y la igualdad de género. En concreto, es necesario comprender hasta qué punto la comunicación social y la industria publicitaria influencian los estereotipos que van a dictar la ascensión o no del liderazgo femenino. El presente trabajo pretende contribuir, en nivel teórico, a la comprensión de este fenómeno, reuniendo algunas de las principales contribuciones de la literatura. Los estudios futuros deben conducir a los investigadores a probar empíricamente cuál es el papel del liderazgo en la definición de las políticas y planes de comunicación de las organizaciones (en particular, la promoción de la igualdad de género). En una perspectiva interdisciplinaria, el presente estudio pretende contribuir al marketing y al comportamiento organizacional. Los futuros trabajos conducen a la elaboración de focus group y entrevistas en profundidad reuniendo algunos agentes de la toma de decisión (en la óptica de la empresa) y consumidores (en la óptica de la demanda).

ABSTRACT Studies show us that women face more difficulties in business (management, accounting, finance, behavioral sciences and people management) than their male counterparts because of stereotypical considerations about their role, which have negative consequences on opportunities on the workplace. So, leadership emerges in this research with a reinforced role and as a crucial way in supporting marketing management (specifically the case of communication and advertising) and in its relation to sexism and gender equality. It is necessary to understand to what extent the media and the advertising industry influences the stereotypes that will dictate the rise or not of female leadership. The present work aims to contribute, theoretically, to the understanding of this phenomenon, gathering some of the main contributions of the existent literature. Future studies should lead researchers to empirically test the role of leadership in shaping organizations' communication policies and plans (specifically, promoting gender equality). In an interdisciplinary perspective, this study intends to contribute to marketing and to organizational behavior. Future work will help to the elaboration of a focus group and in-depth interviews bringing together some decision-making agents (in the company's perspective) and consumers (from a demand perspective).

Alcohol marketing in the WHO European Region: update report on the evidence and recommended policy actions

Alcohol is a global risk factor for disease, and Europe is the heaviest-drinking region in the world. Research has shown a correlation between exposure to alcohol advertising and drinking habits – in particular, between youth exposure to alcohol marketing and initiation of alcohol use – and clear associations between exposure and subsequent binge or hazardous drinking. This report analyses the current state of regulation concerning marketing of alcoholic beverages in Europe. It shows that, although most countries in the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region have some form of marketing regulation, very few have statutory bans to limit the marketing of alcohol beverages. In addition, the report highlights examples of current effective European alcohol marketing restrictions aimed at protecting young people that have been adopted in some countries in the Region. In recent years, online platforms have played an increasingly important role in alcohol advertising and marketing, and many countries have updated their legislation in order to mirror the current situation. The report gives an account of online formats used for alcohol marketing and the ways in which they pose challenges for regulation, control and monitoring. It further discusses the need to develop protocols for distinguishing native advertising, user-generated content, and other commercial messages that may be difficult to identify as commercial messages. The real senders of such material are consumers, sometimes teenagers and children. The report concludes that the global nature of alcohol marketing, and the ease with which it transcends national borders, necessitate regional and global responses, as well as national ones, and that opportunities exist to implement comprehensive, statutory regulations restricting or banning alcohol marketing to protect children and adolescents. In addition, increased awareness of the extensive challenges posed by online marketing, and political commitment to deal with them, are needed throughout Europe.

Маркетинг алкогольной продукции в Европейскомрегионе ВОЗ. Обновленный отчет об имеющихся фактических данных и рекомендуемых мерах в области политики

Алкоголь является одним из общемировых факторов риска заболеваний, а уровень потребления алкоголя в Европейском регионе Всемирной организации здравоохранения (ВОЗ) – самый высокий в мире. Исследования указывают на наличие корреляции между воздействием рекламы алкоголя и привычками потребления алкогольной продукции, в особенности между воздействием маркетинга алкогольной продукции на молодежь и приобщением к употреблению алкоголя, а также на наличие четкой взаимосвязи между таким воздействием и последующим эпизодическим употреблением алкоголя в чрезмерных количествах или злоупотреблением алкоголем. Данный краткий аналитический обзор посвящен анализу текущей ситуации в области нормативно-правового регулирования маркетинга алкогольной продукции в Европе. В обзоре показано, что, хотя в большинстве стран Европейского региона ВОЗ маркетинг так или иначе регулируется, лишь в немногих странах действуют установленные в законодательном порядке запреты, ограничивающие маркетинг алкогольной продукции. Кроме того, в обзоре приводятся примеры эффективных ограничений маркетинга с целью защиты молодежи, которые успешно внедряются в некоторых из стран Региона. В последние годы онлайн-платформы играют все более важную роль в сфере рекламы и маркетинга алкогольной продукции, и многие страны обновляют законодательство, с тем чтобы отразить текущую ситуацию. В данном докладе описываются онлайн-форматы, используемые для маркетинга алкогольной продукции, а также то, каким образом они создают проблемы для регулирования, контроля и мониторинга. Далее обсуждается необходимость разработки протоколов, позволяющих отличать нативную рекламу, пользовательский контент и другие формы коммерческой информации, которую может быть сложно определить как таковую. Истинными отправителями такого материала являются потребители, иногда подростки и дети.В докладе делается вывод о том, что глобальный характер маркетинга алкогольной продукции и легкость, с которой он преодолевает национальные границы, требуют ответных мер на региональном и глобальном уровне, а также на уровне стран, и что имеются возможности для внедрения комплексных мер правового регулирования, позволяющих ограничивать или запрещать маркетинг алкогольной продукции в целях защиты детей и подростков. Кроме того, во всей Европе необходимо повысить осведомленность о проблемах, которые создает онлайн-маркетинг, и о политической приверженности решению таких проблем.

Заключительный отчет о Региональной консультации по вопросу осуществления Европейского плана действий по сокращению вредного употребления алкоголя (2012−2020 гг.). Прага, Чешская Республика, 30 сентября – 1 октября 2019 г.

Вредное употребление алкоголя относится к ведущим факторам риска неудовлетворительного здоровья и смертности в Европейском регионе ВОЗ: на его долю в 2016 г. пришлось около одного миллиона случаев смерти. И через восемь лет после принятия "Европейского плана действий ВОЗ по сокращению вредного употребления алкоголя, 2012−2020 гг." в Европейском регионе по-прежнему самый высокий в мире уровень потребления алкоголя на душу населения и распространенности вреда, связанного с алкоголем. Проведенные в начале 2019 г. региональные консультации с государствами-членами и гражданским обществом показали необходимость усиления деятельности по реализации Европейского плана действий. С этой целью был разработан "Нулевой проект Дорожной карты практических шагов по усилению мер, необходимых для осуществления Европейского плана действий по сокращению вредного употребления алкоголя", который охватывает четыре приоритетных направления действий. В настоящем отчете кратко описывается еще одна региональная консультация по осуществлению Европейского плана действий и по проекту дорожной карты. В этой консультации, которая проходила в Праге, Чешская Республика, 30 сентября – 1 октября 2019 г., принимали участие представители 33-х государств-членов.Консультация продемонстрировала разнообразие ситуаций в Регионе, когда между странами существуют большие различия в стадиях осуществления стратегий по сокращению вредного употребления алкоголя, и выявила многие общие проблемы и трудности. Участники одобрили проект дорожной карты как содержащий весьма полезные рекомендации о том, как активизировать работу по осуществлению Плана в ключевых областях. Была подтверждена важность четырех предложенных приоритетов в его осуществлении (ценовая политика, доступность, маркетинг и информация о вреде для здоровья) и было предложено включить еще два приоритета (меры на уровне служб здравоохранения и работа с населением). Кроме того, были предложены и другие рекомендации о том, какие действия нужно предпринимать в дальнейшем, чтобы усилить работу в государствах-членах по сокращению вредного употребления алкоголя и защитить людей и все общество от вреда, связанного с алкоголем.

Final report on the Regional consultation on the implementation of the WHO European Action Plan to reduce the harmful use of alcohol (2012 – 2020): Prague, Czech Republic, 30 September – 1 October 2019

Harmful use of alcohol is among the leading risk factors for poor health and mortality in the WHO European Region, responsible for around one million deaths in 2016. Eight years after endorsement of the WHO European action plan to reduce the harmful use of alcohol 2012 – 2020, the European Region still has the highest alcohol per capita consumption and prevalence of alcohol related harm in the world. Regional consultations with Member States and civil society in early 2019 highlighted the need to strengthen implementation of the European action plan. To this end, a Zero draft Roadmap of actions to strengthen implementation of the WHO European Action Plan to Reduce the Harmful Use of Alcohol was developed, focusing on four priority areas. This report summarizes a further regional consultation on the implementation of the European action plan and the draft roadmap, involving representatives of 33 Member States, which was held in Prague, Czech Republic, 30 September - 1 October 2019. The consultation highlighted the diversity across the Region, with countries differing greatly in their stage of implementation of policies to reduce harmful use of alcohol, and identified many common challenges and difficulties. Participants confirmed the draft roadmap provides very useful guidance to boost implementation in key areas. The importance of the four proposed implementation priorities (pricing, availability, marketing and health information) was validated, and the inclusion of two further priorities (health service response and community action) was proposed. In addition, further recommendations for the way forward were proposed, with a view to strengthening Member States’ efforts to reduce harmful use of alcohol and protect people and societies from alcohol-related harm.

Technical note: Background on alcohol marketing regulation and monitoring for the protection of public health

This document provides evidence for arguments supporting alcohol marketing regulation, and suggests key elements that can be considered by countries in planning, developing, implementing, and evaluating effective regulation. It also provides legislative language that can assist governments in developing or modifying existing laws and implementing monitoring mechanisms. It complements a Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) report from an exploratory meeting on alcohol regulation held in January 2015 and is firmly based in the Global Strategy to Reduce the Harmful use of Alcohol of the World Health Organization (WHO), as well as the subsequent PAHO Regional Plan of Action, but also the WHO and PAHO plans of action for the prevention and control of Non Communicable Diseases, and PAHO resolutions on Health and Human Rights and the Strategy on Health Related Law. The first draft was produced by PAHO technical staff and presented at a meeting held in July 2016, with experts and representatives from selected Member States. The final document was extensively revised by PAHO staff after the meeting, following suggestions made by participants.

Medicalización más allá de los médicos: marketing farmacéutico en torno al trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad en Argentina y Brasil (1998-2014) / Medicalization beyond physicians: pharmaceutical marketing on attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder in Argentina and Brazil (1998-2014)

Desde un análisis crítico de los estudios de la medicalización, y como un aporte a estas perspectivas, describimos y analizamos los modos en que la industria farmacéutica transnacional penetra en diversos espacios sociales, con diferentes estrategias de marketing, interviniendo en la consolidación de procesos medicalizadores en Argentina y Brasil. Se analizan dos modalidades de expansión de los procesos de medicalización, y se desarrollan aspectos y tendencias específicas del diagnóstico y tratamiento del TDAH en ambos países: la incidencia de la industria farmacéutica en los grupos de apoyo en Brasil y las estrategias de marketing farmacéutico orientadas a actores no médicos en Argentina. Estas dos modalidades se caracterizan por no involucrar sólo al profesional médico. La metodología incluye datos de investigaciones conducidas en Argentina y Brasil entre 1998 y 2014, con sede en la Universidad de Buenos Aires y la Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, orientadas al estudio de los procesos de diagnóstico y tratamiento del TDAH y el consumo de metilfenidato en ambos países. Se emplearon técnicas de entrevista semiestructurada individual y grupal a profesores y profesionales de salud, estadísticas oficiales y de organizaciones profesionales, y revisión de bibliografía general y especializada nacional e internacional. Concluimos que los fenómenos documentados en Argentina y Brasil ponen de relieve la importancia de efectuar investigaciones que contemplen aspectos singulares de los casos empíricos, y sus múltiples vinculaciones con entramados más amplios y en tensión de saberes, dispositivos, normativas y actores involucrados en la medicalización en el siglo XXI.

From a critical analysis of medicalization studies, and as a contribution to these perspectives, we describe and analyze the ways in which the transnational pharmaceutical industry penetrates diverse social spaces, with different marketing strategies, to consolidate medicalized processes in Argentina and Brazil. We analyzed two expansion methods of medicalization processes and specific ADHD diagnostic and treatment aspects and trends were developed in both countries: the impact of the pharmaceutical industry on advocacy groups in Brazil and pharmaceutical marketing strategies aimed at non-medical actors in Argentina. These two methods are characterized by involving other actors than medical professionals. The methodology includes data from research conducted in Argentina and Brazil between 1998 and 2014, based in the University of Buenos Aires and in the State University of Rio de Janeiro, focused on the study of ADHD diagnostic and treatment processes and methylphenidate consumption in both countries. We used individual and group semi-structured interview techniques with professors and health professionals, official and professional organization statistics, and national and international general and specialized literature. We concluded that the phenomena documented in Argentina and Brazil highlight the importance of conducting investigations that covers specific aspects of empirical cases and their multiple connections with broader and intense knowledges networks, dispositives, normatives and actors involved in the medicalization in the 21st century.

WHO Regional Office for Europe nutrient profile model

This publication describes a regional nutrient profile model for use and adaptation by Member Statesof the WHO European Region when developing policies to restrict food marketing to children.

CINDI Noncommunicable Diseases Policy Academy: seminar on working across sectors for noncommunicable diseases (NCD): policy responses to marketing of alcohol and food marketing to children: Porto, Portugal, 27–29 October 2014

The Countrywide Integrated Noncommunicable Diseases Intervention (CINDI) network, together with WHO Regional Office for Europe, invited a number of countries to an Noncommunicable Diseases Policy Academy with the aim of informing, discussing and empowering participants to improve their national intersectoral programmes. To link the concept of working across sectors to a tangible topic, which is a priority for WHO European Member States, the seminar focused on the area of marketing to influence demand for alcohol and foods that are high in saturated fats, trans fats, salt and sugar (HFSS). The interactive seminar took place on 27–29 October 2014 in Porto, Portugal, and was hosted by the Directorate-General for Health in Portugal and the University of Porto. The participants were appointed from 11 countries that had requested guidance from the WHO Regional Office for Europe for working across sectors in the areas of alcohol and/or nutrition and healthy diets.

Европейское региональное бюро ВОЗ: модель профиля пищевых веществ

В данной публикации представлена региональная модель профилей питательных веществ, подготовленная для использования и адаптации государствами-членами Европейского региона ВОЗ при выработке политики ограничений на маркетинг продуктов питания для детей

Desafios do desenvolvimento em Miracema (RJ): uma abordagem territorial sustentável de saúde e ambiente / Development challenges in Miracema (RJ, Brasil): a territorial approach for the sustainable management of health and environment

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar e caracterizar um modelo de gestão do marketing como estratégia para promoção do município saudável e sustentável em Miracema (RJ). A estrutura da pesquisa deu-se, primeiro, pela coleta de dados primários, com a realização de entrevistas com gestores municipais para conhecer o Sistema de Gestão Municipal e construir mapas participativos para diagnóstico dos problemas e conflitos. Segundo, uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, interpretando a percepção junto à população por meio de questionário estruturado da problemática no município. Na investigação de ferramentas e instrumentos para resposta à problemática no município de Miracema utilizou-se como referencial a matriz Pressão-Estado-Impacto-Resposta (PEIR). Com base no conhecimento produzido, elaborou-se a proposta de gestão do marketing no município baseada nos indicadores de resposta diagnosticados na esfera municipal. Miracema apresenta potencial para desenvolvimento nos setores primário e secundário. O agronegócio deve ser desenvolvido no modelo sustentável, em conformidade com políticas públicas capazes de promover a continuidade de investimentos. O mesmo aplica-se ao aproveitamento da matéria prima na indústria. Logo, o Zoneamento Econômico Ecológico do município contemplando o ambiente induz a ferramenta indispensável de sua viabilidade.