Doença ulcerosa péptica: realmente é possível identificá-la por meio das características da dor epigástrica? / Peptic ulcer disease: is it really possible to identify it through the characteristics of epigastric pain?

OBJETIVO: Determinar se características da dor epigástrica são capazes de identificar pacientes com doença ulcerosa péptica. MÉTODOS: Estudo caso-controle, com coleta de dados de setembro de 2014 a junho de 2016. Foram incluídos pacientes com mais de 18 anos com dispepsia que realizaram endoscopia digestiva alta ambulatorialmente. Os pacientes foram abordados antes de realizar a endoscopia digestiva alta, verificando, em suas guias, a presença de dispepsia, tendo sido convidados a responder um questionário, e, posteriormente, o prontuário de cada entrevistado foi avaliado para verificação do diagnóstico, sendo, então, divididos entre o Grupo Doença Ulcerosa Péptica (casos), com 32 pacientes, e o Grupo Controle, com 44 pacientes com dispepsia atribuída a outras causas. RESULTADOS: Dos pacientes com dispepsia não ulcerosa, 52,27% caracterizaram a dor como em queimação, sendo 47,72% moderada e que piorava com alimentação. Dentre os demais sintomas, 45,45% relataram náuseas e 25% desconforto pós-prandial, com 52,27% relatando histórico familiar negativo de doença ulcerosa péptica. Em contrapartida, dos pacientes com doença ulcerosa péptica, 53,12% referiram dor em queimação e de moderada intensidade, e 50% relataram piora com alimentação. Dentre os demais sintomas, prevaleceram também náuseas (53,12%) e desconforto pós-prandial (40,62%). A maioria (81,25%) relatou histórico familiar de doença ulcerosa péptica. Observou-se diferença estatística em dor noturna, predominando na doença ulcerosa péptica (p=0,0225) e dor em cólica na dispepsia não ulcerosa (p=0,0308), assim como na ausência de histórico familiar entre os pacientes com dispepsia não ulcerosa (p=0,0195). CONCLUSÃO: A dispepsia relacionada à doença ulcerosa péptica relaciona-se, principalmente, à piora noturna, sendo que a intensidade da dor, a relação com alimentação e os sintomas associados não auxiliaram na diferenciação da dispepsia não ulcerosa, diferentemente do que a literatura tradicionalmente informa. (AU)

To determine whether it is possible to identify Peptic Ulcer Disease through the characteristics of epigastric pain. METHODS: This is a case-control study with data collected between September 2014 and June 2016 including patients over 18 years of age with dyspepsia who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy as outpatients. The patients were approached before the upper gastrointestinal endoscopy when their test requisition form indicated the presence of dyspepsia. The subjects were invited to answer a questionnaire and, afterwards, the records of all interviewees were evaluated to check for the diagnosis. Then, they were divided into a peptic ulcer disease group (cases), with 32 patients, and a control group, with 44 patients with dyspepsia from other causes. RESULTS: Among non-ulcer dyspepsia patients, 52.27% described the pain as a "burning pain", with 47.72% reporting it as moderate and aggravated by food intake. As for other symptoms, 45.45% of subjects reported nausea, and 25% reported postprandial discomfort; 52.27% had no family history of peptic ulcer disease. In contrast, 53.12% of peptic ulcer disease patients reported "burning" and moderate pain, and 50% said the pain was aggravated by eating. As for the other symptoms, nausea (53.12%) and postprandial discomfort (40.62%) prevailed; most of the patients (81.25%) had family history of peptic ulcer disease. There was a statistical difference in night pain, which was more prevalent in peptic ulcer disease (p=0.0225), and colicky pain, which was more frequent in nonulcer dyspepsia (p=0.0308), as well as absence of family history in non-ulcer dyspepsia patients (p=0.0195). CONCLUSION: Dyspepsia caused by peptic ulcer disease is mainly related to night worsening, and pain intensity, the relationship with food intake, and associated symptoms did not help differentiate nonulcer dyspepsia, differently from what the medical literature traditionally suggests. (AU)

Náuseas y vómitos: evaluación y manejo / Nausea and vomiting: assessment and management

Vomiting is a reflex action of motor and autonomous responses, resulting in violent expulsion of gastric contents through the mouth, triggered by humoral and neural stimuli. It must be distinguished from regurgitation or gagging. Nausea, on the other hand, is a subjective uncomfortable feeling that most people have experienced and is generally described as an imminent need to vomit, felt in the epigastrium and throat. These can be symptoms of a series of pathologies, and represent a reason for frequent consultation at emergency health care units. Both acute and chronic occurrence must be assessed carefully to identify its etiological agent in order to administer proper treatment focused on the symptoms. Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, after chemotherapy, and cyclic vomiting syndrome will be further developed. In addition, nausea and vomiting treatment in the emergency room is reviewed.

El vómito es un reflejo coordinado de respuestas motoras y autonómicas que resulta en la expulsión violenta del contenido gástrico por la boca, activado por estímulos humorales o neuronales. Debe distinguirse de regurgitación o arcadas. La náusea, por otro lado, es una sensación subjetiva desagradable que la mayoría de las personas han experimentado en algún momento de su vida y, por lo general, reconocen como una sensación de inminente vómito, en el epigastrio o garganta. Son un síntoma de una pléyade de diversas patologías, y corresponde a un motivo de consulta frecuente en servicios de urgencia. Tanto su presentación aguda, como crónica deben ser evaluadas en forma integral de modo de identificar la etiología y poder brindar un tratamiento, tanto sintomático como dirigido. Las náuseas y vómitos en el embarazo, en relación a quimioterapia, y el síndrome de vómito cíclico serán abordados en profundidad. Del mismo modo se realiza una revisión del tratamiento de náuseas y vómitos indiferenciados, en el servicio de urgencia.