Hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and α-mRNA expression in HCV-infected adults is decreased by HIV co-infection and is also affected by ethnicity

OBJECTIVE: To determine peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α and γ mRNA expression in liver tissue of hepatitis C virus-infected patients with and without human immunodeficiency virus and its possible contribution to an acceleration of liver disease progression. METHODS: We measured peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and γ mRNA expression by real-time polymerase chain reaction in liver tissues from 40 subjects infected only with hepatitis C virus, 36 subjects co-infected with hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus and 11 normal adults. RESULTS: Hepatic mRNA expression of both peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors was significantly lower in hepatitis C virus-infected subjects with and without human immunodeficiency virus co-infection compared to the controls. Non-black race was also identified as a predictor of lower peroxisome receptor α and γ mRNA expression. Compared to subjects infected only with hepatitis C virus, liver peroxisome receptor γ mRNA expression was significantly lower in hepatitis C virus/human immunodeficiency virus-co-infected subjects (0.0092 in hepatitis C virus/human immunodeficiency virus-co-infection vs. 0.0120 in hepatitis C virus-only; p=0.004). Hepatic peroxisome receptor α mRNA expression in the hepatitis C virus-infected patients was lower in the presence of human immunodeficiency virus co-infection in non-black subjects (0.0769 vs. 0.1061; p=0.02), whereas the levels did not vary based on human immunodeficiency virus status among black subjects. CONCLUSION: mRNA expression of both peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors is impaired in hepatitis C virus-infected liver and further reduced by human immunodeficiency virus co-infection, although the suppressive effects of the viruses are substantially mitigated in black patients.

Influence of PPARA, RXRA, NR1I2 and NR1I3 gene polymorphisms on the lipid-lowering efficacy and safety of statin therapy / Influência de polimorfismos nos genes PPARA, RXRA, NR1I2 e NR1I3 na eficácia hipolipemiante e na segurança da terapia com estatinas

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was investigate the association between six genetic variants in the nuclear receptor genes PPARA, RXRA, NR1I2 and NR1I3 and the lipid-lowering efficacy and safety of statin therapy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study was carried out on 240 Brazilian hypercholesterolemic patients on simvastatin and atorvastatin therapy. The polymorphisms were analyzed by PCR-based methods. RESULTS: The NR1I3 rs2307424 genotype distribution was different between subjects with and without adverse drug reactions. Among subjects in the ADR group, no T/T homozygotes were observed for this polymorphism, while in the non-ADR group the frequency of this genotype was 19.4% (P = 0.007, after multiple testing corrections P = 0.042). CONCLUSION: The polymorphisms investigated in PPARA (rs1800206), RXRA (rs11381416), and NR1I2 (rs1523130) did not influence the lipid-lowering efficacy and safety of statin. Our results show the possible influence of NR1I3 genetic variant on the safety of statin.

OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a associação de seis variantes genéticas nos genes de receptores nucleares PPARA, RXRA, NR1I2 e NR1I3 na eficácia hipolipemiante e na segurança da terapia com estatinas. SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: O estudo foi realizado com 240 pacientes hipercolesterolêmicos em terapia com sinvastina e atorvastatina. Os polimorfismos foram analisados por meio de métodos baseados em PCR. RESULTADOS: A distribuição da frequência genotípica do polimorfismo NR1I3 rs2307424 foi diferente entre os pacientes com e sem efeito adverso à medicação; entre os sujeitos do grupo com efeitos adversos, nenhum homozigoto T/T foi observado, enquanto no grupo de indivíduos sem efeitos adversos a frequência desse genótipo foi 19,4% (P = 0,007, após correção para múltiplos testes P = 0,042). CONCLUSÃO: Os polimorfismos investigados nos genes PPARA (rs1800206), RXRA (rs11381416) e NR1I2 (rs1523130) não foram associados com eficácia hipolipemiante e segurança da terapia com estatinas. Nossos resultados mostram uma possível influência de variantes do gene NR1I3 (rs2307424) no desenvolvimento de efeitos adversos à terapia com estatinas.