Cirugía mínimamente invasiva de la válvula aórtica. 15 años de experiencia en el Hospital Regional de Temuco, Chile / Ministernotomy for aortic valve surgery: a 15-year experience

Resumen Introducción: La cirugía de la válvula aórtica puede ser efectuada a través de una esternotomía reducida con menos trauma quirúrgico, una recuperación más rápida, mejores resultados cosméticos y excelentes resultados a largo plazo. Objetivo: Comunicar los resultados a largo plazo obtenidos con el abordaje mínimamente invasivo en el Hospital Regional de Temuco. Material y Método: Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo de 286 pacientes operados con técnica mini invasiva comparados con 1161 pacientes operados a través de esternotomía completa para reemplazo valvular aórtico por enfermedad valvular entre 2004 y 2019. La edad promedio fue 62,1±6,4 años. Para la canulación arterial y venosa se utilizaron cánulas de tamaño pequeño. El flujo de circulación extracorpórea promedio fue 4.5 L/min. Se utilizó cardioplejia sanguínea infundida por vía anterógrada y retrograda. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva con medidas de tendencia central y dispersión. Las variables categóricas fueron comparadas con el test de X^2 y las variables continuas con "t" test y ANOVA. La supervivencia actuarial se calculó mediante el método de Kaplan Meier con el programa Stata 14. Resultados: No hubo diferencia en la mortalidad a 30 días entre los grupos. Hallazgos similares se encontraron para arritmias, complicaciones cerebrales y bloqueo AV que requirió marcapasos. Hubo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa a favor del grupo de ministernotomía para reoperación por sangrado, días de estadía en UCI y estadía hospitalaria. El seguimiento promedio fue 101 ± 4 (1169 meses). La mayoría de los pacientes estaban en capacidad funcional I y libre de eventos cardiovasculares y reoperación. En el control post operatorio se hizo un ecocardiograma en el 86% de los pacientes mostrando buen resultado hemodinámico, similar en ambos grupos, y para distintas prótesis utilizadas. La probabilidad de sobrevida actuarial fue de 97% y la probabilidad de estar libre de eventos cardiovasculares fue 93% a 156 meses de seguimiento. Conclusión: La mini esternotomía es una técnica segura para la cirugía valvular aórtica con excelentes resultados en el largo plazo, permitiendo simplificar la cirugía, reducir los costos hospitalarios y permite una recuperación con menos secuelas cosméticas.

Abstract: Background: Aortic valve surgery can be performed through a reduced ministernotomy with less surgical trauma, improved cosmetics, faster recovery and excellent long-term results. Aim: To report the long-term results obtained with the minimally invasive approach technique in Southern Chile. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 286 patients operated with the less invasive technique compared to 1161 patients operated on with full sternotomy for aortic valve replacement between 2004 and 2019 was performed. Arterial and venous cannulation was performed using small cannulas. Mean extracorporeal circulation flow was 4.5 L/min. Antegrade and retrograde cold cardioplegia was used. Statistical Analysis: Data are reported with measures of central tendency and dispersion. Categorical variables were compared with the X^2 test and ANOVA. Actuarial survival rate was calculated by Kaplan Meier method. The Stata 14 package was used for data analysis. Results: Demographic characteristics are shown in Table 1. Mean age of the whole cohort was 62.1 y/o (SD 6.4). There was no difference in 30 day mortality between groups. Incidence of arrhythmia, cerebral complications and AV block requiring pacemaker was similar between groups. There were no significant statistical differences in reoperation for bleeding, days of stay at the ICU and overall hospital stay. Mean follow up was 101 ± 4 (1169) months. After surgery most patients are in FC I and free from cardiac events and reoperation. In the postoperative period echocardiographic assessment was performed in 86% of patients showing similar hemodynamic function of the implanted valve. Actuarial survival rate was 97% and probability of freedom from cardiac events was 93% at 156 months of follow up. Conclusions: Ministernotomy is an excellent approach for aortic valve surgery which can be performed with very good results not inferior to those obtained with full sternotomy thus simplifying the surgical technique and reducing local hospital costs.

Nefrectomia en la edad pediátrica con técnica de cirugia minimamente invasiva: abordaje retroperitoneal como estándar de oro para el paciente sin o con enfermedad renal crónica (premio dr. efrain vargas año 2014) / Nephrectomy in pediatric age with minimally invasive surgery technique: retroperitoneal approach as a gold standard for patients without or with chronic kidney disease (Dr. Efrain Vargas Award 2014)

Existen múltiples patologías del tracto urinario, ya sea congénitas o adquiridas, que requieren de tratamiento quirúrgico de Nefrectomía total o parcial. En el siguiente estudio longitudinal prospectivo se incluyen 21 nefroureterectomías en pacientes pediátricos con patología del tracto urinario con o sin enfermedad renal crónica y algún tipo de terapia de reemplazo renal, realizados con la técnica de Cirugía Minimamente Invasiva (CMI) abordaje retroperitoneal o retroperitoneoscopía. (AU)

There are several urinary tract diseases, such as congenital or adquired, that require total or partial nephrectomy. This prospective longitudinal study included 21 total nephrectomies in pediatric patients with or without end stage renal disease and some kind of renal replacement therapy. All surgeries were done with retroperitoneal approach using minimally invasive surgery (MIS), retroperitoneoscopy. (AU)

Cirugía robótica colorectal, en un hospital de comunidad cerrada: experiencia inicial leído en sesión SACP, 11 de octubre de 2019 / Colorectal robotic surgery in a closed community hospital: initial experience read in SACP session, october 11, 2019

Introducción: La introducción del sistema Da Vinci, ha revolucionado el campo de la cirugía mínima invasiva en el cual el cirujano tiene control de la cámara 3D y los instrumentos son de gran destreza y confort ergonómico, acortando la curva de aprendizaje quirúrgica. Objetivo: Describir nuestra experiencia inicial de cirugía robótica colorectal en un hospital de comunidad cerrada de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Materiales y Método: Estudio retrospectivo descriptivo sobre una base prospectiva de cirugías colorectales robóticas realizadas por el mismo equipo quirúrgico desde mayo de 2016 a abril de 2019. Resultados: Se operaron 41 pacientes. Trece de ellos fueron colectomías derechas, 17 colectomías izquierdas y 11 cirugías de recto. El tiempo quirúrgico promedio fue de 170 minutos (90-330), la estadía hospitalaria de 4 días (3-30), la tasa de conversión de 7,31% (3/41 pacientes) y la tasa de dehiscencia anastomótica del 9,75% (4/41 pacientes). Morbilidad global del 19.5% (8/41 pacientes). Conclusión: Hemos repasado los resultados iniciales de nuestra experiencia en cirugía robótica colorectal en un número reducido de casos, pero suficiente para evaluar la seguridad y reproducibilidad del método al comienzo de una curva de aprendizaje.

Introduction: The introduction of the Da Vinci System, has revolved the field of invasive minimal surgery in which the surgeon has control of the 3d camera and the instruments are of great strength and ergonomic comfort by cutting the surgical learning curve. Objective: Of this preliminary presentation is to describe our initial experience of colorectal robotic surgery in a closed community hospital of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires. Materials and Method: Retrospective descriptive study on a prospective basis of robotic colorectal surgeries performed by the same surgical team from May 2016 to April 2019.Results: 41 patients were operated. 13 of them were right colectomies, 17 left colectomies and 11 rectum surgeries. The average surgical time was 170 minutes (90-330), the average hospital stay of 4 days (3-30), the conversion rate of 7.31% (3/41 patients) and the anastomotic dehiscence rate of 9 , 75% (4/41 patients). Overall morbidity of 19.5% (8/41 patients).Conclusion: We have reviewed the initial results of our experience in colorectal robotic surgery in a reduced number of cases but sufficient to evaluate the security and reproducibility of the methodic learning of a learning curve.

Description of a minimally invasive technique with a modified instrument for the osteosynthesis of proximal femoral fractures using the standard DHS and case series / Osteossíntese de fraturas do fêmur proximal minimamente invasiva com um instrumento modificado usando o DHS padrão: descrição de técnica e série de casos

ABSTRACT Introduction: the number of hip fractures is estimated to increase from 1.66 million in 1990 to 6.26 million by 2050. Internal fixation is the most common surgical treatment for intertrochanteric fractures. Objectives: the objective of the present research is to describe a minimally invasive technique with a modified instrument for the treatment of stable proximal femoral trochanteric fractures using the standard DHS, classified as Tronzo types 1 and 2 (AO 31A1.2), and presenting a case series. Methods: a case was selected to present the technique. Patients operated by this technique undergo a clinical evaluation and preoperative preparation as routine. The criteria for inclusion in the study were the presence of stable fracture of the proximal femur verified by two hip specialist orthopedists, and operated by the minimally invasive technique with a modified instrument using a standard DHS. Exclusion criteria were cases of patients operated for unstable fractures, and the use of other surgical techniques. A case series of 98 patients was performed and discussed. Results: minimally invasive technique with a modified instrument using the standard DHS device can reduce bleeding, it decreases soft tissue injuries, surgical time, and hospital stay, as any other MIPO procedures. Ninety-eight patients underwent the operation (Tronzo types I and II), 59 female and 39 male, ages from 50 to 85 years old. Immediate post-operative complications were shortening of the lower limb, loss of fracture reduction, and death by clinical complications. Conclusion: the present study describes a minimally invasive surgical technique using a modified instrument to perform proximal femoral osteosynthesis for stable trochanteric fractures, using the standard DHS.

RESUMO Introdução: estima-se que o número de fraturas de quadril aumente de 1,66 milhão em 1990 para 6,26 milhões em 2050. A fixação interna é o tratamento cirúrgico mais comumente utilizado para as fraturas intertrocantéricas. Objetivos: o objetivo da presente investigação é descrever uma técnica minimamente invasiva com um instrumento modificado para o tratamento de fraturas trocantéricas femorais proximais estáveis, classificadas como tipos I e II de Tronzo (AO 31A1.2), usando o DHS padrão, e apresentar uma série de casos. Métodos: foi selecionado um caso aleatório para apresentar a técnica. Os pacientes operados por essa técnica passam por avaliação clínica e preparo pré-operatório de rotina. Os critérios para inclusão no estudo foram a presença de fratura estável do fêmur proximal, verificada por dois ortopedistas especialistas em quadril, e operada pela técnica minimamente invasiva com um instrumento modificado usando um DHS padrão. Os critérios de exclusão foram os casos de pacientes operados por fraturas instáveis e o uso de outras técnicas cirúrgicas. Uma série de casos de 98 pacientes foi realizada e é discutida. Resultados: a técnica minimamente invasiva com o instrumento modificado usando o dispositivo DHS padrão pode reduzir a hemorragia, as lesões dos tecidos moles, o tempo cirúrgico e a estadia hospitalar, tal como quaisquer outros procedimentos de osteossíntese minimamente invasivos. Noventa e oito pacientes foram operados (tipos I e II de Tronzo), 59 do sexo feminino e 39 do masculino, com idades entre 50 e 85 anos. As complicações pós-operatórias imediatas foram encurtamento do membro inferior, perda da redução da fratura e morte por complicações clínicas. Conclusão: o presente estudo descreve uma técnica cirúrgica minimamente invasiva, utilizando um instrumento modificado para realizar osteossíntese femoral proximal para fraturas trocantéricas estáveis, utilizando o DHS padrão.

Fracturas de tobillo en ancianos y personas de edad muy avanzada / Ankle fractures in the elder and old people

Introducción: La Organización Mundial de la Salud define como persona anciana a toda aquella de entre 75 y 90 años, y los que sobrepasan esta edad se denominan personas de edad muy avanzada. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los resultados posoperatorios de las fracturas de tobillo tratadas con técnicas MIPO, y de reducción abierta y fijación interna (RAFI), en las que se logró una reducción funcional y biológica en pacientes >75 años. Materiales y Métodos: Entre 2013 y 2017, se evaluó a 13 pacientes >75 años con fractura inestable de tobillo. Seis fueron operados con técnica MIPO y siete, con RAFI. Todos fueron evaluados a los 90 días y a los 18 meses de la cirugía mediante el puntaje de la AOFAS. Resultados: La edad promedio era de 79.7 años (rango 75-95). El puntaje global de la AOFAS fue 97 a los 90 días y 96 a los 18 meses. No se observaron pérdidas de reducción ni vicios de ejes. Conclusión: Nuestro estudio indica que la reducción biológica y funcional en pacientes >75 años es el tratamiento ideal para las fracturas de tobillo. Nivel de Evidencia: IV

Introduction: The World Health Organization defines an elderly person as anyone who is between 75 and 90 years of age, while those older are called old people. The objective of this study was to discuss postoperative results of ankle fractures treated with MIPO and ORIF techniques, achieving a functional and biological reduction in patients older than 75 years. Methods: Between 2013 and 2017, 13 patients beyond the age of 75 with unstable ankle fractures were evaluated. Six were treated with MIPO technique and 7 with ORIF. All patients were evaluated at 90 days and at 18 months postoperatively using the AOFAS score. Results: Mean age was 79.7 years (range 75-95). Overall postoperative AOFAS score was 97 at day 90 and 96 at 18 months. No losses of reduction or shaft defects were observed. Conclusion: Our study indicates that biological and functional reduction in patients older than 75 years is the ideal treatment for ankle fractures. Level of Evidence: IV

Evaluación comparativa en calidad de vida de pacientes con RAUB, RAUBIE vs RAP por cáncer de recto. Informe preliminar / Comparative evaluation in quality of life of patients with RAUB, RAUBIE vs APR for rectal cancer. Preliminary report

Resumen Introducción: La resección abdominoperineal (RAP) era el tratamiento estándar del cáncer de recto medio o bajo quedando el paciente sin ano y con una ostomía permanente. En los últimos 20 años el desarrollo de nuevas técnicas quirúrgicas, con adecuados resultados quirúrgicos y oncológicos, han permitido ofrecer al paciente la preservación del aparato esfinteriano, sin embargo, éstas pueden presentar problemas de tipo funcional lo que podría derivar en una alteración de la calidad de vida del paciente. Objetivo: Comparar la alteración en la calidad de vida en pacientes sometidos a RAP versus técnicas con preservación de esfínter anal en pacientes operados por cáncer de recto. Materiales y Método: Estudio de cohorte transversal con pacientes operados por cáncer de recto medio-bajo en nuestro hospital entre los años 2009 a 2015. Se utiliza el instrumento EuroQuol-5D2,3 validado en español chileno. Resultados: Se incluyen 39 pacientes, 11 corresponden a colostomía definitiva y 28 a preservación de esfínter. En el análisis por dominios se observaron diferencias significativas en el grupo con ostomía definitiva en el ítem de actividades habituales y a favor de la preservación de esfínter en el ítem sexualidad. Conclusiones: La técnica quirúrgica utilizada en pacientes con cáncer rectal medio-bajo altera la calidad de vida, razón por la cual debe ser adecuadamente seleccionada y además advertir al paciente de las consecuencias que dicha cirugía puede ocasionar.

Introduction: The abdominoperineal resection (APR) was the standard treatment of middle-low rectal cancer, in the last 20 years the development of sparing techniques with sphincter preservation with adequate surgical and oncological results has allowed to offer the patient the sphincter apparatus preservation, avoiding the definitive colostomy, however, these techniques may present secondary incontinence to the loss of the rectum. Both surgical options can affect the quality of life of the patient and this element should be considered. Objective: To compare the change in quality of life of patients undergoing APR vs sphincter preserving techniques in patients operated for rectal cancer. Materials and Method: Cross-sectional cohort study with medium-low rectal cancer patients, operated in our hospital from 2009 to 2015. The instrument EuroQuol-5D2, validated in chilean spanish is used. Results: 39 patients were included (11 definitive colostomy and 28 sphincter preservation). In the analysis by domains, significant differences were observed favor to definitive colostomy in the Item of "Habitual Activities" and favor to sphincter preservation in the Item "Sexuality". Conclusions: In patients with middle-low rectal cancer, the choice of surgical technique have a measurable impact on the patient's quality of life.

Brazilian and argentinean multicentric study in the surgical minimally invasive treatment of pilonidal cyst / Estudo multicêntrico brasileiro e argentino no tratamento cirúrgico do cisto pilonidal por técnica minimamente invasiva

ABSTRACT Background: The pilonidal cyst is an infection of the skin and the subcutaneous tissue, secondary to a chronic inflammation with a greater frequency in the sacrococcygeal region, and associated to the presence of hair. The treatment is eminently surgical. Aim: To demonstrate the endoscopic treatment of pilonidal cyst. Method: Prospective study with 67 patients who had as surgical indication the diagnosis of pilonidal cyst. They were submitted to a surgical procedure from June 2014 to March 2018. The equipment used was the Meinero fistuloscope, a shutter, a monopolar electrode, a brush and endoscopic forceps. Results: Of the 67 patients, 67% (n=45) were male and 33% (n=22) female, with a mean age of 25 years (17-45). Surgical time in average was 40 min (20-120) and mean healing time of four weeks (3-12). Surgical complications were presented in 7% cases (n=5) and recurrences in 9% (n=6). Conclusion: The endoscopic treatment of the pilonidal cyst is feasible and presents good surgical results.

RESUMO Racional: O cisto pilonidal é infecção da pele e do tecido subcutâneo, secundário à inflamação crônica, com maior frequência na região sacrococcígea, e associado à presença de pelos nesta região. O tratamento é eminentemente cirúrgico. Objetivo: Demonstrar os resultados do tratamento endoscópico de cisto pilonidal. Método: Estudo prospectivo, com 67 pacientes que tiveram como indicação cirúrgica o diagnóstico de cisto pilonidal. Os equipamentos utilizados foram o fistuloscópio Meinero, um obturador, um eletrodo monopolar, uma escova e pinça endoscópica. Resultados: Dos 67 pacientes 67% (n=45) eram homens e 33% (n=22) mulheres, com média de idade de 25 anos (17-45). O tempo cirúrgico teve com média 40 min (20-120) e o tempo médio de cicatrização de quatro semanas (3-12). Complicações cirúrgicas ocorreram em 7% da amostra (n=5) e recidivas da doença em 9% (n=6). Conclusão: O tratamento endoscópico do cisto pilonidal é viável e apresenta bons resultados cirúrgicos.

Experiencia inicial con esofagectomia mínimamente invasiva transtorácica en posición semiprono por cáncer esofágico / Initial experience with minimally invasive transtoraxic esophagectomy in semiprone position for esophageal cancer

Resumen Introducción El tratamiento quirúrgico del cáncer esofágico se asocia a una alta morbimortalidad. El abordaje mínimamente invasivo se ha introducido con el objetivo de disminuir la morbilidad postoperatoria. Objetivo Describir la técnica y los resultados de la esofagectomía mínimamente invasiva (EMI) transtorácica en posición semiprono. Métodos Estudio de cohorte descriptivo. Se incluyeron pacientes con una EMI electiva por cáncer entre abril de 2013 y mayo de 2017. Se registraron variables demográficas, perioperatorias, anatomía patológica y la sobrevida. Resultados Incluimos 33 pacientes (24 hombres, edad 69 años, 91% con comorbilidades). La ubicación predominante del tumor fue en los tercios medio e inferior del esófago (90%). Quince (45%) pacientes recibieron neoadyuvancia. No existieron casos de conversión a toracotomías. La reconstrucción se realizó con estómago en un 93%. Se realizó anastomosis cervical en 66% y torácica en 30%. El tiempo operatorio fue de 420 (330-570) minutos y el sangrado de 200 (20-700) cc. La mortalidad a 90 días fue de 0%. La morbilidad global fue de 78%, se registró un 15% de neumonía y un 9% requirió una reoperación. La estadía hospitalaria fue de 23 (11-81) días. La histología fue carcinoma escamoso en 51% y adenocarcinoma en 45%. Los márgenes fueron RO en 87%. El recuento ganglionar alcanzó 30 (9-45) ganglios. La sobrevida global a 2 años es 68%. Conclusión Los resultados preliminares de esta técnica son favorables; sin ningún caso de mortalidad postoperatoria. Los resultados oncológicos demuestran un alto porcentaje de cirugía RO y adecuado recuento ganglionar.

Introduction Surgical treatment of esophageal cancer is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The minimally invasive approach has been introduced with the aim of reducing postoperative morbidity. Aim To describe the surgical technique and the results of transthoracic minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) in semiprone position. Material and Methods Descriptive cohort study. Patients with an elective MIE for cancer were included between April 2013 and May 2017. Demographic, perioperative, pathology and survival variables were recorded. Results We included 33 patients (24 men, age 69 years, 91% with comorbidities). The predominant location of the tumor was in the middle and lower thirds of the esophagus (90%). Fifteen (45%) patients received neoadjuvant treatment. There were no cases of conversion to thoracotomy. The reconstruction was performed with stomach in 93%. Cervical anastomosis was performed in 66% and thoracic anastomosis in 30%. The operative time was 420 (330-570) minutes and bleeding 200 (20-700) cc. The 90-day mortality rate was 0%. Overall morbidity was 78%, there was a 15% occurrence of pneumonia and 9% required a reoperation. The hospital stay was 23 (11-81) days. The histology was squamous carcinoma in 51% and adenocarcinoma in 45%. Margins were RO at 87%. The lymph node count reached 30 (9-45) lymph nodes. Overall 2-year survival is 68%. Conclusion The preliminary results of this technique are favorable, without any case of postoperative mortality. The oncological results demonstrate a high percentage of RO surgery and adequate lymph node count.

Percutaneous drainage of iliopsoas abscess: an effective option in cases not suitable for surgery / Drenagem percutânea de abscesso de iliopsoas: uma opção efetiva em casos não candidatos à cirurgia

ABSTRACT The aim of this study were to describe the technique of percutaneous drainage of iliopsoas abscess, and to discuss the benefits of using this minimally-invasive tool. A single center study with retrospective analysis of patients with psoas abscess confirmed by imaging scans, sent to the interventional medicine center and submitted to computed tomography and ultrasound-guided percutaneous drainage, from November 2013 to August 2016. Seven patients underwent percutaneous drainage of psoas abscess in this period. The mean initial drained volume was 61.4±50.7mL (ranging from 10 to 130mL), and the mean drainage duration was 8.3±2.8 days (ranging from 4 to 12 days). The success rate of the percutaneous procedures was 71.5%, and two patients required re-intervention. Image-guided percutaneous drainage of iliopsoas abscess is a minimally invasive, efficient and safe procedure, and an extremely valuable technique, especially for patients who are not suitable for surgical repair.

RESUMO Os objetivos deste estudo foram descrever a técnica de drenagem percutânea de abscesso de iliopsoas e discutir os benefícios do uso desta ferramenta minimamente invasiva. Trata-se de estudo unicêntrico com análise retrospectiva de pacientes com abscesso de psoas confirmado por exames de imagem, encaminhados a um centro de medicina intervencionista e submetidos à drenagem percutânea guiada por tomografia computadorizada e ultrassonografia, de novembro de 2013 a agosto de 2016. Sete pacientes foram submetidos à drenagem percutânea de abscesso de psoas no período avaliado. O volume drenado inicial médio foi 61,4±50,7mL (variação de 10 a 130mL), e a duração média da drenagem foi de 8,3±2,8 dias (variação de 4 a 12 dias). A taxa de sucesso dos procedimentos percutâneos foi 71,5%, e dois pacientes necessitaram de reintervenção. A drenagem percutânea guiada por imagem de abscesso de iliopsoas é um procedimento minimamente invasivo, eficiente e seguro, além de ser uma técnica muito valiosa, especialmente em pacientes que não são candidatos à abordagem cirúrgica.

Transtemporal amygdalohippocampectomy: a novel minimally-invasive technique with optimal clinical results and low cost / Amigdalo-hipocampectomia transtemporal: técnica minimamente invasiva com ótimos resultados clínicos e baixo custo

ABSTRACT Mesial temporal sclerosis creates a focal epileptic syndrome that usually requires surgical resection of mesial temporal structures. Objective: To describe a novel operative technique for treatment of temporal lobe epilepsy and its clinical results. Methods: Prospective case-series at a single institution, performed by a single surgeon, from 2006 to 2012. A total of 120 patients were submitted to minimally-invasive keyhole transtemporal amygdalohippocampectomy. Results: Of the patients, 55% were male, and 85% had a right-sided disease. The first 70 surgeries had a mean surgical time of 2.51 hours, and the last 50 surgeries had a mean surgical time of 1.62 hours. There was 3.3% morbidity, and 5% mild temporal muscle atrophy. There was no visual field impairment. On the Engel Outcome Scale at the two-year follow-up, 71% of the patients were Class I, 21% were Class II, and 6% were Class III. Conclusion: This novel technique is feasible and reproducible, with optimal clinical results.

RESUMO A esclerose mesial temporal é uma síndrome epiléptica focal que requer ablação de estruturas mesiais temporais. Objetivo: Descrever e padronizar a técnica operatória e resultados clínicos. Métodos: Série prospectiva de casos de uma única instituição, realizadas por um único cirurgião, de 2006 a 2012. 120 doentes foram submetidos a amigdalo-hipocampectomia transtemporal por acesso mínimo (keyhole). Resultados: 55% eram do sexo masculino, 85% apresentavam doença do lado direito. As primeiras 70 cirurgias tiveram um tempo cirúrgico médio de 2,51 horas, e as últimas 50 cirurgias tiveram um tempo cirúrgico médio de 1,62 horas. Houve morbidade de 3,3%. 5% dos doentes apresentaram atrofia leve de músculo temporal. O controle das convulsões foi avaliado com a Escala de Engel no segundo ano de pós operatorio, 71% eram Classe I, 21% Classe II, 6% Classe III. Conclusão: Esta nova técnica é viável, reprodutível e com resultados clínicos adequados.

Safety and short term outcomes of a new truly minimally-invasive mesh-less and dissection-less anchoring system for pelvic organ prolapse apical repair

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the safety and short term outcomes of a new, truly minimally-invasive, mesh-less and dissection-less anchoring system for pelvic floor apical repair. Methods A prospective study was conducted using the NeuGuide™ device system for pelvic floor apical repair. The primary effectiveness outcome was centro-apical pelvic floor prolapse by POP-Q after six months. The primary safety outcome was intra-operative, immediate (first 48 h) post-operative complications and adverse effects after six months. A standardized questionnaire (UDI-6) to assess quality of life at entry and during follow-up visits was used. Patients’ six months-follow-up and evaluation are reported. Results The mean age of the study population (n=10) was 63.8±12.0 years. All patients had a previous prolapse surgery. Five had a previous hysterectomy and two had stress urinary incontinence symptoms. During surgery six patients had a concurrent colporrhaphy. There was no injury to the bladder, rectum, pudendal nerves, or major pelvic vessels and no febrile morbidity was recorded. At six months, no cases of centro-apical recurrence were noted. Patients were satisfied with the procedure and had favorable quality of life scores. Using the UDI-6 questionnaire an improvement, in all domains was seen. Moreover, although the sample size was small, the improvement in urge and overflow incontinence related domains were demonstrated to be statistically significant. Conclusions This new NeuGuide™ device allows rapid and safe introduction of a suspending suture through the sacrospinous ligament and makes sacrospinous ligament fixation easy to perform, while avoiding dissection and mesh complications.

Urine leak in minimally invasive partial nephrectomy: analysis of risk factors and role of intraoperative ureteral catheterization

Purpose To investigate risk factors for urine leak in patients undergoing minimally invasive partial nephrectomy (MIPN) and to determine the role of intraoperative ureteral catheterization in preventing this postoperative complication. Materials and Methods MIPN procedures done from September 1999 to July 2012 at our Center were reviewed from our IRB-approved database. Patient and tumor characteristics, operative techniques and outcomes were analyzed. Patients with evidence of urine leak were identified. Outcomes were compared between patients with preoperative ureteral catheterization (C-group) and those without (NC-group). Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to identify factors predicting postoperative urine leak. Results A total of 1,019 cases were included (452 robotic partial nephrectomy cases and 567 laparoscopic partial nephrectomy cases). Five hundred twenty eight patients (51.8%) were in the C-group, whereas 491 of them (48.2%) in the NC-group. Urine leak occurred in 31(3%) cases, 4.6% in the C-group and 1.4% in the NC-group (p<0.001). Tumors in NC-group had significantly higher RENAL score, shorter operative and warm ischemic times. On multivariable analysis, tumor proximity to collecting system (OR=9.2; p<0.01), surgeon’s early operative experience (OR=7.8; p<0.01) and preoperative moderate to severe CKD (OR=3.1; p<0.01) significantly increased the odds of the occurrence of a postoperative urine leak. Conclusion Clinically significant urine leak after MIPN in a high volume institution setting is uncommon. This event is more likely to occur in cases of renal masses that are close to the collecting system, in patients with preoperative CKD and when operating surgeon is still in the learning curve for the procedure. Our findings suggest that routine intraoperative ureteral catheterization during MIPN does not reduce the probability of postoperative urine leak. In addition, it adds to the overall ...

Transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) for local excision of selected rectal neoplasms: efficacy and outcomes in the first 11 patients / Cirurgia trans-anal minimamente invasiva (CTAMI) para excisão local de neoplasias retais selecionadas: eficácia e desfechos nos primeiros 11 pacientes

Disposable single-port surgery devices have been used for transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) with benefits, when compared to local resection and transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM). Objective: To show outcomes and details of the technique. Method: A series of patients with indication for local resection of rectal tumors were submitted to surgery using the TAMIS platform. Results: Eleven patients have been submitted to TAMIS. Distance from anal verge was from 1.5 to 8 cm and maximum tumor diameter was 6 cm. Initial diagnosis of adenoma was the most frequent indication for resection. One partial dehiscence was the only complication seen. Minimal setup time, low cost and the possibility of using regular laparoscopic instruments make TAMIS a good option for transanal resection. The results of this technique are encouraging, concerning the feasibility, maneuverability, upfront cost, setup time, resectability and complication rate. Because of its simplicity and similarity with conventional laparoscopic surgery, it can be learned easily. Although at the present time the appropriate use of local excision is still under debate, TAMIS is a technique that still expects a lot of growing and much remains to be learned. (AU)

Dispositivos cirúrgicos de porta única descartáveis têm sido utilizados para a Cirurgia Trans-anal Minimamente Invasiva (CTAMI) com benefícios, quando comparados com ressecção local e microcirurgia endoscópica trans-anal (MET). Objetivo: Apresentar os desfechos e detalhes da técnica. Método: Uma série de pacientes com indicação para ressecção local de tumores retais foi tratada cirurgicamente pela plataforma CTAMI. Resultados: Onze pacientes foram tratados por CTAMI. A distância a contar da margem anal variou de 1,5 até 8 cm, e o diâmetro máximo do tumor foi 6 cm. Um diagnóstico inicial de adenoma foi a indicação mais frequente para a ressecção. A única complicação ocorrida foi uma deiscência parcial. Mínimo tempo para preparação, baixo custo e a possibilidade do uso de instrumentos laparoscópicos convencionais fazem de CTAMI uma boa opção para a ressecção trans-anal. Os resultados dessa técnica são animadores, no que diz respeito à exeqüibilidade, manobrabilidade, custos iniciais, tempo de preparação, ressectabilidade e percentual de complicações. Graças à sua simplicidade e semelhança com a cirurgia laparoscópica convencional, CTAMI tem uma fácil curva de aprendizado. Embora atualmente ainda seja motivo de discussão o uso apropriado da excisão local, CTAMI é uma técnica que ainda provavelmente ainda crescerá muito–e há muito a ser aprendido. (AU)

Uso del dispositivo SILS™ en cirugía transanal mínimamente invasiva para el manejo de lesiones benignas de recto / Using the device SILS ™ Transanal minimally invasive surgery for the management of benign rectal

Minimally invasive transanal microsurgery was described in 2009. It allows the excision polyps or small malignant lesions. We report a 73 years old female consulting for hematochezia. A sessile polyp located 9 cm above the anal margin was discovered during a colonoscopy that corresponded to a villous adenoma. The polyp was excised transanally, using a SILS* port for transanal endoscopic microsurgery.

La cirugía transanal mínimamente invasiva fue descrita inicialmente en el año 2009 como un abordaje híbrido para lograr la resección endoluminal de lesiones rectales, surgiendo como una alternativa más económica al uso del TEM (Transanal endoscopic microsurgery). La resección transanal de pólipos, así como de pequeñas lesiones malignas rectales con instrumentos laparoscópicos y de puerto único, utiliza la tecnología desarrollada inicialmente para procedimientos desde un orificio natural como es el recto. Nuestra intención es presentar la técnica quirúrgica, así como su aplicación en la resección de lesiones benignas como malignas del recto no realizables a través de una resección transanal convencional.

Avaliação clínica radiológica da artrodese lombar transforaminal aberta versus minimamente invasiva / Evaluación clínica radiológica de la artrodesis lumbar transforaminal abierta versus mínimamente invasiva / Clinical and radiological evaluation of open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion versus minimally invasive

OBJETIVO: a proposta deste trabalho é comparar os resultados clínicos e radiológicos dos pacientes submetidos à artrodese transforaminal aberta e minimamente invasiva. MÉTODOS: quarenta e cinco pacientes foram submetidos à artrodese lombar transforaminal pelo Grupo de Cirurgia Espinhal do Hospital Lifecenter/Ortopédico de Belo Horizonte, no período de Dezembro de 2005 a Maio de 2007, sendo 15 no grupo de artrodese aberta e 30 pacientes do grupo de artrodese minimamente invasiva (MIS). As indicações para a artrodese intersomática foram: doença degenerativa do disco, associada ou não a hérnia de disco ou estenose do canal; espondilolistese de baixo grau espondilolítica ou degenerativa; e síndrome pós-laminectomia/discectomia. As variáveis analisadas foram: tempo de cirurgia, tempo de internação hospitalar, necessidade de hemotransfusão, escala analógica visual de dor (VAS) lombar e dos membros inferiores, Oswestry, índice de consolidação da artrodese e retorno ao trabalho. RESULTADOS: o seguimento mínimo foi de 24 meses. Havia oito homens e sete mulheres no Grupo Aberto e 17 homens e 13 mulheres no Grupo MIS. O tempo cirúrgico médio foi de 222 minutos e 221 minutos, respectivamente. Houve melhora significativa da VAS e Oswestry no pós-operatório em ambos os grupos. O tempo de internação hospitalar variou de 3,3 dias para o Grupo Aberto e 1,8 dias para o Grupo MIS. O índice de fusão obtido foi de 93,3 por cento em ambos os grupos. Houve necessidade de hemotransfusão em três pacientes no Grupo Aberto (20 por cento) e nenhum caso MIS. CONCLUSÕES: a transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) minimamente invasiva apresenta resultados similares em longo prazo quando comparado à TLIF aberta, com os benefícios adicionais de menor morbidade pós-operatória, menor período de internação e reabilitação precoce.

OBJECTIVE: the aim of this article is to compare the clinical and radiological results of patients who underwent open and minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion. METHODS: forty-five patients underwent transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion by the Department of Spine Surgery of Hospital Lifecenter/Ortopédico, between December 2005 and May 2007, 15 of them were in the open interbody fusion group, and 30 in the minimally invasive one. The indications were: the degenerative disc disease associated or not with discal herniation or stenosis; low grade lythic or degenerative spondylolisthesis and post-discectomy/laminectomy syndrome. The variables analyzed were operative time, length of hospital stay, need for blood transfusion, visual analogical pain scale (VAS), Oswestry functional disability index, solid fusion and return to work. RESULTS: the minimum follow-up was two years. There were eight men and seven women in the Open Group, and 17 men and 13 women in the MIS Group. The mean operative time was 222 minutes and 221 minutes, respectively. There was improvement on the VAS and Oswestry scores in both groups. The mean hospital stay was 3.3 days for Open, and 1.8 days for the MIS group. The fusion rate obtained was 93.3 percent in both groups. Blood transfusion was necessary for three patients (20 percent) of the Open Group. CONCLUSIONS: the MIS TLIF has similar results to open TLIF in two years follow-up, with additional benefits of less postoperative morbidity, shorter hospital stay and sooner rehabilitation.

OBJETIVO: la propuesta de este trabajo es comparar los resultados clínicos y radiológicos de los pacientes sometidos a la artrodesis transforaminal abierta y mínimamente invasiva. MÉTODOS: cuarenta y cinco pacientes fueron sometidos a la artrodesis lumbar transforaminal por el Grupo de Cirugía Espinal del Hospital Lifecenter/Ortopédico de Belo Horizonte, en el periodo de Diciembre de 2005 a Mayo de 2007, siendo 15 en el grupo de artrodesis abierta y 30 pacientes del grupo de artrodesis mínimamente invasiva (MIS). Las indicaciones para la artrodesis intersomática fueron: enfermedad degenerativa de disco, asociada o no a hernia de disco o estenosis del canal; espondilolistesis de bajo grado espondilolítica o degenerativa; y síndrome post-laminectomía/discectomía. Las variables analizadas fueron: tiempo de cirugía, tiempo de internación hospitalar, necesidad de hemotransfusión, escala analógica visual de dolor (VAS) lumbar y de los miembros inferiores, Oswestry, índice de consolidación de la artrodesis y regreso al trabajo. RESULTADOS: el seguimiento mínimo fue de 24 meses. Fueron ocho hombres y siete mujeres en el Grupo Abierto y 17 hombres y 13 mujeres en el Grupo MIS. El tiempo quirúrgico promedio fue de 222 minutos y 221 minutos, respectivamente. Hubo mejora significativa del VAS y Oswestry en el postoperatorio en ambos grupos. El tiempo de internación hospitalar varió de 3.3 días para el Grupo Abierto y 1.8 días para el Grupo MIS. El índice de fusión obtenido fue de 93.3 por ciento en ambos grupos. Hubo necesidad de hemotransfusión en tres pacientes en el Grupo Abierto (20 por ciento) y ningún caso MIS. CONCLUSIONES: la TLIF mínimamente invasiva presenta resultados similares a largo plazo cuando comparada con TLIF abierta, con los beneficios adicionales de menor morbilidad postoperatoria, menor periodo de internación y rehabilitación precoz.

Miniesternotomía para cirugía valvular aórtica: experiencia inicial en un centro cardiovascular en Chile / Ministernotomy for aortic valve surgery: report of 20 patients

Background: Aortic valve surgery can be performed through a reduced mid sternotomy with excellent long term results. Aim: To report the initial results obtained with this technique. Patients and methods: Descriptive study of 20 patients aged 48±11 years, subjected to valve replacement surgery for aortic valve disease between 2004 and 2007. Arterial and venous cannulation were performed with the usual method and extracorporeal circulation was performed with a mean perfusion of 4.5 L/min. Hypothermia and cardioplegia were performed infusing the hematic cardioplegic solution at 4°C in the aortic root or coronary ostia. Results: Sixteen patients were in functional class (FC) III. Fourteen patients had aortic insufficieney and six had predominant stenosis. There was no operative mortality One patient had a left hemothorax and was reoperated. All patients were discharged between 4 and 6 days after surgery. Mean follow up was 21 ± 4 months. AU patients are in FC I and free from cardiac events. Echocardiographic assessment was done in 16 patients, showing a good motility of valve disks. Actuarial survival probability was 100 percent and probability of freedom from cardiac events was 100 percent at 42 months of follow up. Conclusions: Ministernotomy is an excellent approach for aortic valve surgery providing good visualization ofthe ascending aorta, simplifying the surgical technique.

Blood loss in the minimally invasive posterior approach to total hip arthroplasty: a comparative study

AIMS: Our primary aimwas to evaluate whether there is really less bleeding in patients for whom the minimally invasive posterior approach is used in comparison with the direct lateral approachfor primary total hip arthroplasty. Our secondary aim was to evaluate the clinical functional results after six months as well as the postoperative radiographic result. METHODS: In a comparative non-random prospective study, 76 adult patients underwent elective total hip arthroplasty using one of two approaches. The minimally invasive posterior approach (34 cases; mini-incision group) was compared with the standard direct lateral approach (42 cases; control group). RESULTS: Lower total estimated bleeding (means of 1083.5 ml versus 1682.3 ml; p < 0.001) and lower intraoperative bleeding (means of 745.6 ml versus 1282.8 ml; p < 0.001) were found in the mini-incision group. There was, however, no difference in the volume of blood drained after the operation (means of 340 ml and 399 ml; p = 0.77). There was also a difference between the two groups regarding the need for allogenic transfusion (8.8 percent in the mini-incision group versus 28.6 percent, p = 0.02). We observed a better clinical result in the mini-incision group (p = 0.002) despite the lack of difference between the two groups in relation to the radiographic result. DISCUSSION: Our results draw attention to the possibility that other authors may have underestimated blood losses when using minimally invasive approaches. CONCLUSION: The minimally invasive approach gave rise to a positive final impression with regard to lower blood loss.

Prolapso de cúpula vaginal: tratamento cirúrgico minimamente infasivo com IVStm (Sacropexia Infracoccígea) / Vaginal vault prolapse: minimal surgical treatment with IVStm (Infracoccygeal Sacropexy)

O prolapso de cúpula vaginal continua sendo um dos maiores desafios da ginecologia cirúrgica contemporânea. Quando se estudam as técnicas consagradas pelas meta-análises, considerando as recidivas e o tempo de seguimento, verifica-se que apenas duas delas conseguem bons resultados a longo prazo: colpossacro fixação (abdominal ou laparoscópica) e colpopexia sacroespinhal. Outras técnicas não conseguem manter os resultados iniciais e tornam-se parte da história cirúrgica atual. Neste estudo aborda-se uma técnica minimamente invasiva, promissora e anatômica; conhecida como sacropexia infracoccígea, que utiliza material sintético (polipropileno multifilamentar) nos casos de prolapso da cúpula vaginal. Este tema é importante no contexto atual, pois essas técnicas são reprodutíveis e de baixo custo, além de propiciarem menor tempo de hospitalização, retorno mais rápido às funções normais e melhorarem a qualidade de vida destas pacientes que, dia a dia, tornam-se mais longevas

Laparoscopía en nefrectomías pediátricas / Laparoscopy in pediatric nephrectomy

La laparoscopía es una técnica quirúrgica que ha sido incorporada en la urología pediátrica en los últimos años. Se presenta como un procedimiento con ventajas respecto a la cirugía convencional, en relación con tiempo de estadía hospitalaria, dolor postoperatorio, estética y morbilidad. Presentar la casuística existente y resultados en nefrectomía laparoscópica en el Hospital Exequiel González Cortés, realizada entre los años 1997-2001. Se realizan 9 nefrectomías laparoscópicas, por vía transperitoneal o retroperitoneal. La distribución por sexo fue de 7 hombres y 2 mujeres, con un rango de edad entre 7 meses y 13 años, con un promedio de 52,2 meses. Se realizaron 9 nefrectomías por vía laparoscópica, 7 vía transperitoneal y 2 por vía retroperitoneal. 2 pacientes debieron ser convertidos al inicio de la serie clínica por inexperiencia (1 retroperitoneal y 1 transperitoneal). Los diagnósticos fueron: riñón multicístico (6), nefropatía por reflujo (1), obstrucción pieloureteral (1) y síndrome nefrótico corticorresistente (1). El tiempo quirúrgico promedio fue de 90 min (rango entre 30 y 240 min). No se describe dolor en el postoperatorio y el tiempo de estadía hospitalaria fue entre 1 y 8 días. No se registran complicaciones en el postoperatorio inmediato. La laparoscopía ha demostrado ser la primera alternativa para nefrectomía en la edad pediátrica, dado el bajo porcentaje de complicaciones reportadas, la menor estadía hospitalaria, mejor resultado estético y baja incidencia de dolor. Según nuestra experiencia, la técnica transperitoneal tiene ventajas comparativas en relación con la retroperitoneal, por presentar mejores reparos anatómicos, menor dificultad técnica y menor tiempo quirúrgico.

Cirugía coronaria mínimamente invasiva: consideraciones anestésicas y quirúrgicas / Minimally invasive coronary surgery: anesthetic and surgical consideration

Antecedentes: La cirugía coronaria mini-invasiva está encontrando su lugar dentro de todos los procedimientos que existen para revascularizar la arteria coronaria descendente anterior. Objetivos: 1.- Determinar la morbimortalidad intrahospitalaria de la técnica, así como evaluar la permeabilidad de la anastomosis mamaria interna izquierda-descendente anterior. 2.- Mostrar una de las técnicas anestésicas posibles para este tipo de cirugía. Material y métodos: Se revisaron los registros de los primeros 58 pacientes operados con la técnica de toracotomía mínima, entre noviembre de 1996 y noviembre de 1998. Se describen las características de la población , las indicaciones y técnicas quirúrgicas, el manejo anestésico postoperatorio y las modalidades diagnósticas para evaluar la permeabilidad de la anastomosis. Resultados: No hubo mortalidad. Sólo un paciente debió reconvertirse a cirugía con extracorpórea por una descendente anterior intramiocárdica. La morbilidad fue muy baja, así como la necesidad transfusional. Sólo 12 pacientes (20,7 por ciento) requirieron menos de 2 horas de asistencia mecánica respiratoria; el resto fue extubado en quirófano. La estadía hospitalaria promedio fue de 4,5 días (ñ 1) y en recuperación cardiovascular, de 25 horas (ñ 3). Se observó la anastomosis permeable prealta en 54 pacientes (93 por ciento), utilizando angiografía en los primeros 20 y eco Doppler stress (maniobra de Azoulay) en los restantes 38 pacientes. Conclusiones: La cirugía coronaria mini-invasiva constituye una muy buena alternativa para revascularizar la arteria coronaria descendente anterior, cuando elegimos el caso apropiado, se cuenta con la tecnología óptima y luego de haber superado la curva de aprendizaje.