Complicaciones en posoperatorio inmediato de cirugía uretral anterior; ¿existe relación con la recaída? / Early complications in urethral anterior surgery; is there any relationship with recurrence?

INTRODUCCIÓN/OBJETIVO: La estrechez uretral puede causar síntomas miccionales, dolor, disfunción vesical y eyaculatoria. La tasa de complicaciones en uretroplastía anterior es baja. El principal objetivo es evaluar complicaciones del posoperatorio (pop) inmediato (dentro de los 30 días pop). El objetivo secundario es valorar la relación entre complicaciones y la tasa de recaída. MATERIALES Y MÉTODO: Se realizó una revisión retrospectiva de las uretroplastías anteriores realizadas entre octubre del 2012 y junio del 2017. Se valoró: reinternación, reingreso a cirugía, infarto agudo de miocardio, tromboembolismo de pulmón, trombosis venosa profunda, óbito, infecciones, dehiscencia de herida, hematomas, sangrados, etc. Se definió recaída a la necesidad de realizar cualquier instrumentación uretral secundaria a la uretroplastía. Las variables se analizaron estadísticamente con Chi square y Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 92 pacientes, con un seguimiento mínimo de 12 meses. Las edades fueron de 18 a 88 años (mediana, 61,5 años). En 58 pacientes, se utilizaron transferencia de tejidos (27 injertos y 31 colgajos). La longitud de la estrechez fue desde 1-15 cm (media, 3,25 cm). La iatrogénica (56%) fue la etiología más frecuente. 56 pacientes (63%) tenían tratamientos previos. La tasa de complicaciones pop inmediato fue del 32%, las infecciones fueron las más frecuentes. Según Clavien, se clasificaron: I: 40%; II: 47%; III: 10%; IV: 3%. Hubo 17 recaídas (18%), 13 dentro de los primeros 6 meses del pop. De los pacientes que presentaron complicaciones, recayó el 23%; solo 16% de los que no las presentaron (p: 0,4). Aquellos pacientes con complicaciones graves presentaron mayor tasa de recaída (p: 0,2). CONCLUSIÓN: La tasa de complicaciones pop inmediata de uretroplastía anterior fue de 32%; las infecciones fueron las más frecuentes. La mayoría fue Clavien I y II. La recaída fue mayor en aquellos pacientes que sufrieron complicaciones en pop inmediato.

INTRODUCCION/OBJECTIVE: Urethral stenosis can cause mictional symptoms, pain, bladder dysfunction and ejaculatory problems. Complications rate in anterior urethroplasty is low. Main objetive is to evaluate early post operatory complications Secondary objetive is to assess the relationship between complications and recurrence rate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a restrospective review of our anterior urethroplasty database between October 2012 and June 2017. We recorded: patients readmission, return to operating room, acute myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, deep venous thrombosis, death, infections, wound dehiscense, hematomas, bleedings, etc. We defined recurrence as any urethral instrumentation after urethroplasty. Variables were analyzed using Chi Square and Mann Whitney U test. RESULTS: 92 patients were included in the study with at least 12 months follow up. Age range was between 18-88 years. (median 61,5 years) Substitution urethroplasty were performed in 58 patients (grafts 27 and flaps 31) Urethral stenosis lenght range was between 1 and 15 cm (mean 3,25cm) Most frequent cause of urethral stenosis was iatrogenic (56%) 56 patients underwent previous treatment (63%) Complication rate in early post operative period was 32%, most of them infections. Clavien clasiffication: I: 40%; II: 47%; III: 10%; IV: 3%. There were 17 recurrences (18%), 13 during the first 6 months after surgery. 23 % of patients with complications had recurrence and only 16% of patients without, had recurrence (p:0,4) Patients with serious complications had greater recurrence rate (p: 0,2) CONCLUSION: Recurrence rate in early complications of anterior urethroplasty was 32%, most of them infections. Clavien I and II are the most frequent. Recurrence was greater in patients who suffered early complications

Assessment of long term outcomes after buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty: the impact of chronic kidney disease

ABSTRACT Objectives To compare and assess various outcomes and success of buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty (BMGU) in patients with CKD versus patients having normal renal function. Material and Methods This was a retrospective, single centre study, during period 2013 to 2017. Patients were grouped into two groups. Group 1 had patients with estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)>60mL/min/1.73m2 while group 2 had patients with eGFR <60mL/min/1.73m2. eGFR was calculated according to the MDRD equation. The two groups were compared with regard to various outcomes like length, location of stricture, technique of graft placement, intra-operative blood loss (haemoglobin drop), duration of hospital stay, post-operative complications and recurrence. Results A total of 223 patients were included in study with group 1 had 130 patients and group 2 had 93 patients. Mean age of patients with CKD were higher (47.49 years versus 29.13 years). The mean follow-up period was comparable between both groups (23.29 months and 22.54 months respectively). Patients with CKD had more post-operative Clavien Grade 2 or higher complications (p=0.01) and a greater recurrence rates (p<0.001) than in non-CKD patients. On multivariate analysis, age and CKD status was significant predictor of urethroplasty success (p=0.004) (OR= 14.98 (1.952-114.94, 95% CI). Conclusions CKD patients are more prone to post-operative complications in terms of wound infection, graft uptake and graft failure and higher recurrence rates following BMGU.

Bilateral compartment syndrome of the lower limbs after urological surgery in the lithotomy position: a clinical case / Síndrome compartimental dos membros inferiores após cirurgia urológica na posição de litotomia: um relato de caso

Acute compartment syndrome of the lower extremities after urological surgery in the lithotomy position is a rare but potentially devastating clinical and medicolegal problem. We report the case of a 67-year-old male who underwent laparoscopic prostatectomy surgery to treat cancer, spending 180 minutes in surgery. Postoperatively, the patient developed acute compartment syndrome of both legs, needing emergency bilateral four-compartment fasciotomies, with repeated returns to the operating room for second-look procedures. The patient also exhibited delayed wound closure. He regained full function within 6 months, returning to unimpaired baseline activity levels. This report aims to highlight the importance of preoperative awareness of this severe complication which, in conjunction with early recognition and immediate surgical management, may mitigate long-term adverse sequelae and improve postoperative outcomes

A síndrome compartimental aguda dos membros inferiores após cirurgia urológica na posição de litotomia é um problema clínico e médico-legal raro, mas potencialmente devastador. Reportamos o caso de um homem de 67 anos submetido a uma prostatectomia laparoscópica por câncer. A cirurgia durou 180 min. No pós-operatório, o paciente desenvolveu síndrome compartimental aguda de ambos os membros inferiores, necessitando de fasciotomias de urgência, com retornos repetidos à sala de cirurgia para procedimentos adicionais. O paciente também apresentou fechamento tardio da ferida. Ele recuperou a função completa dentro de 6 meses e retornou a um nível de atividade basal irrestrito. Este artigo tem a importância de ressaltar a consciência pré-operatória desta grave complicação que, em conjunto com o reconhecimento precoce e o tratamento cirúrgico imediato, pode mitigar sequelas adversas em longo prazo e melhorar os resultados pós-operatórios

Costs analysis of surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence in a brazilian public hospital, comparing Burch and synthetic sling techniques

ABSTRACT Introduction Surgical treatment of urinary incontinence progressed significantly with the introduction of synthetic slings. However, in some public Brazilian hospitals, the costs of these materials prevent their routine use. Objective To compare the costs of ambulatory synthetic sling surgery with an historical series of patients submitted to Burch surgery in a Brazilian public hospital. Materials and Methods Twenty nine incontinent patients were selected to synthetic sling surgery. Demographic data were prospectively collected and also the costs of the procedure, including drugs and materials, use of surgical and recovery wards, medical staff and hospitalization. These data were compared to the costs of 29 Burch surgeries performed before the introduction of synthetic slings. Results Demographic data were similar, although median age was lower in the group submitted to Burch surgery (46.3±8.6 versus 56.2±11.3 (p<0.001)). Cost was significantly lower in patients submitted to sling in all items, except for time spent in recovery ward. Total value of 29 Burch surgeries was R$ 217.766.12, and of R$ 68.049.92 of 29 patients submitted to sling surgery (p<0.001). Conclusion Burch surgery was more expensive than ambulatory synthetic transobturator sling surgery, even when the cost of the synthetic sling was considered.

Perineostomy: the last oportunity

Objective To review the technique and outcome of perineal urethrostomy or urethral perineostomy and to identify factors related to the procedure failure. Material and methods We studied 17 patients who underwent perineal urethrostomy between 2009-2013 in a single hospital. Success was defined as no need for additional surgical treatment or urethral dilatation. We reviewed the clinical data related to age, weight, previous urethral surgery, diabetes, hypertension, ischemic cardiopathy, lichen sclerosus and other causes and studied their association with the procedure failure (univariate analysis). We completed the analysis with a multivariate test based on binary regression. Results The average follow-up was 39.41 months. From all the causes, we found Lichen Sclerosus in 35%, idiopathic etiology in 29% and prior hypospadia repair in 18%. Postoperative failure occurred in 3 patients, with a final success of 82.4%. The binary regression model showed as independent risk factors ischemic cardiopathy (OR: 2.34), and the presence of Lichen Sclerosis (OR: 3.21). Conclusions The success rate with the perineal urethrostomy technique shows it to be a valid option above all when we preserve the urethral blood supply and plate. Lichen sclerosus and ischemic vascular problems are risk factors to re-stenosis. .

Complicaciones postoperatorias de la cistouretropexia con cinta transobturatriz (TOT) en pacientes con y sin cirugía concomitante atendidas en el Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza durante el periodo 2008 al 2011 / Postoperative complications of the transobturator tape cystourethropexy (TOT) in patients with and without concomitant surgery treated at the National Hospital Arzobispo Loayza during the period 2008 to 2011

OBJETIVO: Determinar las complicaciones postoperatorias de la Cistouretropexia con cinta transobturatriz en pacientes con y sin cirugía concomitante, atendidos en el Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza durante el periodo 2008 - 2011. METODOLOGIA: Estudio observacional, analítico-comparativo, retrospectivo de corte transversal, realizado en 220 pacientes con incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo programadas para cistouretropexia con cinta transobturatriz con y sin otra cirugía concomitante, en el Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza durante el periodo 2008 - 2011, RESULTADOS: Se encontró en general una edad promedio de 60.3±11.9 años, mientras que para aquellas intervenidas con alguna cirugía concomitante el promedio de edad fue de 56,1±11,2 años y 62.0±11,7 años para aquellas intervenidas sin cirugía concomitante alguna. La mayoría fueron de estado civil casadas (50 por ciento), de grado de instrucción educación primaria (44.5 por ciento) y de ocupación ama de casa (94.5 por ciento). El 64.5 por ciento de ellas tuvieron al menos sobrepeso (IMC>25kg/m2). Tanto el grupo control como el grupo comparativo tuvieron características similares en cuanto a edad (p=0.358), grado de instrucción (p=0.155) e IMC (p=0.759). Respecto a los antecedentes clínicos de importante, la mayoría tuvo como antecedente la multiparidad, tanto en aquellas con cirugías concomitantes (89.2 por ciento) y sin cirugías concomitantes (87.1 por ciento) (p=0.896). Asimismo, la mayoría solo tuvo partos de tipo vaginal, 84.6 por ciento para aquellas intervenidas con cirugía concomitante y 94.8 por ciento para aquellas intervenidas sin cirugía concomitante alguna (p=0.01). Además la mayoría de pacientes manifestó encontrarse en edad post menopaúsica, 78.5 por ciento en aquellas intervenidas con alguna cirugía concomitante manifestaron y 89.7 por ciento en quienes no se realizó cirugía concomitante alguna (p=0.027). En cuanto a los antecedentes quirúrgicos, casi el 90 por ciento mencionó no haber sido...

Manejo percutáneo de tumores de células transicionales de la pelvis renal: serie de casos y revisión de la literatura / Percutaneous treatment of renal pelvis transitional cell tumors: case series and review of the literature

Introducción: El carcinoma de células transicionales de la vía urinaria superior es una condición poco frecuente. Poseen un alto porcentaje de recidivas y las alternativas terapéuticas son numerosas. El gold standard terapéutico es la nefroureterectomía radical. Ésta se asocia a una mayor incidencia de insuficiencia renal y muerte por condiciones relacionadas a ésta. Actualmente se encuentran en desarrollo varias terapias con preservación renal, técnicas mínimamente invasivas entre las cuales las principales son la resección por vía percutánea y la resección endoscópica por ureter o nefros copia. Material y método: presentamos una serie de casos de cuatro pacientes portadores de CCT-VUS sometidos a tratamiento percutáneo. Resultados: el tamaño tumoral promedio fue de 14,5 mm (8–20 mm), tres de ellos presentaron lesiones no invasoras y uno de ellos una lesión invasora. No hubo mayores complicaciones, el sangrado promedio fue de 225 cc, ningún paciente requirió de transfusiones de hemoderivados y la estadía hospitalaria de 3,75 días en promedio. Sólo uno de los paciente requirió de tratamiento complementario (tumor invasor), siendo sometido a una nefroureterectomía radical laparoscópica. Actualmente todos los pacientes se encuentran en remisión completa con un tiempo de seguimiento promedio de 50,25 meses (34-61). Conclusiones: el tratamiento percutaneo de los CCT-VUS es una alternativa válida, asociada a una baja taza de complicaciones y segura desde el punto de vista oncológico.

Introduction: Transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract is an uncommon disease. They have a high percentage of recurrences and the therapeutic approaches are numerous. The treatment gold standard is radical nephrouretherectomy. This is associated with a higher incidence of chronic renal failure y dead from associated conditions. Actually, various nephron sparring therapies are in development. The main techniques are the percutaneous resection and the ureteroscopic resection. Matherials and methods: we present a case series of four patients diagnosed with transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract treated by a percutaneous approach. Results: mean tumor size was 14.5 mm (8–20 mm), three of them had superficial tumors and one of them invasive ones. There was no mayor complications, average bleeding was 225 cc, no patient needed blood transfusions and mean hospitalization time was 3.75 days. Only one patient required complementary treatment (patient with invasive tumor), being treated with laparoscopic radical nephrouretherectomy. Actually all patients are at complete response to treatment, with an average follow up time of 50.25 months (34-61).Conclusions: percutaneous approach for transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract is a valid treatment option, associated with a low complications rate and safe form an oncological view. Key words: transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract, percutaneous surgery, chronic renal failure.

Complications rates of non-oncologic urologic procedures in population-based data: a comparison to published series

PUSPOSE: Published single institutional case series are often performed by one or more surgeons with considerable expertise in specific procedures. The reported incidence of complications in these series may not accurately reflect community-based practice. We sought to compare complication and mortality rates following urologic procedures derived from population-based data to those of published single-institutional case series. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In-hospital mortality and complications of common urologic procedures (percutaneous nephrostomy, ureteropelvic junction obstruction repair, ureteroneocystostomy, urethral repair, artificial urethral sphincter implantation, urethral suspension, transurethral resection of the prostate, and penile prosthesis implantation) reported in the U.S.’s National Inpatient Sample of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project were identified. Rates were then compared to those of published single-institution series using statistical analysis. RESULTS: For 7 of the 8 procedures examined, there was no significant difference in rates of complication or mortality between published studies and our population-based data. However, for percutaneous nephrostomy, two published single-center series had significantly lower mortality rates (p < 0.001). The overall rate of complications in the population-based data was higher than published single or select multi-institutional data for percutaneous nephrostomy performed for urinary obstruction (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: If one assumes that administrative data does not suffer from under reporting of complications then for some common urological procedures, complication rates between population-based data and published case series seem comparable. Endorsement of mandatory collection of clinical outcomes is likely the best way to appropriately counsel patients about the risks of these common urologic procedures.

Laparoscopic ureteral reimplant for ureteral stricture

Purpose: Evaluate the initial experience of laparoscopic ureteral reimplant for ureteral stenosis. Materials and methods: From January 2004 to June 2008, 10 patients underwent 11 laparoscopic reconstruction surgeries for ureteral stenosis. Seven cases of stenosis of the distal ureter, two at the level of iliac vessels, a case of bilateral distal stenosis and one in the medium third. Eight ureteroneocystotomies were performed by extravesical technique with anti-reflux mechanism, two cases of vesical reimplant with Boari technique and one case using the psoas hitch technique. Results: The average surgical time was 166 minutes (115-245 min), mean blood loss was 162 mL (100-210 mL) and the average hospital stay was 2.9 days (2-4 days). There were two complications: a lesion of the sigmoid colon identified peroperatively and treated with laparoscopic sutures with good evolution, and a case of ureteral stone obstruction at the 30th day postoperative, treated by laser ureterolitotripsy. All patients had resolution of the stenosis at an average follow-up period of 18 months (3-54 months). Conclusions: Laparoscopic surgery represents a feasible, safe and low morbidity technique for ureteral reimplant in ureteral stenosis.