Suspensión alta al ligamento uterosacro con suturas permanentes en el prolapso apical: seguimiento a 24 meses / High suspension to the uterosacral ligament with permanent sutures in the apical prolapse: 24-month follow-up

Introducción: El prolapso de órganos pélvico (POP) es una patología frecuente que afecta hasta el 60% de las mujeres. La fijación alta al ligamento uterosacro (FAUS) transvaginal es una alternativa para el tratamiento del prolapso apical con buenos resultados, tiempos operatorios y de recuperación acotados, además de bajas tasas de complicaciones. Objetivo: Evaluar la tasa de éxito anatómico y subjetivo en pacientes portadoras de un prolapso apical sometidas a FAUS en el Hospital de Quilpué a 24 meses de seguimiento. Materiales y método: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo observacional descriptivo, seleccionando a todas las pacientes sintomáticas con un prolapso apical ≥ 2 de la clasificación de POP-Q, sometidas a una FAUS entre septiembre de 2014 y octubre de 2019. Los datos fueron obtenidos desde la base de datos de la unidad de uroginecología del Hospital de Quilpué, previa aprobación del comité de ética. El éxito objetivo se definió como un punto C a 1 centímetro sobre el himen y el éxito subjetivo con una escala de impresión de mejora global del paciente (PGI-I) mejor o mucho mejor y/o una escala visual analógica (EVA) mayor al 80%, a 24 meses de seguimiento. Resultados: Se incluyeron 46 pacientes. La tasa de éxito objetivo fue del 84% y de éxito subjetivo del 70%. Conclusiones: La FAUS transvaginal con suturas permanentes es una excelente alternativa para el tratamiento del prolapso apical con una tasa de éxito similar al gold standard a 24 meses de seguimiento.

Introduction: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a frequent pathology that affects up to 60% of women. Transvaginal uterosacral ligament high fixation (USLs: utero-sacral ligaments) is an alternative for the treatment of apical prolapse with good results, limited operative and recovery times, as well as low rates of complications. Objective: To evaluate the anatomical and subjective success rate in patients with an apical prolapse undergoing STALUS at the Quilpué Hospital at 24 months of follow-up. Materials and method: A descriptive observational retrospective study was carried out, selecting all symptomatic patients with an apical prolapse ≥ 2 of the POP Q classification, submitted to a FAUS between September 2014 and October 2019. The data were obtained from the database of the Urogynecology Unit of the Quilpué Hospital, prior approval of the ethics committee. Objective success was defined as a C-point 1 centimeter above the hymen and subjective success with better or much better Patient Global Impression-Improvement (PGI-I) scale and/or a greater than 80% Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), at 24 months of follow-up. Results: 46 patients were included. The objective success rate was 84% and the subjective success rate was 70%. Conclusions: The transvaginal FAUS with permanent sutures is an excellent alternative for the treatment of apical prolapse with a success rate similar to the gold standard at 24 months of follow-up.

Long-term outcome (5-10 years) after non absorbable mesh insertion compared to partially absorbable mesh insertion for anterior vaginal wall prolapse repair

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate long-term (5-10 years) outcomes of Minimally Invasive Surgical (MIS) kit insertion with Prolift® (non-absorbable) mesh compared to the use of Prolift M® (partially absorbable), for anterior vaginal wall prolapse repair. Study design: In this retrospective study we compared women undergoing MIS kit Prolift® insertion (n=90) vs. Prolift M® insertion (n=79) for anterior vaginal wall prolapse repair between 2006 and 2012 at our Institution. A number of 169 women fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the study. Results: During the study period 128 women (76%) completed full follow-up; of them 58 (73%) following MIS kit Prolift® insertion, and 70 (88%) following MIS kit ProliftM® insertion. There was no significant difference between the Prolift® and Prolift M® regarding parity (3.04 vs. 2.88, p=0.506), presence of hypertension (24.1% vs. 39.1%, p=0.088), diabetes mellitus (3.4% vs. 11.6%, p=0.109), or urinary stress incontinence (39.7% vs. 47.1%, p=0.475). All participants had been diagnosed with POP grade 3 or 4 before the procedure. No significant complications during the procedure or postoperative period were identified in the study groups. The follow-up period was at least five years in duration for both groups. Both groups were comparable according to questionnaires focused on function and satisfaction. Conclusion: Patients undergoing MIS kit Prolift® and Prolift M® insertion for anterior vaginal wall prolapse repair had comparable early and late postoperative outcomes. No differences in patient's function and satisfaction between the two groups were identified. According to our findings, there is no superiority to either of the two studied mesh devices.

Efficacy and safety of Elevate® system on apical and anterior compartment prolapse repair with personal technique modification

ABSTRACT Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Anterior Elevate® mesh kit system (AES) in woman with symptomatic stage 3 or 4 anterior and/or apical pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Materials and Methods: This retrospective, monocentric, single surgeon study enrolled between May 2010 and January 2013 fifty-six woman experiencing symptomatic anterior vaginal prolapse with or without apical descent (POP-Q stage 3 or 4). All women received a AES and 7 (12.5%) received a concomitant transvaginal hysterectomy. Primary endpoint was anatomic correction of prolapse; success was defined as POP-Q stage ≤ 1 or asymptomatic stage 2. Secondary endpoints were quality-of-life (QOL) results and patients' safety outcomes, which were assessed by 3 validated self-reporting questionnaires at baseline and annually: ICIQ-UI short form, ICIQ-VS and P-QOL. All patients completed 2-years and 28 women 3-years of follow-up. Surgical approach was modified in women with uterus, moving the two-propylene strips anteriorly around the cervix itself crossing one another, so the left will take place in the right side and the right on the opposite. This modification was made in order to better support the uterus. Results: Vaginal mesh exposure was present in 3 (5,3%) patients. Very good anatomical outcomes were seen, with one (1,8%) failure at 6-months, 4 (7,1%) at 1-year, 6 at 2-years (10,7%). Statistically significant improvements were seen in the ICIQ-VS and P-QOL questionnaires throughout follow-up. Conclusion: Our data suggest that AES is a minimally-invasive transvaginal procedure to repair anterior and apical POP, with good evidence related to mid-term safety and efficacy.

Laparoscopic pectopexy: initial experience of single center with a new technique for apical prolapse surgery

ABSTRACT Objective: To share our first experience with laparoscopic pectopexy, a new technique for apical prolapse surgery, and to evaluate the feasibility of this technique. Materials and Methods: Seven patients with apical prolapse underwent surgery with laparoscopic pectopexy. The lateral parts of the iliopectineal ligament were used for a bilateral mesh fixation of the descended structures. The medical records of the patients were reviewed, and the short-term clinical outcomes were analyzed. Results: The laparoscopic pectopexy procedures were successfully performed, without intraoperative and postoperative complications. De novo apical prolapse, de novo urgency, de novo constipation, stress urinary incontinence, anterior and lateral defect cystoceles, and rectoceles did not occur in any of the patients during a 6-month follow-up period. Conclusion: Although laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy has shown excellent anatomical and functional long-term results, laparoscopic pectopexy offers a feasible, safe, and comfortable alternative for apical prolapse surgery. Pectopexy may increase a surgeon's technical perspective for apical prolapse surgery.

Prevalence and factors associated with urinary incontinence in climacteric / Prevalência e fatores associados à incontinência urinária no climatério

SUMMARY Objective: To estimate the prevalence and identify associated factors to urinary incontinence (UI) in climacteric women. Method: In a cross-sectional study with a stratified random sample, 1,200 women aged between 35 and 72 years were studied, enrolled in the Family Health Strategy in the city of Pindamonhangaba, São Paulo. Urinary incontinence was investigated using the International Consultation of Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form, while associated factors were assessed based on a self-reported questionnaire with socio-demographic, obstetric and gynecological history, morbidities and drug use. The prevalence of urinary incontinence was estimated with a 95% confidence interval (95CI) and the associated factors were identified through multiple logistic regression model performed using Stata software, version 11.0. Results: Women had a mean age of 51.9 years, most were in menopause (59.4%), married (87.5%), Catholic (48.9%), and declared themselves black or brown (47.2%). The mean age of menopause of women with UI was 47.3 years. The prevalence of UI was 20.4% (95CI: 17.8-23.1%). The factors associated with UI were urinary loss during pregnancy (p=0.000) and after delivery (p=0.000), genital prolapse (p=0.000), stress (p=0.001), depression (p=0.002), and obesity (p=0.006). Conclusion: The prevalence of UI was lower but similar to that found in most similar studies. Factors associated with the genesis of UI were urinary loss during pregnancy and after delivery, genital prolapse and obesity.

RESUMO Objetivo: estimar a prevalência e identificar os possíveis fatores associados à incontinência urinária (IU) em mulheres no climatério. Método: em estudo analítico transversal com amostra aleatória estratificada, foram estudadas 1.200 mulheres, entre 35 e 72 anos, cadastradas na Estratégia de Saúde da Família do município de Pindamonhangaba, SP. A IU foi investigada por meio do International Consultation of Incontinence Questionnaire – Short Form e os fatores associados, por meio de questionário autorreferido, contendo informações sociodemográficas, história ginecológica e obstétrica, morbidades e uso de medicamentos. Estimou-se a prevalência da incontinência urinária com intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%), e os fatores associados foram identificados por meio de um modelo de regressão logística múltipla realizada no Programa Stata, versão 11.0. Resultados: as mulheres apresentavam média etária de 51,9 anos, estavam na menopausa (59,4%), eram casadas (87,5%), católicas (48,9%) e declararam-se negras ou pardas (47,2%). A média de idade da menopausa das mulheres com IU foi de 47,3 anos. A prevalência de IU foi de 20,4% (IC95%: 17,8-23,1). Os fatores associados à IU foram perda urinária na gestação (p=0,000) e no pós-parto (p=0,000), prolapso genital (p=0,000), estresse (p=0,001), depressão (p=0,002) e obesidade (p=0,006). Conclusão: a prevalência de IU foi inferior, mas semelhante à encontrada na maioria dos estudos análogos. Os fatores associados à gênese da IU foram perda urinária na gestação e no pós-parto, prolapso genital e obesidade.

Sacrospinous ligament suspension with transobturator mesh versus sacral colpopexy for genital prolapse

OBJECTIVE: To compare the safety and efficacy of abdominal sacral colpopexy and sacrospinous ligament suspension with the use of vaginal mesh for apical prolapse. METHOD: This retrospective study was conducted from 2005 to 2012 and included 89 women with apical prolapse who underwent surgery. Assessments included pre- and postoperative Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) stage. Rates of objective cure and immediate/late complications were compared. RESULTS: In total, 41 of the 89 women underwent sacrospinous ligament suspension, and 48 of the women underwent abdominal sacral colpopexy. A total of 40.4% of the women had vault prolapse (p=0.9361). Most of them had no complications (93.2%) (p=0.9418). Approximately 30% of the women had late complications; local pain was the main symptom and was found only in women who underwent the abdominal procedure (25.6%) (p=0.001). Only the women who were submitted to the vaginal procedure had mesh exposure (18.4%). The objective success rate and the rate of anterior vaginal prolapse (p=0.2970) were similar for both techniques. CONCLUSION: Sacrospinous ligament suspension was as effective and had a similar objective success rate as abdominal sacral colpopexy for the treatment of apical prolapse. Sacrospinous ligament suspension performed with the use of vaginal mesh in the anterior compartment was effective in preventing anterior vaginal prolapse after surgery.

Resultados post operatorios por tratamiento quirúrgico de prolapso genital del compartimiento medio con implante de malla-IVS posterior, en el Hospital Dos de Mayo 2011 - 2012 / Results post operative for surgical treatment of genital prolapse of the middle compartment with mesh implant-IVS posterior at the Hospital Dos de Mayo 2011-2012

Determinar los resultados post operatorios por tratamiento quirúrgico de prolapso genital del compartimiento medio con implante de Malla-IVS posterior, en el Hospital Dos de Mayo 2011-2012. Metodología: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo. Se estudió a 43 pacientes con tratamiento quirúrgico de prolapso genital del compartimiento medio con implante de Malla-IVS posterior. Para describir las variables numéricas se utilizó medida de tendencia central y de dispersión, para las variables cualitativas se usó frecuencias absolutas y relativas. En el análisis bivariado se utilizó la prueba Chi-cuadrado con un nivel de confianza del 95 por ciento. Resultados: La edad de las pacientes estuvo comprendida entre 35 a 85 años con una media de 56.7 años, el estado civil más frecuente fue "casada" (53.5 por ciento), el nivel de educación en su mayoría fue secundaria (51.2 por ciento). En las características obstétricas se observó mayor porcentaje de pacientes con gesta > a 3 y > a 3 partos. Respecto a la seguridad del implante de malla IVS posterior solo se observó hematoma vulvar en el 4.7 por ciento de las pacientes mas no se observó otras complicaciones. En la evaluación de la actividad sexual: ninguna paciente presentó disfunción sexual, en el 81.4 por ciento se resolvió la dispareunia y el 18.6 por ciento tuvo dispareunia persistente. Los resultados que evaluaron mejora de la alteración de la micción y evacuación se observó en el 79.1 por ciento incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo "resuelta", la urgencia urinaria se resolvió en el 93 por ciento y solo se encontró un caso de incontinencia fecal. La duración del tiempo quirúrgico fue < a 2 horas en el 65.1 por ciento y > a 2 horas en 34.9 por ciento, donde la estancia hospitalaria fue de 2 a 4 días en mayor proporción (51.2 por ciento). Además de realizar la técnica IVS posterior algunas pacientes requirieron técnicas de corrección adicionales como Nazta TC (23 por ciento)...

To determine the postoperative results for surgical treatment of genital prolapse of middle compartment with implant posterior IVS-mesh in Dos de Mayo Hospital 2011-2012. Methodology: Observational, descriptive, transversal and retrospective study. The sample was 43 patients with surgical treatment of genital prolapse middle compartment with implant posterior IVS-mesh. To describe numerical variables, measure of central tendency and dispersion was used; for qualitative variables, absolute and relative frequencies. The Chi-square test with a confidence level of 95 per cent was used in the bivariate analysis. Results: The age of patients ranged from 35-85 years with a mean of 56.7 years, the most frequent marital status was "married" (53.5 per cent), level of education was mostly secondary (51.2 per cent). In obstetric characteristics was observed higher percentage of patients with gestation >3 and >3 births. Regarding safety of implant IVS-mesh was observed only vulvar hematoma in 4.7 per cent of patients but no other complications were observed. In the evaluation of sexual activity: no patient had sexual dysfunction, 81.4 per cent dyspareunia resolved and 18.6 per cent had persistent dyspareunia. The results that evaluated improvement of urination and evacuation alteration was observed in 79.1 per cent effort urinary incontinence "resolved", urinary urgency was resolved in 93 per cent and only one case of fecal incontinence. The operative time was <2 hours in 65.1 per cent and >2 hours in 34.9 per cent, where the hospital stay was 2-4 days in greater proportion (51.2 per cent). In addition to performing the IVS posterior technique some patients required additional correction techniques as Nazta TC (23 per cent), Sleep TOT (7 per cent), Sleep TOT and Peregre (7 per cent); and to relate these techniques to the frequency of complications or patient cure rate was no observed significant relationship between these variables. In evaluating...

The outcome of transobturator anterior vaginal wall prolapse repair using porcine dermis graft: intermediate term follow-up

Introduction and Hypothesis We evaluated the anatomical success and complications of Perigee® with porcine dermis Graft in the repair of anterior vaginal wall prolapse (AVWP) Materials and Methods After Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval, the charts of all patients who underwent AVWP repair using the Perigee/InteXen® kit from July 2005 to July 2009 were reviewed. Patients who had less than 6-month follow-up were excluded. Preoperative data including patient age, previous AVWP repairs, hysterectomy status, preoperative dyspareunia and pertinent physical findings were collected and recorded. Postoperative success was defined as anatomical stage 0 or I using the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) scoring system. Graft related complications were also recorded. Results Out of 89 patients, 69 completed at least 6-month follow-up. Median follow-up was 13 (6-48) months. Seventeen patients (25%) had previous AVWP repair and 32 (46%) had previous hysterectomy. Preoperatively, AVWP stage II was found in 9 (13%), stage III in 27 (39%) and stage IV in 33 (48%) patients. Anatomic success was found in 48 (69%) patients, with 23 (33%) having stage 0 and 25 (36%) stage I AVWP. Intraoperative complications included incidental cystotomy in one patient and bladder perforation in one. Postoperative complications included vaginal exposure and dyspareunia in one case, wound dehiscence in one and tenderness over the graft arm with dyspareunia in one. conclusions The use of porcine dermis in AVWP repair is safe with minimal graft related complications; however, anatomical success is lower than that reported with the use of synthetic grafts. .

Treatment of anterior vaginal wall prolapse with and without polypropylene mesh: a prospective, randomized and controlled trial - Part I

Objective To compare the use of polypropylene mesh (PM) and the traditional anterior vaginal wall colporraphy in women with anterior vaginal wall prolapse (AVWP) using objective and subjective tests and evaluation of quality of life (QoL). Materials and Methods One hundred women were randomly distributed in two preoperatory groups. The first group (mesh) (n = 45) received a PM implant and the control group (n = 55) was submitted to traditional colporraphy. Postoperatory follow-up was done after 12 months. The primary objective was the correction of the Ba point ≤ -2 POP-Q (Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification System) and the secondary objective was the improvement of vaginal symptoms and QoL through ICIQ-VS (International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Vaginal Symptoms). Complications related to the use of PM or not were also described. Results There was a significant difference between all POP-Q measures of pre- and postoperatory periods of each group in particular. There was a significant difference of the Ba point of the postoperatory period between the Mesh and Control group. The mean of Ba point in the Mesh group was statistically lower than of the Control group, depicting the better anatomical result of the first group. Both techniques improved vaginal symptoms and QoL. The most frequent complication of the Mesh group was prepubic hematoma in the perioperative period. In 9.3% of the cases treated with mesh it was observed PM exposition at the anterior vaginal wall after 12 months, being most of them treated clinically. Conclusion The treatment of AVWP significantly improved the Ba point in the Mesh group in comparison to the Control group. There were no differences of the vaginal symptoms and QoL between the two groups after 12 months. There were few and low grade complications on both groups. .

Treatment of anterior vaginal wall prolapse with and without polypropylene mesh: a prospective, randomized and controlled trial - Part II

Objective To compare the effects of two surgical procedures for the correction of anterior vaginal wall prolapse (AVWP) on the lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) using symptom questionnaires and quality of life (QoL). Materials and Methods One hundred women with Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification stage (POP-Q) ≥ 2 were randomly distributed in two preoperatory groups. The first group (mesh) (n = 45) received a polypropylene mesh (PM) implant and the control group (n = 55) was submitted to anterior colporraphy with or without synthetic sling. Postoperatory follow-up was done after 12 months. The primary objective was to compare the effect of the surgeries on LUTS using the final scores of the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ-UI SF) and Overactive Bladder Questionnaire (OAB-V8), as well as the analysis of the incapacitating urinary symptoms and “de novo” urinary symptoms after 12 months of surgery in both groups. Results Although there was a different number of women in each group, randomization was adequate, resulted in homogeneous groups that could be compared regarding socio demographic, clinical and gynecological (POP-Q) variables. Patients of both groups showed improvements regarding LUTS and QoL, whether using polypropylene mesh or not, based on the final scores of the ICIQ-UI SF and OAB-V8 questionnaires after 12-month follow-up. There were few incapacitating and “de novo” urinary symptoms, without any significant statistical difference between both groups after 12 months of surgery. Conclusion There was a general improvement of LUTS and QoL in both groups after 12-month follow-up. However, there was no significant difference of LUTS, as well as the more incapacitating and “de novo” urinary symptoms between both groups after 12 months of surgery. .

Evaluación de calidad de vida pre y posquirúrgica en pacientes con prolapso de compartimiento anterior y posterior / Evaluation of the quality of life outcomes for women with genital tract prolapses

Objetivos: Demostrar la utilidad de un inventario sobe calidad de vida para evaluar síntomas pre y postquirúrgicos en pacientes con prolapso anteior y posterior. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, longitudinal, comparativo. Enero 2009-diciembre 2010. Se incluyeron 26 ptes, prom: 63 años con prolapso ant (EIII) y post (EII). Tratamiento: colporrafia anterior con malla subvesical y colpoperineorrafia. Evaluación de síntomas genitales, miccionales y defecatorios pre y postquirúrgicos con "Inventario de molestias por trastornos del piso pélvico" de Barber. Se utilizá Prueba Mc Nemar para variables cualitativas. Nivel de significación estadístico p=0.05. Resultados: Síntomas vaginales: preQ en el 100 por ciento. Los más frecuentes: pesadez y bulto vaginal que se redujeron en el postQ a 7 por ciento (p=0,000). Síntomas miccionales: preQ en el 84 por ciento. Los más frecuentes: a) sensación de vaciamiento incompleto de vejiga 77 por ciento que se redujo al 9 por ciento en postQ (P=0,001) y b) Aumento de la frecuencia miccional 68 por ciento que se redujo al 45 por ciento (p=0,063) Sintomas defecatorios preQ 46 por ciento. Los más frecuentes: a) necesidad de aumentar esfuerzo defecatorio 58 por ciento se redujo al 41 por ciento en postQ (P=0500) y b) maniiobras para completar la defecación 33 por ciento que desapareció en postQ (p=0.12). Conclusiones: mediante la utilización del Inventario se pudo comprobar que los resultados fueron estadísticamente significativos para los síntomas vaginales y para los miccionales de vaciado incompleto. El resto de los síntomas a pesar de no ser significativos evidenciaron mejoría en el postoperatorio.

Women with pelvic floor disorders show a negative impact on their quality of life questionnaires. The aim of the present report, was to demonstrate the usefulness of a quality of life questionnaire, to evaluate both pre and postsurgical outcomes in patients with anterior or posterior prolapses. Conclusion: the employement of an Inventary could arrive to the demonstration that the results were statistically significative for the vaginal symptons and for the micturation of incomplete emptiness. The rest of the symptons, despite that they were not significatives, showed improvement during the outcomes.

Descripción de la función sexual en mujeres con alteraciones de piso pélvico en un hospital público de Santiago / Sexual function of a group of women with any pelvic floor disorder in a public hospital of Santiago, Chile

Antecedentes: Se estima que entre 25-50 por ciento de las mujeres sufrirá de alguna alteración del piso pélvico durante su vida. La función sexual es un concepto complejo y multidimensional. Se ha planteado que a mayor sintomatología de alteraciones de piso pélvico, las mujeres presentan mayores inconvenientes en su respuesta sexual. Objetivo: Describir la función sexual de un grupo de mujeres que presentan algún tipo de trastorno de piso pélvico. Método: Estudio descriptivo a 195 mujeres con diagnóstico de alteraciones de piso pélvico utilizando un cuestionario que incluía evaluación de aspectos sociodemográficos y de la función sexual con instrumento PISQ-12. Para el análisis se utilizaron medidas de tendencia central y dispersión. Resultados: 73,7 por ciento de las mujeres refieren tener algún grado de insatisfacción con su vida sexual actual afectando principalmente el área del deseo sexual. Dentro de las limitaciones en la relación sexual reportadas se encuentran: orgasmos menos frecuentes (70,5 por ciento), dispareunia (89,5 por ciento), problemas de erección (40 por ciento) y eyaculación precoz (47,4 por ciento) en sus parejas. Conclusión: Las mujeres reportan niveles de insatisfacción con su vida sexual, disminución de su deseo sexual, dolor durante la relación sexual y disminución de la intensidad del orgasmo. Es importante incorporar en la atención de este grupo de mujeres una evaluación sistemática de la función sexual, centrándose no solo en la respuesta sexual femenina, sino que también identificando aquellas limitaciones de la mujer y de la pareja que pueden estar influyendo en su satisfacción sexual.

Background: It is estimated that between 25- 50 percent of women will suffer from a pelvic floor disorder during their lifetime. Sexual function is a complex and multidimensional concept. It has been suggested that to greater symptoms of pelvic floor disorders, women have major problems in sexual response. Objective: To describe the sexual function of a group of women with any pelvic floor disorder in a public hospital of Santiago, Chile. Method: A descriptive study of 195 women diagnosed with pelvic floor disorders using a questionnaire that included assessment of sociodemographic and sexual function instrument PISQ-12. For the analysis used measures of central tendency and dispersion. Results: 73.7 percent of referred women have some degree of dissatisfaction with their current sex life mainly affecting the area of sexual desire. Within the limitations in sexual intercourse reported are: less intense orgasms (70.5 percent), dyspareunia (89.5 percent), erectile dysfunction (40 percent) and premature ejaculation (47.4 percent) in their partners. Conclusion: Women report levels of dissatisfaction with their sex life, decreased sexual desire, pain during intercourse and decreased intensity of orgasm. It is important to incorporate in the care of these women a systematic assessment of sexual function focusing not only on the female sexual response, but also identifying those limitations of women and couples that may be influencing women's sexual satisfaction.

Fatores de risco para o prolapso genital em uma população brasileira / Risk factors for genital prolapse in a Brazilian population

OBJETIVO: avaliar os fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de prolapso genital na população brasileira. MÉTODOS: estudo caso-controle envolvendo 316 pacientes que foram submetidas a estadiamento de prolapso, utilizando-se o sistema de quantificação de prolapso dos órgãos pélvicos. As pacientes foram divididas em dois grupos. No Grupo Caso, foram incluídas 107 pacientes com prolapso nos estádios III ou IV, e no Controle, 209 mulheres com estádios 0 ou I. As mulheres selecionadas respondiam à anamnese na qual eram questionadas sobre a presença de possíveis fatores de risco para prolapso genital, tais como: idade, idade da menopausa, paridade, tipos de parto (vaginal, cesariana ou fórcipe), ocorrência de macrossomia fetal, história familiar em parentes de primeiro grau de distopia genital, tosse crônica e constipação intestinal. RESULTADOS: as variáveis que se mostraram diferentes entre os grupos foram: idade, índice de massa corpórea, paridade, número de partos vaginais, de cesarianas, de partos fórcipe, peso do recém-nascido e história familiar positiva para prolapso. Raça, idade da menopausa, tosse crônica e constipação intestinal não se mostraram diferentes entre os grupos. Após a regressão logística, somente três variáveis se apresentaram como fatores de risco independentes: presença de pelo menos um parto vaginal, macrossomia fetal e história familiar positiva. A cesariana se mostrou como fator protetor. CONCLUSÕES: na população brasileira, os fatores de risco independentes para prolapso foram a presença de pelo menos um parto normal, macrossomia fetal e história familiar positiva para distopia.

PURPOSE: to evaluate risk factors for the development of genital prolapse in the Brazilian population. METHODS: case-control study involving 316 patients submitted to prolapse staging, according to the pelvic organ prolapse quantification system. The patients were divided into two groups: in the Case Group there were 107 patients with prolapse at stage III or IV, and in the Control Group, 209 women at stage 0 or I. In the anamnesis, the selected women have been questioned about the presence of possible risk factors for genital prolapse, such as: age, menopause age, parturition, delivery type (vaginal, caesarean section or forceps), occurrence of fetal macrosomia, family history of genital dystopia in first degree relatives, chronic cough and intestinal constipation. RESULTS: The variables that were different between the groups were: age, body mass index, parturition, number of vaginal, caesarean section or forceps deliveries, newborn weight and positive family history for prolapse. Race, menopause age, chronic cough and intestinal constipation did not present differences between the groups. After logistic regression, only three variables have been shown to be independent risk factors: presence of at least one vaginal delivery, fetal macrosomia and positive family history for dystopia. Cesarean section was shown to be a protective factor. CONCLUSION: in the Brazilian population, the independent risk factor for genital prolapse were: personal antecedent of at least one vaginal delivery, fetal macrosomia and family history of dystopia.

Suspensión transvaginal alta a ligamentos uterosacros para el tratamiento de defectos apicales (stalus): descripción de la técnica y resultados anatómicos a mediano plazo / High uterosacral vaginal vault suspension for the treatment of apical prolapse: anatomical outcomes

Objetivos: Describir una técnica quirúrgica, novedosa en el medio nacional, de abordaje vaginal, para el tratamiento del prolapso apical: la suspensión transvaginal alta a ligamentos úterosacros (STALUS). Método: Estudio descriptivo longitudinal, de 57 pacientes con defectos apicales, a los cuales se les realizó esa técnica entre Diciembre de 2002 y Octubre 2005. Se realizó estadística descriptiva y test t (2 muestras) para análisis de pronóstico anatómico (POP-Q). Para análisis de potenciales factores pronósticos se utilizó ANOVA, regresión lineal y logística. Resultados: El tiempo operatorio promedio fue de 151 minutos. El resultado anatómico (POP-Q), pre y postoperatorio, resultó favorable y estadísticamente significativo, en los nueve puntos evaluados, 49 de las 54 pacientes fueron seguidas en promedio durante 15 meses. En el compartimiento apical (punto C) obtuvimos curación del 89 por ciento y no hubo fracasos. En la pared anterior, 22 por ciento de las pacientes recidivaron. En cuanto a las complicaciones, se produjo una fístula ureterovaginal. Conclusiones: Tomando las precauciones necesarias, es una técnica segura y reproducible, con buenas tasa de curación. Asegurar la indemnidad del uréter, siempre será una obligación. La recidiva en pared anterior, aunque sea asintomática, resulta ser extremadamente alta, lo que nos obliga a pensar en nuevas técnicas de abordaje de este compartimiento.

Objective: To describe a novel surgery technique in the national ground, of vaginal approach for the treatment of apical prolapse: the transvaginal high suspension to the uterosacral ligaments (STALUS). Method: It is a longitudinal descriptive study that included 57 patients with apical support defects, in which this technique was performed between December 2002 and October 2005. Descriptive statistics and t test were per-formed for the anatomical outcome (POP-Q). For the potential prognosis factors, ANOVA, lineal regression and logistic, were used. Results: The average surgery time was 151 minutes. The anatomical result (POP-Q), before and after surgery, was favourable and significant in the nine points evaluated. 49 of 54 patients were followed for 15 months in average. In the apical compartment (C point) we got an 89 percent of cure and there were no failure. In the anterior wall, instead, 22 percent of our patients recurred. About complications, there was an ureterovaginal fistula. Conclusions: If all precautions are taking, there is a secure and reproducible technique, with good cure rate. To secure the ureter it is always an obligation. The recurrence in the anterior wall, even been asymptomatic, is too high, that make us think in new techniques in order to manage this compartment.

Reparación de polapso vaginal anterior con malla de prolene / Anterior vaginal prolapse repair with prolene mesh

ANTECEDENTES: La reparación del prolapso vaginal anterior presenta una alta tasa de recurrencia. La colporrafia anterior con malla de prolene es una buena alternativa quirúrgica que ha obtenido buenos resultados a largo plazo. OBJETIVO: Evaluar el resultado anatómico y la evolución de la colporrafia anterior con malla de prolene. MÉTODO: Estudio de cohorte prospectivo para evaluar el resultado quirúrgico. RESULTADOS: Ingresaron 35 pacientes con una edad promedio de 61,4 años; 85,7% de ellas estaba en postmenopausia y 3% utilizaba terapia hormonal de reemplazo. La principal patología asociada fue la incontinencia de orina de esfuerzo (54,3%). El estado del piso pelviano preoperatorio correspondió a 31,4% cistocele grado II, 48,6% cistocele grado III y 20% cistocele grado IV. Se asoció prolapso uterino en 88,6% de los casos y 74,3% con prolapso de la pared posterior. No hubo complicaciones intraoperatorias. Hubo complicaciones postoperatorias en 4 pacientes (11,4%). Una paciente presentó erosión de la malla (2,9%). El seguimiento fue de 1 a 11 meses. En la evaluación postoperatoria de las pacientes con cistocele grado II 80% corrigió a grado 0; para cistocele grado III 72% corrigió a grado 0. Un 11% llegó a grado I y 17% grado II. Para el grupo con cistocele grado IV, 71% resultó en grado 0 y 29% grado II. CONCLUSIÓN: La técnica presentada solucionó un severo problema de calidad de vida de las pacientes afectadas. Se requiere un mayor número de casos y tiempo de seguimiento para su recomendación definitiva.

BACKGROUND: Repair of anterior vaginal prolapse present a high rate of recurrence. Anterior colporrhaphy plus prolene mesh is a surgical option with optimal long term results. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate anatomical results and evolution of anterior colporrhaphy with prolene mesh. METHOD: A prospective cohort study was made to evaluate the surgical outcomes. RESULTS: 35 patients were recruited with a median age of 61.4 years. 85.7% of them were in postmenopausal status and 3% were using hormone replacement therapy. Stress urinary incontinence was associated in 54.3% of the cases. The pelvic floor stage at entry was 31.4% cysthocele stage II, 48.6% stage III and 20% cysthocele stage IV. Uterine prolapse was present in 88.6% of cases and the posterior wall was compromised in 74.3%. There were no intraoperatory complications. Postoperatory complications occurred in 4 patients (11.4%). Only in one case the mesh eroded (2.9%). The follow up was from 1 to 11 months. Of the patients with cysthocele stage II at the moment of evaluation, 80% were at stage 0. For cysthocele stage III 72% turned to stage 0. 11% turned to stage I and 17% to stage II. The cases that presented cysthocele stage IV 71% were at stage 0 and 29% at stage II. CONCLUSION: This technique solved an important quality of life problem of the affected patients. A higher number of cases and time of follow up is needed to recommend this technique definitely.

Cirugía mínimamente invasiva: promontofijación laparoscópica con malla y anclaje de titanio para prolapso de cúpula vaginal / Minimally invasive surgery: laparoscopic promontofixation with mesh and titanium anchor for vaginal vault prolapse

OBJETIVO: Analizar y evaluar la factibilidad técnica, eficacia y seguridad de la promontofijación laparoscópica con malla y anclajes helicoidales de titanio para el tratamiento del prolapso de cúpula vaginal. MÉTODO: Entre noviembre de 2005 y julio de 2006, en el Servicio de Ginecología del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad Católica, se efectuaron 5 promontofijaciones laparoscópicas, utilizando técnica consistente en malla unida al promontorio del sacro con anclajes helicoidales de titanio. El rango de edad de las pacientes fue entre 46 y 65 años, con paridad vaginal entre 2 y 3. RESULTADOS: La técnica quirúrgica logró corregir el defecto en las 5 pacientes. No hubo complicaciones intraoperatorias, ni post operatorias, con rápida recuperación y reintegración a las actividades habituales. CONCLUSIONES: Nos enfrentamos a una novedosa técnica, segura y reproducible, con las ventajas de la laparoscopia, alta precoz y estéticamente óptima.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze and evaluate the technical feasibility, effectiveness and security of the laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy with mesh and helical titanium anchorages for the treatment of vaginal vault prolapse. METHOD: Between November 2005 and July 2006, five laparoscopic sacrocolpopexies, using this technique, took place in the Gynecology Service of the Clinical Hospital of Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, consisting of mesh joined to the sacro promontory with helical titanium anchorages. The age of the patients was between 46 and 65 years, with vaginal parity between 2 and 3. RESULTS: In all patients the surgical technique corrects the defect. There were no interoperating or postoperating complications, with a prompt recovery and reintegration to usual activities. CONCLUSIONS: We face a novel, safe and reproducible technique, with the advantages of the laparoscopy, early leave hospital and esthetically optimum.

Mallas protésicas con dispositivo en la corrección del prolapso genital / Prosthetic meshes with device in the correction of genital prolapse

OBJETIVO: Evaluar la factibilidad, seguridad y eficacia de la corrección quirúrgica del prolapso genital, con sistema Gynecare Prolift. MÉTODO: Durante junio y agosto del 2006, se realizó corrección de prolapso genital anterior y/o posterior en tres pacientes de la Unidad de Uroginecología y Cirugía Vaginal de Clínica Las Condes. Correspondían a prolapsos grado 2 y 4. RESULTADOS: Se logró una corrección exitosa en los tres casos, no hubo complicaciones intraoperatorias, ni en el postoperatorio inmediato o tardío. El tiempo operatorio fue de 55 y 60 minutos para los dos casos de corrección posterior y de 90 minutos para el de anterior y posterior. La escala visual análoga del dolor a las 12, 24 y 48 horas, fue de puntuación 3. Todas expresaron su entera satisfacción frente a los resultados logrados. CONCLUSIONES: La corrección quirúrgica del prolapso genital con sistema Gynecare Prolift, es factible, seguro y eficaz. Sólo el seguimiento a largo plazo permitirá objetivar la permanencia de estos excelentes resultados.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility, efficacy and safety of the genital prolapse surgery correction with Gynecare Prolift System. METHOD: Between June and August 2006, 3 cases of anterior and/or posterior genital prolapse with this new technique were performed, in patients of Urogynecology and Vaginal Surgery Unit of Las Condes Clinic. The prolapse degree was 2 and 4. RESULTS: The correction was obtained in all cases. Intraoperative, immediate and remote postoperative period not registered any complication. The operating time was 55 and 60 minutes for the posterior correction and 90 minutes for anterior and posterior correction. The pain visual analogue scale at 12, 24 and 48 hours was 3. All patients expressed total satisfaction with the surgical results. CONCLUSIONS: The surgical correction of the genital prolapse with system Gynecare Prolift is feasible, safe and effective. Only the long term following will allow observing the permanence of these excellent results.

Prolapso de cúpula vaginal: tratamento cirúrgico minimamente infasivo com IVStm (Sacropexia Infracoccígea) / Vaginal vault prolapse: minimal surgical treatment with IVStm (Infracoccygeal Sacropexy)

O prolapso de cúpula vaginal continua sendo um dos maiores desafios da ginecologia cirúrgica contemporânea. Quando se estudam as técnicas consagradas pelas meta-análises, considerando as recidivas e o tempo de seguimento, verifica-se que apenas duas delas conseguem bons resultados a longo prazo: colpossacro fixação (abdominal ou laparoscópica) e colpopexia sacroespinhal. Outras técnicas não conseguem manter os resultados iniciais e tornam-se parte da história cirúrgica atual. Neste estudo aborda-se uma técnica minimamente invasiva, promissora e anatômica; conhecida como sacropexia infracoccígea, que utiliza material sintético (polipropileno multifilamentar) nos casos de prolapso da cúpula vaginal. Este tema é importante no contexto atual, pois essas técnicas são reprodutíveis e de baixo custo, além de propiciarem menor tempo de hospitalização, retorno mais rápido às funções normais e melhorarem a qualidade de vida destas pacientes que, dia a dia, tornam-se mais longevas

Colpossacrofixação para correção do prolapso da cúpula vaginal / Abdominal sacropexy to repair vaginal vault prolapse

OBJETIVO: avaliar o resultado da técnica da colpossacrofixação (CSF) para tratamento de pacientes que apresentaram prolapso de cúpula vaginal pós-histerectomia e que foram tratadas no período de 1995 a 2000. MÉTODOS: foram incluídas, retrospectivamente, 21 pacientes com prolapso de cúpula vaginal pós-histerectomia e correção prévia de cistocele e retocele. Foram analisados a idade, paridade, peso e índice de massa corpórea (IMC) o intervalo entre a histerectomia e o aparecimento do prolapso. A colpossacrofixação foi realizada em 15 pacientes, das quais se avaliaram o tempo cirúrgico, perda sangüínea e recidiva. As pacientes submeteram-se a CSF com ou sem interposição de prótese de material sintético entre a cúpula vaginal e o sacro. RESULTADOS: para 15 das 21 pacientes acompanhadas em nosso serviço, a técnica de CSF foi a de eleição. Em um caso houve dificuldade técnica intra-operatória e optou-se pela correção a Te Linde. A média de idade das pacientes foi de 63,7 (47 a 95 anos), paridade 4,6 e o IMC 26,9. A CSF foi realizada, em média, 18 anos após histerectomia total abdominal e 3 anos após histerectomia vaginal. O tempo cirúrgico médio foi de 2 horas e 15 minutos, sem necessidade de transfusão sanguínea. Não houve recidiva do prolapso ou dos sintomas pré-operatórios (seguimento de 1 a 5 anos). CONCLUSÕES: o tratamento cirúrgico do prolapso de cúpula vaginal pode ser realizado pela via vaginal (colpocleise ou fixação ao ligamento sacroespinhoso) e pela via abdominal (colpossacrofixação). Esta última apresenta a vantagem de restaurar o eixo vaginal preservando sua profundidade, o que, além de melhorar o prolapso, permite o restabelecimento das funções sexuais, intestinal e urinária (principalmente quando associada a colpofixação - Burch). Assim, quando o diagnóstico e tratamento são adequados e a equipe cirúrgica tem pleno conhecimento da anatomia pélvica, podemos afirmar que a CSF atinge seu objetivo no tratamento do prolapso de cúpula vaginal, com excelente correção e mínima morbidade.

Colpocleise: ainda há indicaçöes? relato de um caso / Colpocleisis: are there any indications? a case report

Os autores relatam um caso de paciente com prolapso genital completo e sem condiçöes clínicas de ser submetida à anestesia geral ou de conduçäo. A paciente, de 84 anos e sem vida sexual há muitos anos, foi submetida a colpocleise parcial (técnica de Le Fort) com infiltraçäo anestésica local. Os autores concluem que a colpocleise, embora deva ser considerada como cirurgia paliativa e de exceçäo, ainda encontra indicaçöes na prática ginecológica diária.