Hanseníase virchowiana pruriginosa em idoso: a importância do exame dermatoneurológico e suspeição diagnóstica / Itching lepromatous leprosy in an elderly man: the importance of dermatologic and neurological examination and the diagnosis' suspicion

INTRODUÇÃO: A hanseníase virchowiana (MHV) polar é forma clínica de diagnóstico mais difícil nas fases iniciais, já que o comprometimento neurológico é tardio e não há presença de placas. Relata-se um caso com sintoma atípico em idoso: o prurido. RELATO DE CASO: Homem, 81 anos, branco, procedente de Itirapina - SP, encaminhado ao serviço de referência com hipótese diagnóstica de "alergia", relatava que há dois anos notou a presença de pápulas, placas e nódulos em corpo, associado a prurido intenso generalizado, mais pronunciado nas lesões. Ao exame físico, havia livedo reticular difuso que poupava a área do polígono de Michaelis, acrocianose, madarose, pápulas, placas e nódulos eritêmato-violáceos em abdome, região perimamilar, membros inferiores e região glútea. Ao exame neurológico, notou-se espessamento de nervos ulnares, radiais, tibiais e fibular esquerdo. Não apresentava garra ulnar e o teste de sensibilidade com monofilamentos não demonstrou perda da sensibilidade tátil nas mãos ou protetora nos pés. A baciloscopia de pontos índices variou entre de 3 a 5+, com índice morfológico de 3%. O teste de Mitsuda foi negativo, e a biópsia de uma das lesões evidenciou MHV. DISCUSSÃO: A MHV polar constitui-se na forma mais bacilífera e de maior dificuldade diagnóstica, quando não se faz a suspeição. A virtual ausência de imunidade permite que o bacilo prolifere na célula nervosa por quase uma década, em média, sem que haja sintomas característicos (nódulos, "manchas", neurite ou deformidades). Embora seja sintoma atípico, a xerose cutâneo-mucosa pode causar prurido, e o comprometimento neurovascular leva ao livedo reticular e acrocianose, sinais que devem alertar o clínico para a suspeita diagnóstica,...

INTRODUCTION: Polar lepromatous leprosy (LLp) is a clinical form which the diagnosis is very difficult in early stages, since nerve damage is not seen, and there are not visible plaques. We report a case with atypical symptoms in an elderly man: the pruritus.CASE REPORT: Male, 81 years, caucasian, coming from Itirapina - SP, referred to the dermatological service with the diagnosis of "allergy", reported that two years ago noted the presence of papules, plaques and nodules on the body, associated with intense pruritus, more pronounced on the lesions. Physical examination revealed diffuse livedo (which was not seen only on the area of the Michaelis polygon), as weel as acrocyanosis, madarosis, papules, plaques, and erythematous-violaceous nodules on the abdomen, perimamilar region, legs and buttocks. On neurological examination it was noted nerves thickening: both ulnars, radials, tibials, and left fibular. He had no ulnar claw and sensitivity test monofilaments showed no loss of tactile sensitivity on the hands, or even loss of protective sensitivity on the feet. Bacilloscopy of smear from index points ranged from 3-5+, with morphological index = 3%. The Mitsuda test was negative, and biopsy of the lesions showed LL.DISCUSSION: The LLp is the most infectious form of leprosy, and it is the most difficult to make diagnosis, mainly when do not suspected. The virtual lack of immunity allows the bacilli proliferate in the nerve cell for nearly a decade, on average, without typical symptoms (lumps, "stains", neuritis or deformities). Although atypical symptom, mucocutaneous xerosis can cause itching, and neurovascular involvement leads to livedo reticularis and acrocyanosis, signs that should alert the clinician to the diagnosis,...

Caracterización clínico-epidemiológica telefónica de la mordedura por araña de rincón, en un centro de información toxicológica de Chile, durante el año 2005 / Prevalence and epidemiology of Loxosceles laeta bite. Analysis of consultations to a poison control center

Background: Loxoscelism is caused by the bite of spider Loxosceles laeta. It can cause a cutaneous or systemic syndrome. Aim: To determine the epidemiol¢gica! and clinical features of patients bitten by the Chilean recluse spider (Loxosceles laeta). Material and Methods: All communications received at a telephonic orientation center for intoxications during 2005 were analyzed, selecting those who involved patients with symptoms that suggested loxoscelism (i.e., pain, burning sensation, blue area, hematuria, fever or myalgia). These were derived to the emergency room for confirmation of the diagnosis. Forty-eight hours after the initial communication, patients were contacted by phone to find out about the definitive diagnosis. The variables analyzed were: gender, age, geographical location, time since exposure, part of the body involved, clinical signs and definitive diagnosis. Results: Of 2,831 telephonic consultations with suspected loxoscelism, the diagnosis was confirmed in 287. All of these patients had cutaneous loxoscelism and only 7.3 percent of them developed visceral loxoscelism. Fifty six percent of patients with loxoscelism presented two or more clinical signs. The most common were a blue area, pain and a burning sensation, in 69 percent, 58 percent and 38 percent of patients, respectively. Fifty-one percent of patients developed signs within the first 12 hours. All patients with visceral syndrome presented with hemoglobinuria. No cases of loxoscelism were registered in areas located southern than the Xth region of Chile. There were no fatalities attributed to loxoscelism. Conclusions: Most cases of loxoscelism of this series were cutaneous. The population must be educated about the clinical signs of spider bite to seek early and adequate medical treatment.

Lesiones pruriginosas en pacientes con SIDA: correlación clínico-patológica / Pruriginous lesions in patients with AIDS: correlation clinical pathologic

Se realizó la correlación clínico patológica en un estudio prospectivo de 40 pacientes atendidos en el consultorio de PROCETSS del Hospital Nacional General Arzobispo Loayza, de mayo a noviembre de 1997, para el estudio de lesiones pruriginosas en pacientes HIV mas. Se concluyó que: el 28.57 por ciento del total de pacientes atendidos por SIDA en el consultorio, padeció de prurito en alguna etapa de la evolución de la enfermedad; en los cuarenta pacientes estudiados el prurito ocupó el segundo lugar como manifestación clínica inicial; las lesiones histopatológicas más frecuentes fueron: dermatitis crónica fibrosante, dermatitis granulomatosa a Cándida y Herpes; los agentes etiológicos detectados con mayor frecuencia fueron: Cándida albicans, virus herpes simple 2 y virus Epstein Barr, en las biopsias de piel se identificó agentes infecciosos de patología dermatológica y agentes infecciosos, en algunos pacientes, con enfermedad diseminada y foco de afección primaria diferente a la piel.

Manifestaciones cutáneas en pacientes dializados por insuficiencia renal crónica / Cutaneous manifestations in patients on dialysis for chronic renal failure

La hemodiálisis proporciona a los pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica (IRC) una supervivencia prolongada, pero a su vez condiciona el desarrollo de diferentes manifestaciones cutáneas. Se evaluaron 130 pacientes bajo tratamiento hemodialítico por un período mayor a seis meses, encontrándose las siguientes manifestaciones cutáneas: prurito en 100 pacientes (76,92 por ciento), xerosis en 99 (76,15 por ciento), manifestaciones ungulares en 82 pacientes (63,07 por ciento), cambios en la coloración de la piel en 82 pacientes (63.07 por ciento), alteraciones del pelo en 81 (62,30 por ciento), hiperqueratosis folicular urémica en 24 pacientes (18,46 por ciento). En un caso se observó calcinosis cutis (0,76 por ciento)