Descripción de las tasas de egresos hospitalarios por psoriasis entre los años 2018 a 2021 en Chile / Psoriasis hospital discharge rates description from 2018 to 2021 in Chile

Introducción: La psoriasis es una enfermedad crónica con diversas manifestaciones cutáneas que presenta asociación con patologías cardiovasculares y reumatológicas y que puede requerir manejo hospitalizado. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la tasa de egresos hospitalarios por psoriasis entre los años 2018-2021 en Chile. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo observacional, sobre egresos hospitalarios por psoriasis entre 2018-2021, Chile, según sexo y grupos etario (n=2463). Datos obtenidos del Departamento de estadística e información de Salud. Se calculó la Tasa de egreso hospitalario (TEH). No se requirió comité de ética. Resultados: El año 2020 y 2021 se presentó la menor TEH del periodo de estudio con 2.8 y 2.09/100.000 hab respectivamente. El sexo masculino presento la mayor TEH del periodo con 4.96, y el grupo etario de 45-64 años presento la mayor TEH con 6.97/100000 habitantes. Discusión: En el año 2020 y 2021 se evidenció una reducción de la tasa de egreso hospitalario, que coincide con la declaración de pandemia en el año 2020 producto del virus SARS-CoV-2 y esto puede deberse a una reconversión de camas, a camas respiratorias. El sexo femenino podría presentar menor TEH debido a que el estrógeno se reporta como un factor protector. La mayor TEH en el grupo etario 45-64 puede explicarse debido a que esta población presenta más comorbilidades que predisponen a la psoriasis. Conclusión: Se requieren más estudios a nivel nacional para profundizar en los resultados encontrados. Existe escasez de estadísticas nacionales de tasa de egreso de psoriasis siendo interesante aumentar el periodo de tiempo estudiado para profundizar los hallazgos reportados.

Introduction: Psoriasis is a chronic disease with a diversity of skin manifestations, whose etiology is multifactorial and associated with cardiovascular and rheumatological pathologies and that may require hospitalization. The objective of this study was to describe the rate of hospital discharges due to psoriasis between the years 2018-2021 in Chile. Methodology: Observational descriptive study on hospital discharges for psoriasis between 2018-2021 in Chile according to sex and age groups (n=2463).. The data was obtained from the Department of Statistics and Health Information (DEIS). The Hospital Discharge Rate (TEH) was calculated. No ethics committee was required. Results: The year 2020 and 2021 presented the lowest TEH of the study period with 2.8 and 2.09/100,000 habitants respectively. The male sex presented the highest TEH of the period with 4.96, and the age group of 45-64 years presented the highest TEH with 6.97/100,000 habitants. Discussion: In 2020 and 2021, there was a reduction in the hospital discharge rate, which coincides with the declaration of a pandemic in 2020 as a result of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and this may be due to a conversion of beds to respiratory beds. The female sex could present lower TEH because estrogen is reported as a protective factor. The higher TEH in the 45-64 age group can be explained by the fact that this population presents more comorbidities that predispose to psoriasis. Conclusion: More studies are required at a national level to deepen the results found. There is a scarcity of national statistics on the rate of discharge from psoriasis, and it is interesting to increase the period of time studied to deepen the reported findings.

Caracterización clínica y epidemiológica de pacientes con psoriasis y prescripción de terapia biológica en Venezuela: estudio transversal / Clinical and epidemiological characterization of patients with psoriasis and the prescription of biological therapy in Venezuela: a cross-sectional study

Introducción La psoriasis es una enfermedad crónica que compromete la piel, padecida por cerca de 125 millones de personas en todo el mundo. En un grupo determinado de pacientes, también puede afectar el sistema articular. Para el control y seguimiento de los pacientes con psoriasis se estableció la aplicación de los índices de severidad del área de psoriasis y de calidad de vida dermatológica. Ambos parámetros son necesarios para el inicio de terapia biológica, según lo establecido en la guía de manejo de psoriasis (2015) del comité nacional de enfermedades reumatológicas, inmunológicas y de metabolismo óseo del Instituto Venezolano de los Seguros Sociales. Objetivo Caracterizar las variables clínicas, epidemiológicas y la prescripción de terapia biológica en los pacientes con psoriasis que acceden al programa de dispensación de alto costo de la farmacia del Instituto Venezolano de los Seguros Sociales. Método Es un estudio descriptivo, transversal. Resultados Se evaluaron 374 expedientes, donde el sexo masculino fue más frecuente con 56,1% (p < 0,001), provenientes en su mayoría de la ciudad de Caracas, en la comparación de los grupos de edad con el sexo, se observó que existía una diferencia entre estos (p < 0,05). El 57,5% usó previamente metotrexato; 6,68% biológicos; 3,2% esteroides tópicos y 31% no reportó qué tipo de terapia previa recibía. Dentro de las presentaciones clínicas, 70% correspondió a la psoriasis en placa. El 79% de los pacientes presentaba actividad moderada según el índice de la severidad del área de psoriasis, y al 11% se les realizó el índice de calidad de vida dermatológica, de los cuales 39% presentaban un efecto extremadamente importante. El rango anérgico de la prueba de Mantoux representó 70,9% de los casos, donde al 0,3% le fue realizado la prueba de Booster, y la radiografía de tórax se reportó normal en 95%. El medicamento biológico más demandado fue el etanercept con 52% de los casos. Conclusiones El sexo masculino y su relación con la psoriasis fue un hallazgo de importancia, como también se evidenció la necesidad de mejorar los componentes administrativos en la gestión de los formatos de solicitud de medicamentos y fortalecer la aplicación de la clinimetría con elemento de buena práctica médica.

Introduction Psoriasis is a chronic disease that affects the skin. One hundred twenty-five million people around the world suffer from this condition. In specific groups of patients, the joints may also be involved. To control and follow-up patients with psoriasis, psoriasis area severity and dermatological quality of life measurements were established. Both parameters are necessary for the initiation of biological therapy, as specified in the psoriasis management guide (2015) of the national committee of rheumatological, immunological, and bone metabolism diseases of the Venezuelan Institute of Social Security. Objective To characterize the clinical and epidemiological variables and the prescription of biological therapy in patients with psoriasis who access the high-cost dispensing program of the Venezuelan Institute Social Security (IVSS) pharmacy. Methods This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study. Results A total of 374 patient records were assessed. The male gender was more frequent, with 56.1% (p <0.001), mostly from Caracas city. In comparing age groups with sex, a difference among these was observed (p <0.05). 57.5% previously used methotrexate, 6.68% biological, 3.2% topical steroids, and 31% did not report which type of previous therapy they had received. Amongst the clinical presentations, 70% corresponded to plaque psoriasis. 79% of the patients presented moderate activity according to the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI): Eleven percent were assessed with the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI); 39% of them reported an extremely important effect. The anergic range of the Mantoux test represented 70.9% of the cases, and 0.3% took the booster evaluation. Chest X-ray was reported normal in 95% of the cases. The most demanded biological medicine was etanercept, in 52% of the cases. Conclusions Male gender and its association with psoriasis was an important finding. The need to improve the administrative components in completing the medication request formats and strengthen clinical measurements and good medical practice was also found.

Analysis of cardiovascular risk and carotid intima-media thickness in patients with psoriasis

Abstract Background: Psoriasis is associated with atherosclerosis and increased cardiovascular risk. Currently, an automated ultrasound, called quantitative intima media thickness, has proven to be a useful method to evaluate subclinical atherosclerosis. Objectives: To compare increased cardiovascular risk in psoriasis patients receiving two types of treatments: Methotrexate and tumor necrosis factor inhibitor and to evaluate the correlation between the Framingham score and quantitative intima media thickness. Methods: Fifty patients with plaque psoriasis were selected from June 2017 to July 2018, divided into two groups, receiving methotrexate and tumor necrosis factor inhibitor. Measurement of abdominal circumference, blood pressure, body mass index and presence of metabolic syndrome were performed. Afterwards, the patients were evaluated for increased cardiovascular risk with the Framingham score and for the quantitative intima media thickness of the carotid arteries. Results: The mean age was 54.8 (±12.5) with a slight male predominance (58%). Overall, 84% of the patients had elevated waist circumference, 82% had a body mass index above ideal, and 50% had a metabolic syndrome. For the correlation between quantitative intima media thickness and Framingham Score, Pearson's linear correlation coefficient was 0.617 (p < 0.001), indicating a moderate to strong positive association. Study limitations: The protective effect of the therapies cited in relation to the increased cardiovascular risk was not evaluated. Conclusions: A moderate to strong positive association was found correlating the Framingham Score values with the quantitative intima media thickness measurement and it is not possible to state which drug has the highest increased cardiovascular risk.

Evaluation of the occurrence of sexual dysfunction and general quality of life in female patients with psoriasis

Abstract: Background: Psoriasis has a significant impact on quality of life (QoL). Sexual life can also be affected, with sexual dysfunction being reported by 25-70% of patients. Objectives: To determine the occurrence of sexual dysfunction and evaluate QoL in women with psoriasis. Methods: This case-control study included women aged 18-69 years. The validated Brazilian Portuguese versions of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) were administered to all participants to assess sexual function and QoL, respectively. Patients with psoriasis underwent clinical evaluation for the presence of comorbidities, especially psoriatic arthritis and other rheumatic manifestations. Location of lesions and the extent of skin involvement were also assessed. Results: The sample consisted of 150 women, 75 with diagnosis of psoriasis and 75 healthy controls. Prevalence of sexual dysfunction was high in women with psoriasis (58.6% of the sample). Prevalence was statistically higher in women with psoriasis than in controls (P = 0.014). The SF-36 domain scores were also lower in women with psoriasis, with role limitations due to physical health, limitations due to emotional problems, and mental health being the most affected domains. Study limitations: Sample size was calculated to evaluate the association between the occurrence of sexual dysfunction and psoriasis, but it did not include the determination of the possible causes of this dysfunction. Conclusions: QoL and sexual function were altered in women with psoriasis and should be taken into consideration when assessing disease severity.

Prevalence of smoking, alcohol consumption and metabolic syndrome in patients with psoriasis

Abstract: Background: Coexistence of obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia is defined as metabolic syndrome (MBS), which is among the important risk indicators for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and stroke. Smoking and alcohol consumption are the other factors which lead to an increase in the risk of cardiovascular disease. Objective: To investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, smoking and alcohol consumption in psoriasis patients and the relationship between disease severity and these factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 563 patients with chronic plaque-type psoriasis, all of which completed a questionnaire and underwent a complete physical examination. Data about MBS components, psoriasis severity/duration, smoking and alcohol consumption, and cardiovascular diseases were recorded. Results: A total of 563 patients with ages ranging from 18 to 78 years were evaluated. Metabolic syndrome was found in 12.6% of the patients [central obesity (38.7%), hypertension (14.3%), dyslipidemia (18.6%), diabetes (9.2%)], while 50.3% had smoking, and 3.3% had alcohol consumption. Patients with metabolic syndrome were older and more likely to have a longer disease duration than those without metabolic syndrome (p<0.05 for each). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was higher in women than in men. Psoriasis was more severe in patients with central obesity, diabetes and smoking than in those without (p<0.05 for each). Study Limitations: Retrospective design. Conclusions: Our results indicate that MBS is a risk factor for psoriasis patients with advanced age. The relationship between disease severity and obesity, diabetes, and smoking in psoriasis patients indicates that the patients should be informed about the potential metabolic risks and receive therapies for behavioral changes besides anti-psoriatic treatment in order to minimize these risks.

Perfil epidemiológico e qualidade de vida na psoríase / Epidemiological profile and quality of life in psoriasis

OBJETIVO: Identificar o perfil epidemiológico de pacientes com psoríase e avaliar o impacto da doença na qualidade de vida deles. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal e descritivo, realizado em um ambulatório de referência, entre 2013 e 2014. Foram incluídos indivíduos de ambos os sexos com mais de 18 anos. Variáveis clínicas e epidemiológicas foram estudadas. Para análise do impacto na qualidade de vida, foi utilizado o Dermatology Life Quality Index. A severidade da psoríase foi determinada pelo uso ou não de terapia sistêmica. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 41 indivíduos, sendo a maioria formada por homens (52,2%), com idade média da amostra 54,2 anos (desvio padrão 13,0), brancos (76,0%), com predomínio de analfabetos e com Ensino Fundamental incompleto (37,0% cada). O uso de terapia sistêmica foi referido por 73,0% da amostra, sendo o metotrexato a medicação mais utilizada (63,1%). A forma clínica mais prevalente foi a generalizada (62,0%), com predomínio de casos de severidade moderada a grave (73,1%). O Dermatology Life Quality Index médio da amostra foi de 5,6 (desvio padrão de 5,1). CONCLUSÃO: Ressaltam-se a necessidade e a importância da avaliação global do paciente psoriático, permitindo individualizar tratamentos, melhorar a relação médico-paciente e obter melhores resultados que satisfaçam a ambos: profissional e paciente.(AU)

Objective: To identify the epidemiological profile of, and to evaluate the impact on quality of life of patients with psoriasis. METHODS: Cross-sectional and descriptive study conducted at a reference outpatient clinic from 2013 to 2014. Individuals of both genders and over 18 years of age were included. Clinical and epidemiological variables were studied. The Dermatology Life Quality Index was used to analyze the impact on quality of life. The severity of psoriasis was determined by the use or not of systemic therapy. RESULTS: Forty-one individuals were included, with most of them being males (52.2%); mean age was 54.2 years (SD=13.0), white (76.0%), predominance of illiteracy and incomplete primary education (37.0% each); the use of systemic therapy was reported by 73.0%. Methotrexate was the most used medication (63.1%). The generalized form was the most prevalent (62.0%), with a predominance of moderate to severe severity (73.1%). The mean Dermatology Life Quality Index of the sample was 5.6 (SD=5.1). CONCLUSION: The need for the global evaluation of the psoriatic patient, along with its importance, are highlighted, allowing individualization of treatments, improvement of doctor-patient relationship, and achievement of better results that satisfy both the professional and the patient.(AU)

Prevalence and heritability of psoriasis and benign migratory glossitis in one Brazilian population

Abstract: Background: An oral condition associated to psoriasis is benign migratory glossitis. The review of the literature does not show any publication about heritability in both soriasis and benign migratory glossitis and prevalence of psoriasis in the Brazilian population. Objective: This research was carried out in order to determine the prevalence of psoriasis and benign migratory glossitis in the Brazilian population from a Brazilian sample, as well as the heritability in these conditions. Methods: Six thousand patients were studied from the records of the outpatient dermatology department. The sample had 129 patients with cutaneous psoriasis, 399 with benign migratory glossitis without psoriasis and a control group with 5,472 patients. After data collection, the statistical analysis was made using Woolf, Chi-square and Falconer tests. Results: The prevalence of psoriasis was 2.15% and the benign migratory glossitis was 7.0%. The prevalence of benign migratory glossitis in the psoriasis group was high (16.3%), and that was statistically significant. Family history in the psoriasis group was 38% for the condition itself and 2,75% for benign migratory glossitis and in the benign migratory glossitis group was 17.54% for the condition itself and 1.5% for psoriasis. The study of heritability was 38.8% for psoriasis and 36.6% for benign migratory glossitis, both with medium heritability. Study limitations: This study was only in the state of São Paulo. Conclusion: This is the first publication that quantifies how much of these conditions have a genetic background and how important the environmental factors are in triggering them.

Estudio del perfil epidemiológico del paciente con psoriasis en diferentes países de latinoamérica 2011 - 2014 / Epidemiological study of patients with psoriasis in different countries of latin america 2011-2014

La psoriasis es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica, sistémica, que afecta la calidad de vida y sobrevida del paciente. La incidencia a nivel mundial oscila entre el 1,5% - 3%. Objetivo: Mejorar el conocimiento del paciente con psoriasis concerniente a factores clínicos, sociales y tratamientos indicados en Latinoamérica. Material y Métodos: Estudio multicéntrico, colaborativo, longitudinal, descriptivo y cuali-cuantitativo. Encuesta indirecta desarrollada entre 2011 ­ 2014. Resultados: Fueron incorporados 1672 registros. El 47,7% femenino y el 52,3% masculino. 57,3% de Argentina, 19% de Ecuador, 13,1% de Colombia, 4,7% de Cuba, 3,5% de México y con 1% Bolivia, Chile, Honduras, Paraguay, Perú y Uruguay. La psoriasis en placa estuvo presente en el 80,5% y el 95,2%, Guttata entre el 6,5% y 15,2%, y eritrodérmica (2,8%), invertida (2,2%) y pustulosa (1,3%). Comorbilidades: diabetes alrededor del 8%, resaltando Cuba con un valor del 1,3%. México con la mayor prevalencia de dislipemias (45,5%) e Hipertensión Arterial (33,9%). La calidad de vida y su afectación en el 42,3% de los pacientes y un 57,7% la encuentra alterada entre moderada y significativamente. Conclusión: Estudios colaborativos (registros regionales) como el presente son herramientas útiles para determinar características de presentación de la psoriasis en los pacientes de diferentes regiones y países. (AU)

Psoriasis is a systemic, chronic inflammatory disease that affects the quality of life and survival of patients. The worldwide incidence ranges from 1.5% - 3%. Objective: To raise awareness of psoriasis patient concerning clinical, social and treatments indicated in Latin factors. Material and Methods: A multicenter, collaborative, longitudinal, descriptive and qualitative and quantitative study. Indirect survey carried out between 2011 - 2014. Results: They were built 1672 records. 47.7% female and 52.3% male. 57.3% in Argentina, 19% in Ecuador, 13.1% of Colombia, 4.7% of Cuba, 3.,5% and 1% in Mexico and Bolivia, Chile, Honduras, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay. Plaque psoriasis was present in 80.5% and 95.2%, Guttata between 6.5% and 15.2%, and erythrodermic (2.8%), inverted (2.2%) and pustular (1.3%). Comorbidities: diabetes around 8%, highlighting Cuba with a value of 1.3%. Mexico with the highest prevalence of dyslipidemia (45.5%) and hypertension (33.9%). The quality of life and their involvement in 42.3% of patients and 57.7% find it moderate and significantly altered. Conclusion: Collaborative studies (regional registers) as the present are useful tools for determining characteristics of presentation of psoriasis in patients from different regions and countries. (AU)

Comorbidities and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with psoriasis

BACKGROUND: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease and its pathogenesis involves an interaction between genetic, environmental, and immunological factors. Recent studies have suggested that the chronic inflammatory nature of psoriasis may predispose to an association with other inflammatory diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders. OBJECTIVES: To describe the demographic, clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory characteristics of a sample of psoriasis patients; to assess the prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities in this group of patients; and to identify the cardiovascular risk profile using the Framingham risk score. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study involving the assessment of 190 patients. Participants underwent history and physical examination. They also completed a specific questionnaire about epidemiological data, past medical history, and comorbidities. The cardiovascular risk profile was calculated using the Framingham risk score. RESULTS: Patients' mean age was 51.5 ± 14 years, and the predominant clinical presentation was plaque psoriasis (78.4%). We found an increased prevalence of systemic hypertension, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and obesity. Increased waist circumference was also found in addition to a considerable prevalence of depression, smoking, and regular alcohol intake. Patients' cardiovascular risk was high according to the Framingham risk score, and 47.2% of patients had moderate or high risk of fatal and non-fatal coronary events in 10 years. CONCLUSIONS: Patients had high prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities, and high cardiovascular risk according to the Framingham risk score. Further epidemiological studies are needed in Brazil for validation of our results. .

Enfermedad coronaria en pacientes con psoriasis / Coronary artery disease in patients with psoriasis

Comunicaciones previas asociaron la psoriasis con la enfermedad coronaria. Desconocemos si en nuestro país o región existe dicha asociación. Se realizó un estudio transversal analizando los datos de la historia clínica electrónica de un sistema de salud de Buenos Aires. Analizamos todos los pacientes mayores de 18 años con diagnóstico de psoriasis entre el 1 de enero de 2003 y el 31 de julio de 2011 y los comparamos con un grupo control, en una relación 2:1, obtenido en forma aleatoria del mismo sistema de salud, apareados por edad y sexo. Determinamos la prevalencia de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular y de enfermedad coronaria. Analizamos la asociación entre la enfermedad coronaria y la psoriasis mediante análisis uni y multivariado. Se incluyeron 3 833 sujetos (1 286 pacientes con psoriasis y 2 547 controles). La prevalencia de hipertensión arterial (50% vs. 38%, p < 0.001), tabaquismo (25% vs. 17%, p < 0.001), diabetes (12% vs. 8%, p < 0.001) y enfermedad coronaria (4.98% vs. 3.06%, p = 0.003) fue mayor en los sujetos con psoriasis en comparación con el grupo control. Independientemente de la edad, la presencia de diabetes, hipertensión arterial o tabaquismo, hubo una asociación significativa entre la enfermedad coronaria y la psoriasis (OR 1.48, IC95% 1.04-2.11, p = 0.03). En conclusión, en esta población de Buenos Aires, los pacientes con psoriasis tuvieron una mayor prevalencia de diabetes, hipertensión arterial, tabaquismo y enfermedad coronaria. La asociación entre la psoriasis y la enfermedad coronaria fue independiente de los factores de riesgo explorados.

In previous reports, psoriasis was associated with an increased rate of coronary artery disease. These data has not been investigated in our population. We performed a cross-sectional study analyzing data from electronic medical records of a health system in Buenos Aires. We included all patients older than 18 years diagnosed with psoriasis between January 1, 2003 and July 31, 2011 and compared them with a control group. Controls were selected randomly by strata of age and sex from the same health system in a 2:1 ratio. We determined the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and coronary heart disease. We analyzed the association between psoriasis and coronary artery disease by both univariate and multivariate analyzes. In total, 3 833 subjects were included (1 286 with psoriasis and 2 547 controls). The prevalence of hypertension (50% vs. 38%, p < 0.001), smoking (25% vs. 17%, p < 0.001), diabetes (12% vs. 8%, p < 0.001) and coronary artery disease (4.98% vs. 3.06%, p = 0.003) were higher in the psoriasis group compared to controls. Regardless age and the presence or absence of diabetes, hypertension or smoking, there was a significant association between coronary artery disease and psoriasis (OR 1.48, CI95% 1.04-2.11, p = 0.03). In conclusion, in this population of Buenos Aires, psoriasis patients had a higher prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, smoking, and coronary artery disease. The association between psoriasis and coronary artery disease was independent of the risk factors explored.

Inmunopatogenia de la psoriasis. Impacto en las manifestaciones clínicas y el tratamiento de la enfermedad / Immunopathogenesis of psoriasis. Impact on clinical manifestations and its treatment

La psoriasis es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica de la piel mediada por células T que afecta a individuos con predisposición genética y presenta varios subtipos clínicos. Se caracteriza por la presencia de placas eritematosas bien definidas, escamosas y de bordes irregulares, que afectan fundamentalmente las regiones de los codos, las rodillas, el cuero cabelludo y el tronco. El alelo HLA-Cw6 del sistema principal de histocompatibilidad está relacionado con la presencia y severidad de la enfermedad. Desde el punto de vista fisiopatogénico, la psoriasis es una enfermedad inmune de tipo Th1, en la que es fundamental el eje IL-23/Th17. Las células Th17 producen las citocinas proinflamatorias (IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22 e IL-26) que activan los queratinocitos y causan hiperproliferación y mayor producción de citocinas proinflamatorias y péptidos antimicrobianos, los que a su vez reclutan y activan otras células inmunes de la piel inflamada. Se produce así una amplificación de la respuesta inflamatoria que conduce a las manifestaciones clínicas de la enfermedad. El tratamiento de la psoriasis incluye agentes antiinflamatorios tópicos, fototerapia, inmunosupresores sistémicos y agentes biológicos, entre los que se encuentran las proteínas de fusión, los inhibidores del factor de necrosis tumoral alfa y los inhibidores de las interleucinas 12 y 23

Psoriasis is a T cell-mediated chronic inflammatory disease of the skin. It affects genetically predisposed individuals and presents several subtypes. It is characterized by the presence of well-defined erythematous, scaly, irregular border plaque or lesions, affecting mainly the elbows, knees, scalp, and trunk. The HLA-Cw6 allele of major histocompatibility system is related to the presence and severity of this disease. From the physiopathogenic viewpoint, psoriasis is a Th1-type immune disease in which the axle IL-23/Th17 is fundamental. Th17 cells produce proinflammatory cytokines (IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22 and IL-26) which activate keratinocytes and cause hyperproliferation and increased production of proinflammatory cytokines and antimicrobial peptides. The latter, in turn, recruit and activate other immune cells of swollen skin. There is thus an amplification of the inflammatory response that leads to clinical manifestations of this disease. The treatment of psoriasis includes topical antiinflammatory agents, phototherapy and systemic immunosuppressive biological agents, including those which are fusion proteins, inhibitors of alpha tumor factor necrosis, and interleukin inhibitors 12 and 23

Estudio transversal: evaluación de prevalencia de comorbilidades metabólicas y factores de riesgo cardiovascular, y su correlación con la severidad clínica, en 106 pacientes con psoriasis / Prevalence of metabolic comorbidities and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with psoriasis: cross-sectional study

Introducción: Diversos estudios epidemiológicos han demostrado que los pacientes con psoriasis presentan mayor mortalidad general, mortalidad cardiovascular (CV) e incidencia de infarto al miocardio que la población general. Esto se explican o sólo por la mayor prevalencia de factores de riesgo CV clásicos (obesidad, diabetes, hipertensión arterial, entre otros) en estos pacientes, sino que también la psoriasis constituye un factor de riesgo CV independiente en directa relación con su severidad, con mayor impacto en pacientes jóvenes. Objetivos: Evaluar la prevalencia de comorbilidades metabólicas y factores de riesgo CV en 106 pacientes con psoriasis, y su correlación su severidad clínica. Además de comparar dichas prevalencias con las reportadas por la Encuesta Nacional de Salud (ENS) 2010 para la población chilena. Material y método: Se realizó una evaluación antropométrica y una encuesta sobre antecedentes mórbidos y de la psoriasis a 106 pacientes. Se definieron dos grupos de severidad. Se compararon prevalencias entre los grupos de severidad, así como entre la muestra total y la población chilena. Posteriormente se realizó la comparación considerando exclusivamente al grupo etario de 25 a 64 años (84,8 por ciento, tanto para hombres y mujeres. También se compararon prevalencias entre el grupo de pacientes jóvenes con psoriasis severa y la ENS, siendo éste el grupo de mayor riesgo CV asociado a la psoriasis. Resultados: La muestra correspondió a 106 pacientes, 47 mujeres y 59 hombres, con edad media de 43,5 +/- 14 años. La mitad presentó sobrepeso, un 26 por ciento peso normal y un 34 por ciento obesidad, con IMC promedio de 27,8 kg/m2 y gran prevalencia de comorbilidades metabólicas y factores de riesgo CV, siendo los más frecuentes el tabaquismo (41 por ciento) y la hipertensión arterial...

Background: Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that patients with psoriasis have an increased risk of mortality, cardiovascular (CV) mortality and myocardial infarction, than general population. Some explanation for this is related to an increased incidence of classical CV risk factors (e.g: obesity, diabetes, blood hypertension) on psoriasis patients. Additionally, psoriasis itself is considered as an independent CV risk factor, directly related to its severity and with higher impact on young patients. Objective: To determinate the prevalence of metabolic comorbidities and CV risk factors in patients with psoriasis, and its correlation with the severity of the psoriasis. To compare such prevalence with those reported by the national health database for Chilean population developed in 2010. Materials and Methods: An observational and analytic study was conduced at the Dermatology Department of the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Patients with psoriasis were evaluated and classified as having as severity in two groups. The prevalence of metabolic comorbidities was determined, comparing outcomes among patients with mild and severe psoriasis and between all psoriasis patients and Chilean population. Results: One hundred and six patients with psoriasis were included in the study. The mean (SD) age was 43.5 (14) years and 55.6 percent were male. Overweight was present on half of the patients, normal weight was present on 26 percent, and obesity was present on 34 percent. Mean body mass index (IMC) was 27.8kg/m2. The most frequent CV risk factor was tabaquism (41 percent), followed by blood hypertension (22.6 percent). The group with severe psoriasis presented higher prevalence of obesity (31.6 vs.13 percent, p=0.02) and abdominal obesity (86.7 vs. 76 percent, p=0.04),that the group with mild psoriasis...

Comorbilidades metabólicas y cardiovasculares en psoriasis / Cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidity in psoriasis

La psoriasis es una enfermedad crónica y aumenta el riesgo de mortalidad general, mortalidad cardiovascular y diversas enfermedades metabólicas y cardiovasculares. La inflamación crónica observada en psoriasis y aterosclorosis parece ser la razón de esta asociación. Diabetes, hipertensión, dislipidemia, obesidad, síndrome metabólico y otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular clásicos son más frecuentes en psoriasis; sin embargo, la psoriasis ha demostrado ser un factor de riesgo independiente de mortalidad y de enfermedades cardiovasculares. Infarto al miocardio, enfermedades cerebrovasculares, hígado graso y enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica son alguna de las enfermedades específicas relacionadas con la psoriasis. Todas estas observaciones apoyan la idea de psoriasis como una enfermedad sistémica, más que sólo una condición cutánea.

Psoriasis is a chronic disease and increases the risk of general mortality, cardiovascular mortality and several metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. The chronic inflammation observed in psoriasis and atherosclerosis seems to be the reason for this association. Diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, metabolic syndrome and other classical cardiovascular risk factors are more common in psoriasis; however, psoriasis has been shown as an independent risk factor for mortality and cardiovascular diseases. Myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular disorders, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are some specific disease related to psoriasis. All these observations support the idea that psoriasis behaves like a systemic disease, more than just as a cutaneous condition.

Psoríase na infância e na adolescência / Psoriasis in childhood and adolescence

A psoríase é doença inflamatória crônica, imunologicamente mediada, recorrente e de caráter universal. Aproximadamente um terço dos adultos acometidos refere início da doença antes dos 16 anos de idade. Quanto mais precoce, mais grave tende a ser a evolução do quadro. Em crianças, as lesões podem ser fisicamente desfigurantes, causando prejuízos psicológicos e evidente comprometimento da qualidade de vida. As medicações sistêmicas utilizadas na psoríase, bem como a fototerapia, têm indicação limitada na infância, devido aos efeitos cumulativos das drogas, à baixa aceitação e ao risco de teratogenicidade. Nesta seção, discutiremos as principais manifestações clínicas da psoríase na infância e na adolescência, bem como os diagnósticos diferenciais, opções terapêuticas e prognóstico.

Psoriasis is a chronic, immunologically mediated, recurrent and universal inflammatory disorder. Approximately one third of adults refer onset before 16 years of age. The sooner the onset, the worse is the prognosis. In children, lesions may be physically disfiguring, leading to psychological impairment and evident loss of quality of life. Systemic therapy used in psoriasis, as well as phototherapy, has limited use in children due to accumulative effects of drugs, low acceptance, and risk of teratogenicity. In this section, we discuss the main clinical aspects of psoriasis in childhood and adolescence, differential diagnosis, therapeutic options, and prognosis.

Comportamiento clínico epidemiológico de los pacientes con psoriasis atendidos en el centro nacional de dermatología "Dr. Francisco José Gómez Urcuyo" en el péríodo comprendido de abril 2004 a abril 2005 / The patients' epidemic clinical behavior with psoriasis assisted in the national center of dermatology Dr. Francisco José Gómez Urcuyo in the understood péríodo of April 2004 to April 2005

La psoriasis es una dermatosis crónica, recidivantes, que se caracteriza por la presencia de placas eritomnatosas y escamosas que ocasionan alteraciones en la calidad de vida del paciente. No existen datos epidemiológicos nacionales respecto a la psoriasis en Nicaragua. Se hizo un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal acerca del comportamiento clínicoepidemiológico de la psoriasis en el Centro Nacional de Dermatología "Dr. Francisco José Gómes Urcuyo" en el período comprendido de abril del 2004 a abril 2005 con un universo de 284 pacientes diagnósticados con psoriasis que asistieron a consulta externa y al programa de psicodermatosis y para la recolección de la información se elaboró una encuesta con preguntas cerradas y se revisaron expedientes clínicos del departamento de estadística del Hospital donde se lleno la ficha de recolección de la información. De los 284 pacientes estudiados, 162 pertenecian al sexo femenino y 122 al sexo masculino. El grupo etáreo más afectado fue el de 51 años a más. Los principales factores desencadenantes fueron el estrés, alcoholismo, fenómeno isomórfico y las infecciones en menor frecuencia, el 50 porciento de los pacientes encuestados (46) tuvieron antecedentes familiares. El 56.34 por ciento iniciaron su cuadro con psoriasis antes de los 40 años. El índice de severidad y área de psoriasis (PASI) fue de leve a moderado. La topografia más frecuente fue la forma diseminada y predominó la psoriasis en placa. Debemos continuar realizando determinaciones para tener nuestros propios marcadores para conocer el comportamiento real de la psoriasis en Nicaragua. Los resultados se encasillan dentro de los rangos de la epidemiología mundial...