Cardiovascular Risk in Psoriasis Patients: Clinical, Functional and Morphological Parameters / Risco Cardiovascular em Pacientes Psoriásicos: Avaliação de Parâmetros Clínicos, Funcionais e Morfológicos

Abstract Background: Psoriasis correlates with metabolic disorders, early atheromatosis and increased cardiovascular risk. Objectives: To assess markers of cardiovascular disease in psoriatic patients. Methods: Cross-sectional, observational study involving 11 psoriatic participants and 33 controls. Anthropometric, biochemical, hemodynamic and imaging parameters were evaluated. Arterial stiffness was assessed by oscillometric measurement of the brachial artery. Intima-media thickness (IMT) and left ventricular diastolic function were assessed by Doppler echography and echocardiography. Between-group comparisons of numerical variables were performed by the Student's t-test or Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney test for independent samples. Significance level was set at 5%. Results: Psoriatic patients showed increased pulse wave velocity (PWV) (9.1 ± 1.8 vs 8.0 ± 2 m/s, p = 0.033), IMT of the left common carotid artery (p = 0.018) and a higher percentage of patients above the 75th percentile according to the ELSA table when compared with controls (54.5 vs 18.2%, p = 0.045). Psoriatic patients also showed an increase in peripheral/central systolic blood pressure (137.1 ± 13.2 vs 122.3 ± 11.6 mmHg, p = 0.004)/(127 ± 13 vs 112.5 ± 10.4 mmHg, p = 0.005), peripheral/central diastolic blood pressure (89.9 ± 8.9 vs 82.2 ± 8, p = 0.022)/(91 ± 9.3 vs 82.2 ± 8.3, p = 0.014), total cholesterol (252 ± 43.5 vs 198 ± 39.8 mg/dL, p < 0.001), LDL cholesterol (167 ± 24 vs 118 ± 40.8 mg/dL, p < 0.001) and C-reactive protein (7.6 ± 35.4 vs 1 ± 1.2 mg/L p < 0.001) compared with controls. Conclusion: Psoriasis patients show increased PWV, IMT, peripheral and central blood pressures, and serum cholesterol and C-reactive protein levels, denoting a higher cardiovascular risk.

Resumo Fundamento: A psoríase correlaciona-se a distúrbios metabólicos, ateromatose precoce e aumento do risco cardiovascular. Objetivos: Avaliar marcadores de doença cardiovascular na população psoriásica. Métodos: Estudo observacional transversal, envolvendo 11 participantes psoriásicos e 33 controles. Foram avaliados parâmetros antropométricos, laboratoriais, hemodinâmicos e de imagem. A rigidez arterial foi avaliada por oscilometria da artéria braquial. A espessura médio-intimal (EMI) e a função diastólica do ventrículo esquerdo foram avaliadas por meio da ecografia e ecocardiografia Doppler. As comparações de variáveis numéricas entre grupos foram realizadas por teste t-Student e Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney para amostras independentes, adotando-se o nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Os pacientes psoriásicos apresentaram aumento de VOP (9,1 ± 1,8 e 8 ± 2 m/s, p = 0,033), EMI da artéria carótida comum esquerda (p = 0,018) e maior proporção de percentil > 75 pela tabela ELSA (54,5 e 18,2%, p = 0,045) e) quando comparados aos controles. Pacientes psoriásicos também mostraram aumento nos seguintes parâmetros em relação ao grupo controle, respectivamente: pressão arterial sistólica periférica/central (137,1 ± 13,2 e 122,3 ± 11,6 mmHg, p = 0,004)/(127 ± 13 e 112,5 ± 10,4 mmHg, p = 0,005), pressão arterial diastólica periférica/central (89,9 ± 8,9 e 82,2 ± 8 mmHg, p = 0,022) / (91 ± 9,3 e 82,2 ± 8,3 mmHg, p = 0,014), colesterol total (252 ± 43,5 e 198 ± 39,8 mg/dL, p < 0,001), colesterol LDL (167 ± 24 e 118 ± 40,8 mg/dL, p < 0,001) e proteína C reativa (7,6 ± 35,4 e 1 ± 1,2 mg/L, p<0,001). Conclusão: Pacientes psoriásicos apresentam elevações de VOP e EMI, além de maiores pressões arteriais periféricas e centrais, níveis séricos de colesterol e de proteína C reativa, denotando maior risco cardiovascular.

The association between psoriasis and health-related quality of life, work productivity, and healthcare resource use in Brazil

Abstract: Background: Psoriasis is a chronic, immune mediated inflammatory condition that affects a significant amount of the global population. Yet geographic variability in the consequences of psoriasis warrants region-level analyses. Objective: The current study contributes to the psoriasis outcomes literature by offering a comprehensive assessment of the humanistic and economic burden in Brazil. Methods: The 2012 Brazil National Health and Wellness Survey (N=12,000) was used to assess health-related quality of life (Short Form-12, version 2), work productivity, and healthcare resource use associated with experiencing psoriasis vs. no psoriasis, along with varying levels of psoriasis severity. Results: A total of 210 respondents reported diagnosis of psoriasis (N=157, 42, and 11 reporting mild, moderate, and severe psoriasis, respectively). Compared with controls, respondents with psoriasis reported diminished mental component summary scores and health utilities, as well as increased presenteeism, activity impairment, and physician visits over the past six months, adjusting for covariates. Among those with psoriasis, physical health decreased as psoriasis severity increased. Although work productivity and healthcare resource utilization did not differ with psoriasis severity, the high rates of productivity loss (e.g. 45.5% presenteeism in the severe psoriasis group) suggest an economic burden. Study limitations: Cost analyses were not performed, and cross-sectional patient-reported data limit causal conclusions and may reflect reporting biases. Conclusions: Nevertheless, these results suggest a significant burden to patients with psoriasis across both humanistic and economic outcomes. The association between psoriasis and mental health aspects and health utilities were particularly strong and exceeded what would be considered clinically meaningful.

Inmunopatogenia de la psoriasis: nuevos avances / Inmunopatogenia of psoriasis. New progress

La psoriasis es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica de la piel. Su etiología es multifactorial e incluye susceptibilidad genética, factores inmunológicos y múltiples elementos ambientales, que pueden desencadenar y/o exacerbar la enfermedad. En las últimas décadas se han realizado investigaciones minuciosas sobre la patogénesis de la psoriasis, han sido reconocidos varios subtipos de células T que tienen un papel fundamental en el establecimiento de la inflamación en lesiones cutáneas. Los estudios genéticos brindan las bases para la construcción del modelo de la enfermedad, demostrando que las células dendríticas, los linfocitos T y los queratinocitos desempeñan un rol clave en la patología de esta entidad, así como también un conjunto de citoquinas que impulsan la inflamación psoriásica, dentro de las que se incluyen TNFα, IL-22, IL-23 e IL-17, las cuales promueven la respuesta inflamatoria de queratinocitos, y la producción de péptidos antimicrobianos, citoquinas y quimiocinas, perpetuando así la respuesta inflamatoria. En la actualidad, el desarrollo de varios fármacos biológicos altamente eficaces ha revolucionado el tratamiento de la psoriasis en placas de moderada a severa. Estos medicamentos son un reflejo de una mayor comprensión de la patogénesis de la psoriasis, incluyendo la importancia central de IL-23 e IL17 y las diferentes vías de señalización. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una revisión crítica de la literatura sobre la psoriasis y los mecanismos implicados en su imnunopatogenia(AU)

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin. Its etiology involves several agents such as genetic susceptibility, immunological factors and multiple environmental elements, which can trigger and / or exacerbate the disease. In recent decades thorough research has been conducted on the pathogenesis of psoriasis, several T-cell subtypes that play a key role in the establishment of inflammation in skin lesions have been recognized. Genetic studies provide the basis for the construction of the disease model, demonstrating that dendritic cells, T lymphocytes and keratinocytes play a key role in the pathology of this entity, as well as a set of cytokines that drive psoriatic inflammation , such as include TNF , IL-22, IL-23 and IL-17, which promote the inflammatory response of keratinocytes, and the production of antimicrobial peptides, cytokines and chemokines, thus perpetuating the inflammatory response. At present, the development of several highly effective biological drugs has revolutionized the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. These drugs are a reflection of a greater understanding of the pathogenesis of psoriasis, including the central importance of IL-23 and IL-17 and different signaling pathways. The objective of this work is to perform a critical review of the literature on psoriasis and the mechanisms involved in its imnunopathogenesi(AU)

Psoriasis: new comorbidities

Abstract Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with several comorbidities. A few decades ago, it was considered an exclusive skin disease but today it is considered a multisystem disease. It is believed that 73% of psoriasis patients have at least one comorbidity. Studies have demonstrated the association of psoriasis with inflammatory bowel disease, uveitis, psychiatric disorders, metabolic syndrome and its components and cardiovascular diseases. The systemic inflammatory state seems to be the common denominator for all these comorbidities. This work aims at presenting a review of the current literature on some new comorbidities that are associated with psoriasis as osteoporosis, obstructive sleep apnea and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. While there is still controversy, many studies already point to a possible bone involvement in patients with psoriasis, especially in the male group, generally less affected by osteoporosis. Psoriasis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease present some risk factors in common as obesity, smoking and physical inactivity. Besides, both diseases are associated with the metabolic syndrome. These factors could be potential confounders in the association of the two diseases. Further prospective studies with control of those potential confounders should be developed in an attempt to establish causality. Existing data in the literature suggest that there is an association between obstructive sleep apnea and psoriasis, but studies performed until now have involved few patients and had a short follow-up period. It is, therefore, premature to assert that there is indeed a correlation between these two diseases.

Psoriasis severity and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function: results from the CALIPSO study

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease that significantly impacts life quality, being associated with stress and mental disorders. We investigated whether the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis was associated with psoriasis severity, daily life stress and anxiety, and depressive symptoms. In this ancillary study, which was part of the CALIPSO (coronary artery calcium in psoriasis) study, saliva was collected from 102 patients with psoriasis immediately upon awakening, 30, and 60 min after awakening, at 2:00 pm and at bedtime (five time points) to determine salivary cortisol levels. We used Pearson's correlation coefficient to evaluate the association of clinical and psychopathological variables with HPA activity. We found a direct correlation between bedtime cortisol and psoriasis severity evaluated by the psoriasis area severity index (PASI; r=0.39, P<0.001). No correlations between other clinical and psychopathological variables or with other cortisol assessments were observed. The findings indicated that HPA dysfunction may be present in psoriasis, as bedtime cortisol was correlated with psoriasis severity. Our study is limited by the lack of a control group; therefore, we were not able to explore whether these cortisol values were different compared with a concurrent, healthy sample.

Terapia Biológica en Psoriasis / Biologic therapy in psoriasis

La psoriasis es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica, medida inmunológicamente, de etiología desconocida que afecta del 1 al 3 por ciento de la poblalción mundial. Se caracteriza por la Hiperproliferación de queratinositos causada por la estimulación persistente de celulas T por inmunogenos de origen epidermico. Se asocia información dermica y secundariamente hiperplasia epidermica, suceptible de control mediante tratamiento médico prolongado, no curable, con grados diferentes de afectación. Existen múltiples tratamientos como son la terapia tópica, fototerapia y sistémica, con resultados variables. El desarrollo de la biología molecular, la ingeniería genética y biotecnología ha permitido la creación de moléculas dirigidas a etapas específicas de la patogenia de varias enfermedades mediadas por el sistema inmunitario. Estos elementos así obtenidos se denominan productos biológicos, y al uso de estos, terapia biológica. La terapia biológica en pacientes con psoriasis ha mostrado beneficios significativos con perfiles de tolerabilidad y seguridad satisfactorios. La limitación que la terapia biológica presenta dentro de las estrategias de tratamiento es definitivamente, su costo.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease, immunologicaly mediated, of unknown etiology, affecting 1 to 3 per cent of the worldÆs population; is characterized by hiperproliferación of keratinocytes, caused by persistent stimulation of T cells by immunogens of epidermal origin, which associates skin inflammation and secondarily epidermal hyperplasia, which could control through prolonged medical treatment, not curable, with varying degrees of involvement. There are multiple treatments such as topical and systemic therapy, with varying results. The development of molecular biology, genetic engineering and biotechnology has enabled the creation of molecules aimed at specific stages of the pathogenesis of several diseases mediated by the immune system. These elements thus obtained are called biological products, and its use biological therapy. Biological therapy in patients with psoriasis has shown significant benefits with profiles of successful safety and tolerability. The restriction that the biological therapy introduced in the treatment strategies is definitely its cost.

Identidade e adoecimento: a representacao do processo saude-doenca em pacientes dermatologicos / Identity and illness: the representation of the health-disease process in dermatological patients

O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de investigar o processo de adoecimento e suas implicacoes na constituicao da identidade de pacientes com psoriase, assim como a compreencao da relacao entre o sujeito e sua doenca. Para isso foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa, utilizando-se entrevistas semi-estruturadas com pacientes psoriaticos adultos, em situacao de tratamento ambulatorial, cujo tempo de convivencia com a doenca fosse superior a 5 anos. Foi realizada um analise do discurso desses pacientes, com objetivo de compreender a relacao entre sua identidade e seu adoecimento. Dentre os varios aspectos evidenciados pudemos observar qua a psoriase, enquanto doenca cronica, toma grande importancia na vida de quem convive com ela. As dificuldades mais aparentes dizem respeito a convivencia com situacoes estressantes, com sentimentos de rejeicao e revolta, bem como com signifivativas restricoes nas atividades socializadoras. A presenca constante de situacoes conflitantes aparece como outro fato marcante na percepcao dos pacientes, pois, o estabelecimento de vinculos afetivos, com pessoas significativas, costuma se dar com elevado grau de tensao emocional e sofrimento psiquico. O aspecto fisico provocado pela psoriase tende a criar um sentimento de repulsa, levando a percepcao de uma auto-imagem significativamente desfavoravel. A vivencia dos conteudos psiquicos, pelos pacientes, na relacao com a doenca, os levaram a incorporar caracteristicas tipicas do adoecimento como sendo proprias de sua identidade. A pele serve, nesse contexto, como campo de expressao de sua "identidade de doente". No trabalho com pessoas que convivem com doencas cronicas, e de significativa importancia que se leve em consideracao sua historia e vida e a relacao entre a configuracao da identidade e o processo de adoecimento, e que se entenda que mesmo com possiveis modificacoes do quadro clinico da doenca, os processo caracteristicos da identidade podem manter a crenca do individuo de que esses ...

Psoriasis: tratamiento de 20 casos con sulfazalazina / Psoriasis: treatment of 20 cases with sulfasalazine

La sulfasalazina es un fármaco auxiliar en el tratamiento de la colitis ulcerativa crónica inespecifíca, enfermedad de Crohn, artritis reumatoide y psoriásica. Ha demostrado su utilidad en el tratamiento de lesiones cutáneas de psoriasis. Reportamos 20 pacientes con psoriasis en placas tratadas con 3-4 g/d de sulfasalazina durante 8 semanas. Nueve pacientes mostraron desaparición de sus lesiones y mejoría de más del 50 por ciento. Los efectos secundarios fueron náuseas en 8 pacientes y erupción macular en uno. La sulfasalazina es un fármaco que puede considerarse de elección en el tratamiento inicial de la psoriasis en placas