Preterm premature rupture of the fetal membranes: association with sociodemographic factors and maternal genitourinary infections / Ruptura prematura das membranas fetais pré-termo: associação com fatores sociodemográficos e infecções geniturinárias maternas

OBJECTIVE: tthis study aimed to investigate the incidence of premature rupture of fetal membranes in preterm singleton pregnancies and its association with sociodemographic factors and maternal self-reported genitourinary infections. METHODS: this was a population-based cross-sectional study, which included all mothers of newborns of singleton deliveries that occurred in 2010, with birth weight > 500 grams, who resided in the city of Rio Grande. Women were interviewed in the two maternity hospitals. Cases were women who had lost amniotic fluid before hospitalization and whose gestational age was less than 37 weeks. Statistical analysis was performed by levels to control for confounding factors using Poisson regression. RESULTS: of the 2,244 women eligible for the study, 3.1% had preterm premature rupture of fetal membranes, which was more frequent, after adjustment, in women of lower socioeconomic status, (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.94), with lower level of schooling (PR = 2.43), age > 29 years (PR = 2.49), and smokers (PR = 2.04). It was also associated with threatened miscarriage (PR = 1.68) and preterm labor, (PR = 3.40). There was no association with maternal urinary tract infection or presence of genital discharge. CONCLUSIONS: the outcome was more common in puerperal women with lower level of schooling, lower socioeconomic status, older, and smokers, as well as those with a history of threatened miscarriage and premature labor. These factors should be considered in the prevention, diagnosis, and therapy approach. .

OBJETIVO: o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a ocorrência da ruptura prematura das membranas fetais pré-termo em gestações únicas e sua associação com fatores sociodemográficos maternos e infecções geniturinárias autorreferidas. MÉTODOS: estudo transversal de base populacional onde foram incluídas todas as mães dos recém-nascidos dos partos únicos ocorridos no ano de 2010, com peso ao nascer igual ou superior a 500 gramas, residentes no município. As puérperas foram entrevistadas nas duas maternidades da cidade. Foram considerados casos as gestantes que perderam líquido amniótico antes da internação hospitalar e cujo tempo de gestação fosse inferior a 37 semanas. Foi realizada análise estatística por níveis, para controle de fatores de confusão por meio da regressão de Poisson. RESULTADOS: das 2.244 mulheres elegíveis para o estudo, 3,1% apresentaram ruptura prematura das membranas fetais pré-termo, a qual foi mais frequente, após ajuste, nas mulheres de menor nível econômico, razão de prevalência (RP) de 1,94, menor escolaridade, RP de 2,43, com idade superior a 29 anos, RP de 2,49 e tabagistas, RP de 2,04. Também esteve relacionada com ameaça de aborto, RP de 1,68, e de trabalho de parto pré-termo, RP de 3,40. Não houve associação com infecção urinária materna ou presença de corrimento genital. CONCLUSÕES: o desfecho foi mais frequente nas puérperas com menor escolaridade, mais pobres, mais velhas e tabagistas, assim como naquelas com histórico de ameaça de abortamento e trabalho de parto prematuro. Estes fatores devem ser considerados na sua abordagem preventiva, diagnóstica e terapêutica. .

Muerte fetal: evento actual / Fetal death: current event

El objetivo fue estudiar la mortalidad fetal, conocer su frecuencia, determinar características maternas, condiciones obstetricas y factores relacionados. Es un estudio observacional, descriptivo de 347 muertes fetales sucedidas entre 2005-2009. Para el mismo lapso se registraron 17406 nacimientos en el Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología. Hospital "Dr. Adolfo Prince Lara". Puerto Cabello-Estado Carabobo. La mortalidad fetal para el período fue 19,94 por mil nacidos o 1 por cada 50 nacimientos. Hubo predominio de pacientes de 24 años y menos (40,35%), en antecedentes familiares destacó la hipertensión arterial (18,44%) y diabetes e hipertensión arterial crónica (9,8%), en los personales la hipertensión arterial (17,58%). El diagnóstico de ingreso fue feto muerto 47,26%, rotura prematura de membrana 14,7% y patología hipertensiva 14,12%. No realizaron control prenatal 48,7%; eran multigestas 43,24%, con edad de embarazo menor igual 36 semanas 70,03%, y resuelto en parto vaginal 77,52%. Predominaron los fetos masculinos (57,06%), con peso menor igual 2500 g (75,5%) y talla menor igual 49 cm (65,13%). El factor de muerte directo conocido prevaleciente en 178 casos fue la insuficiencia placentaria (36,52%), desencadenada principalmente por patología hipertensiva; seguida de patología hemorrágica placentaria (25,28%), liderizada por desprendimiento normoplacentario. La tasa de mortalidad fetal se encuentra elevada, por lo cual se recomienda una estrategia de atención precoz del embarazo, enfatizar control de las patologías relacionadas: hipertensivas, diabetes, prematurez y hemorragias placentarias. La vigilancia intra-parto debe ser rutinaria, en especial en estas patologías

The objetive wasto study fetal mortality, to know its impact, to determine the maternal characteristics, obstetric conditions and related factors. It is an observational descriptive study of 347 fetal death accurred between 2005-2009. For the same period there were 17406 birth in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital "Dr. Adolfo Prince Lara". Puerto Cabello, Estado Carabobo. Fetal mortality for the period was 1994 per thousand births or 1 per 50 births. Most of them were patients of 24 years or less (40.35%), with family history of hypertension (18.44%) and diabetes and cronic arterial hypertension (9.8%); and personal history of hypertension (17.58%). The admission diagnosis was stillbirth 47.26%, premature rupture of membranes 14.7%, and hypertension disease 14.12%. No prenatal care 48.7%, were multiparous 43.24%. with gestational age < igual 36 weeks 70.03%. and vaginal delivery 77.52%. A predominance of male fetuses (57.06%), weight < igual 36 weeks 70.03, and vaginal delivery 77.52%. A predominance of male fetuses (57.06%), weightv< igual 2.500 g (75.5%) and heidht < igual 49 cm (63.13%). The known factor of prevalent direct death in 178 cases was placental insufficiency (36.52%), mosthy triggered by hipertensive pathology, , followed by placental hemorrhage (25.28%), lead by placental abruption. The fetal mortality rate is high, so it is recommended a strategy of early attention of pregnancy, and stress control of related conditions: hypertensive disorders, diabetes, pematurity and placental bleeding, Intrapartum monitoring should be routine, especially in these conditions