Atenção primária à saúde bucal no Brasil: processo de trabalho das equipes de saúde bucal / Primary dental healthcare in Brazil: the work process of oral health teams

Resumo A garantia de atenção odontológica passa pelo desenvolvimento de práticas pautadas na vigilância em saúde, a fim de concretizar a integralidade. Objetivou-se avaliar a associação entre aspectos contextuais dos municípios brasileiros, características do processo de trabalho e a realização de um rol de procedimentos odontológicos curativos pelas equipes de saúde bucal (ESB). Trata-se de estudo exploratório transversal cuja coleta multicêntrica de dados se deu em 11.374 ESB avaliadas pelo Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica. Foi empregada regressão de Poisson multinível para obtenção da prevalência de realização de procedimentos odontológicos curativos, que foi de 69,51%. As variáveis contextuais e da equipe de saúde que se mantiveram associadas ao desfecho incluíram municípios cuja proporção de internações sensíveis à atenção básica foi menor que 28% e cuja proporção de exodontias foi menor que 8%; bem como ESB de modalidade II que tinham à disposição materiais, insumos e melhores processos de trabalho. Esta análise multinível, que considera o desempenho da atenção odontológica curativa no Brasil, aponta para um cenário de atenção odontológica preocupante.

Abstract Ensuring access to dental care services requires the development of healthsurveillance practices to ensure comprehensive health care. The objective of this study was toinvestigate the association between social and economic indicators of Brazilian municipalities, work process characteristics, and performance of a list of curative dental procedures by oral health teams. It involved an exploratory, cross-sectional study withmulticenter data collection from 11,374 oral health teams assessed by the National Program for Improvement of Access to and Quality of Primary Healthcare. Multilevel Poisson regression was used to obtain the prevalence of curative dental procedures, which was 69.51%. The social/economic and work variables that remained associated with the outcome included municipalities in which the proportion of primary care-sensitive admissions was below 28% and that of tooth extractions below 8%; and oral health teams classified as type II (including oral health assistant and technician) that had different materials available and better work processes. This multilevel analysis, which took into consideration the performance of curative dental care in Brazil, reveals a worrying oral healthcare scenario.

Cumprimento de metas dos Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas da Região Sul do Brasil / Achieving goals set in specialized dental centers of Southern Brazil / El cumplimento de las metas de tratamientos en las clínicas dentales especializadas en la Región Sur de Brasil

RESUMO Objetivo O objetivo do estudo foi verificar o cumprimento das metas ambulatoriais dos Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas (CEOs) localizados na Região Sul do Brasil e fatores associados aos processos de trabalho. Método O estudo foi do tipo exploratório transversal. Para a coleta de dados foram consultadas as bases de dados do DATA/SUS, CNES, SIOPS, IBGE e foi enviado um questionário semiestruturado aos gestores dos CEOs. Para verificar a associação de fatores com o cumprimento das metas dos CEOs foi utilizado o Teste de Kruskal Wallis. Resultados Foram analisados 936 meses de produção ambulatorial distribuídos em 78 CEOs, a taxa de respostas dos questionários foi de 68 % e verificou-se baixo cumprimento de metas e que as variáveis: estado do Paraná, os municípios com porte populacional de 0-50 mil/hab e o quarto quintil dos gastos totais em saúde e PIB per capita foram associados ao cumprimento de metas dos procedimentos de periodontia e o tipo de CEO apresentou associação com metas cumpridas de procedimentos básicos. Discussão As análises das variáveis que podem estar associadas à produção ambulatorial dos CEOs são fundamentais para verificar questões de acesso da população e aplicabilidade dos recursos públicos na área da saúde. Conclusões O estudo sinaliza para o baixo cumprimento de metas dos CEOs, entretanto aponta que podem haver fatores importantes associados a maior número de meses de metas cumpridas.(AU)

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the association of work factors with goals set in specialized dental centers (SDCs) of Southern Brazil. Methodology Cross-sectional exploratory study, in which the databases DATASUS, IBGE, SIOPS were used and complemented with an online questionnaire (FORMSUS). The questionnaire was answered by SDC managers. The Kruskal Wallis test was utilized to determine association of factors. Results Nine hundred and thirty six months, corresponding to 78 SDCs, were analyzed; the response rate of the questionnaires was 68%. It was found that the variables Paraná State, municipalities with population size of 0-50 thousand/inhabitants, and the fourth quartile of total health expenditure and Gross National Product per capita were factors associated with goals achievement of periodontal procedures. The type of SDCs showed association with goals achievement of basics procedures. Discussion Analyzes of the variables that may be associated with outpatient treatment in of SDCs are fundamental to verify issues regarding population access and applicability of public resources in the health area. Conclusion The study indicates low achievement goals by outpatient care delivery by specialized dental centers, which may indicate important factors associated with higher number months for achieving goals.(AU)

RESUMEN Objetivo El objetivo del estudio fue verificar: el cumplimento de las metas de tratamientos en las clínicas dentales especializadas (CDEs) en la Región Sur de Brasil y, los factores asociados a los procesos de trabajo. Método El estudio fue exploratorio transversal. Para la recolección de datos fueron consultadas las bases del datos provenientes de DATA/SUS, CNES, SIOSP, IBGE y fue enviado un cuestionario semiestructurado para los gestores de las CDEs. Para comprobar la asociación de los factores con el cumplimento de las metas de las CDEs se realizó el test de Kruskal Wallis. Resultados Fueron analizados 936 meses de tratamiento ambulatorio distribuidos en las 78 CDEs y la tasa de respuestas de los cuestionarios fue de 68%. Las variables: estado de Paraná, municipios con número de ciudadanos de 0-50 mil/hab, el cuarto quintil de los gastos totales en salud y PIB per cápita fueron asociados con el cumplimento de las metas de los procedimientos de periodoncia y, el tipo II de CDE presentó asociación con el cumplimento de las metas de los procedimientos básicos. Discusión El análisis de las variables que pueden estar asociadas al tratamiento ambulatorio en las CDEs es fundamental para comprobar tanto los problemas de acceso de los habitantes como la aplicabilidad de los recursos públicos en el área de la salud. Conclusiones El estudio indica un bajo cumplimento de las metas de tratamiento de las CDEs, entretanto apunta que pueden haber factores importantes asociados al mayor número de meses en las metas cumplidas.(AU)

User Satisfaction with the Public Oral Health Services in the Different Dimensions of Health Care

Objective: To verify user satisfaction with the public oral health services in its different dimensions of care and relate them to the socioeconomic and demographic conditions. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional survey, developed with users interviewed of the public oral health services under the Primary Health Care of a Brazilian city (n=461). The associations of satisfaction with the socioeconomic and demographic conditions were analyzed using the chi-square test. Questions concerning satisfaction with the service were grouped into five domains - 'physical structure', 'relation and communication', 'information and support', 'health care' and 'organization of services' - analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis Test. Results: Elderly individuals with low education and male, tended to be more satisfied with the services. The users reported being satisfied with the service, that were unhappy, referred to the time and the form to schedule a consultation, the time expected to be attended and the resolving capacity of oral health problems, as the causes. The overall satisfaction index was 0.8. The top rated domains were 'physical structure' (0.9) and 'relation and communication' (0.85). The 'service organization' domain received the worst evaluation (0.71) and when compared to the others domain presenting a significant difference. The 'physical structure' domain was significantly highlighted from the domains of 'oral health care' (0.78) and 'information and support' (0.78). The 'relation and communication' domain, also significantly excelled over the areas of 'oral health care'. Conclusion: The users rated the aspects of health care in a very positive way. The areas of highest user satisfaction were 'physical structure' and 'relation and communication'. However, the need for directing production processes in health became evident, especially regarding the organization of services, the domain with the worst rating.

Is the negative evaluation of dental services among the Brazilian elderly population associated with the type of service? / A avaliação negativa dos serviços odontológicos entre idosos brasileiros está associada ao tipo de serviço utilizado?

This study aimed at identifying the prevalence of the negative evaluation of dental services among elderly Brazilians and at investigating whether the prevalence was higher among those using public or philanthropic provider services than among those paying privately or using private health plans. Additionally, factors associated with this negative assessment were identified. Interview and survey data were collected in the residences of participants by trained and calibrated examiners as part of a national epidemiological survey of oral health conditions of the Brazilian population in 2002/2003. The dependent variable was obtained in response to questions regarding whether the participant had ever used dental services, the frequency of use, and the quality of this service. Potential responses to the questions regarding the quality of service were very poor or poor, fair, and good or very good. The main independent variable was the system of health care used with potential responses being health plan or private, public, and philanthropic services. We conducted univariate (linear tendency χ2test) and multiple descriptive analyses, and the partial proportional Odds model for ordinal logistic regression. Among the elderly, 196 (3.7%) evaluated the provided services negatively (very poor or poor). Participants with the following responses were more likely to evaluate the services negatively: those who had used public or philanthropic services, men, those with higher education, the ones who had not received information about preventing dental problems, those who perceived pain in their teeth and gums in the last six months, and those who self-reported their oral health and speech was poor. In conclusion, elderly Brazilian users of public and philanthropic services were more likely than users of private or insurance-based plans to evaluate their dental services negatively, regardless of the other investigated variables.

Objetivou-se avaliar a prevalência de avaliação negativa dos serviços odontológicos e constatar se ela foi maior entre usuários de serviços públicos ou filantrópicos do que entre idosos brasileiros usuários de serviços particulares ou de planos de saúde. Além disso, foram identificados os fatores associados a tal avaliação negativa. Foram utilizados dados do levantamento epidemiológico das condições de saúde bucal da população brasileira de 2002/2003, obtidos por meio de entrevistas e exames conduzidos nos domicílios por examinadores treinados e calibrados. A variável dependente foi obtida a partir das respostas sequenciais às perguntas: "Já foi ao dentista alguma vez na vida?; Há quanto tempo? e Como avalia o atendimento?", categorizadas em péssimo/ruim; regular e bom/ótimo. A principal variável independente foi o "Sistema de atenção à saúde utilizado (plano de saúde/particular; público/filantrópico)". Foram conduzidas análises descritivas, univariadas (prova de tendência linear do χ2) e múltiplas, utilizou-se a regressão logística ordinal de Odds proporcionais parciais. Dentre os idosos, 196 (3,7%) avaliaram negativamente (péssimo/ruim) os serviços odontológicos. A avaliação negativa foi superior entre aqueles que usaram serviços públicos/filantrópicos; homens; com maior escolaridade; que não receberam informações sobre como evitar problemas bucais; que autoperceberam dor nos dentes e gengivas nos últimos seis meses, a saúde bucal e a fala como ruim/péssima. Conclui-se que a avaliação negativa foi maior entre usuários de serviços públicos e filantrópicos independentemente das demais variáveis investigadas.

Avaliação da cobertura da atenção básica à saúde em Salvador, Bahia, Brasil (2000 a 2007) / Evaluation of primary care coverage in Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil (2000 to 2007)

Com o objetivo de testar abordagem metodológica para avaliação da cobertura dos serviços de atenção básica em Salvador, Bahia, Brasil (2000 a 2007), foi realizado um estudo de agregados espacial e temporal, tendo como unidades de análise o município e seus 12 Distritos Sanitários. Foram estimadas as coberturas real e potencial de diversos procedimentos realizados na atenção básica. Para a estimativa das coberturas, além do padrão ministerial, foi elaborado um segundo padrão com o objetivo de estabelecer uma aproximação com as necessidades de saúde da população. Os dados foram obtidos do Sistema de Informações Ambulatoriais do Sistema Único de Saúde (SIA-SUS). Foram encontradas baixas coberturas assistenciais no período analisado, a despeito da ampliação discreta verificada tanto na cobertura real de consultas médicas (7,8%), quanto na produção de ações básicas de enfermagem (66,7%). Já as consultas odontológicas apresentaram redução em 40%. Foram discutidas tanto as possibilidades de uso da metodologia para o monitoramento da cobertura, como as suas limitações tendo em vista as deficiências dos sistemas de informação.

In order to test a method for evaluating coverage of primary healthcare services in Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil (2000-2007), a study of spatial and temporal clusters was performed, with the city and its 12 health districts as the analytical units. The real and potential coverage rates were estimated for various primary care procedures. Estimation of coverage rates used both the Ministry of Health guideline and a second standard aimed at establishing an approximation to the population's health needs. The data were obtained from the Outpatient Information System of the Unified National Health System (SIA-SUS). Low coverage rates were observed, despite a slight increase in real coverage for medical consultations (7.8%) and basic nursing care (66.7%). Meanwhile, dental consultations showed a 40% reduction. The study discussed the possibilities for using the methodology to monitor coverage and its limitations given the deficiencies in the information systems.

Oral Health in Brazil - Part I: public oral health policies

This paper reviews the historical development of public health policies in Brazil and the insertion of oral health in this context. Since 1988, Brazil established a Unified National Health System ("Sistema Único de Saúde" - SUS), which was conceived to assure access to health actions and services, including oral health. However, a history of lack of access to health services and the health problems faced by the Brazilian population make the process of building and consolidating the SUS extremely challenging. Since 2004, the Oral Health National Policy has proposed a reorientation of the health care model, supported by an adaptation of the working system of Oral Health teams so that they include actions of health promotion, protection and recovery. Human resources should be prepared to act in this system. The qualifying process must take in consideration knowledge evolution, changes in the work process and changes in demographical and epidemiological aspects, according to a perspective of maintaining a balance between technique and social relevance.