Most small bowel cancers are revealed by a complication / A maioria dos cânceres de intestino delgado são revelados por uma complicação

ABSTRACT Objective To characterize the pattern of primary small bowel cancers in a tertiary East-European hospital. Methods A retrospective study of patients with small bowel cancers admitted to a tertiary emergency center, over the past 15 years. Results There were 57 patients with small bowel cancer, representing 0.039% of admissions and 0.059% of laparotomies. There were 37 (64.9%) men, mean age of 58 years; and 72 years for females. Out of 57 patients, 48 (84.2%) were admitted due to an emergency situation: obstruction in 21 (38.9%), perforation in 17 (31.5%), upper gastrointestinal bleeding in 8 (14.8%), and lower gastrointestinal bleeding in 2 (3.7%). There were 10 (17.5%) duodenal tumors, 21 (36.8%) jejunal tumors and 26 (45.6%) ileal tumors. The most frequent neoplasms were gastrointestinal stromal tumor in 24 patients (42.1%), adenocarcinoma in 19 (33.3%), lymphoma in 8 (14%), and carcinoids in 2 (3.5%). The prevalence of duodenal adenocarcinoma was 14.55 times greater than that of the small bowel, and the prevalence of duodenal stromal tumors was 1.818 time greater than that of the small bowel. Obstruction was the complication in adenocarcinoma in 57.9% of cases, and perforation was the major local complication (47.8%) in stromal tumors. Conclusion Primary small bowel cancers are usually diagnosed at advanced stages, and revealed by a local complication of the tumor. Their surgical management in emergency setting is associated to significant morbidity and mortality rates.

RESUMO Objetivo Caracterizar o padrão de neoplasias malignas primárias do intestino delgado em um hospital terciário de Leste Europeu. Métodos Estudo retrospectivo de pacientes com câncer de intestino delgado, internados em um hospital terciário e de emergência, ao longo dos últimos 15 anos. Resultados Foram avaliados 57 pacientes com neoplasias malignas gastrintestinais, o que representou 0,039% das admissões e 0,059% das laparotomias realizadas. Total de 37 (64,9%) pacientes masculinos, média de idade de 58 anos, e de 72 anos para mulheres. Dentre os 57 pacientes, 48 (84,2%) foram internados em situação de emergência: obstrução intestinal em 21 (38,9%), perfuração em 17 (31,5%), hemorragia digestiva alta em 8 (14,8%), e hemorragia digestiva baixa em 2 (3,7%). Houve 10 (17,5%) tumores duodenais, 21 (36,8%) jejunais e 26 (45,6%) ileais. As neoplasias mais frequentes foram tumor estromal gastrintestinal, em 24 (42,1%) pacientes, adenocarcinoma em 19 (33,3%), linfoma em 8 (14%) e carcinoides em 2 (3,5%). A prevalência de adenocarcinoma duodenal foi 14,55 vezes maior do que a do intestino delgado, e a prevalência de tumores estromais duodenais foi 1,818 vez maior do que a do intestino delgado. A obstrução intestinal foi complicação do adenocarcinoma em 57,9% dos casos, e a perfuração foi a principal complicação local (47,8%) dos tumores estromais. Conclusão As neoplasias malignas primárias do intestino delgado foram geralmente diagnosticadas em estado avançado e reveladas por uma complicação local do tumor. O tratamento cirúrgico em situação de emergência está associado à significativa morbimortalidade.

Tumores estromales gastrointestinales: evaluación clinicopatológica y sobrevida en el Hospital Rebagliati / Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: clinicopathologic and survival evaluation in Rebagliati Hospital

OBJETIVO: Determinar las manifestaciones clínicas, radiológicas, histopatológicas y sobrevida de los pacientes con Tumor Estromal Gastrointestinal (GIST) en el Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins (HNERM), de Lima, Perú. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: El presente es un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo. El cual se realizó a partir de las historias clínicas de 103 pacientes con GIST confirmado por inmunohistoquímica que fueron evaluados y tratados en el HNERM, desde Enero del 2002 hasta Diciembre de 2010. RESULTADOS: En los 103 pacientes el promedio de edad fue 64 años (entre 30 y 88 años). Predominó en mujeres (52%). El tiempo de enfermedad promedio fue 7 meses. La forma de presentación más frecuente fue sangrado digestivo (48.3%). El diagnóstico se hizo más por endoscopía (50.5%). La prevalencia por órganos fue más frecuente en estómago 56.3%. El promedio de tamaño fue 98mm, (49% entre 50mm y 100mm), el tumor de mayor tamaño alcanzaba 260 mm. El estadio tumoral más frecuente fue localizado (70.9%). Presentaron otro cáncer asociado el 9.7% de pacientes El patrón histológico predominante fue fusiforme 73.8%. El 84.5% tuvo bajo índice mitótico. La inmunohistoquímica mostró la expresión de KIT (CD 117) 94.17%, CD 34 77.5%, Vimentina 96.6%, NSE 84.9%, Alfa actina 52.7%, CD56 44.4%, S-100 32.3% y Actina 20.0%. La característica tomográfica más frecuente fue tumor heterogéneo (43.6%). La distribución según clasificación de riesgo fue: muy bajo riesgo 3.9%, bajo riesgo 28.2%, riesgo intermedio 37.7% y alto riesgo 30.1%. La resección quirúrgica completa se realizó en 87.4% de pacientes, 4.9% de pacientes recibió Imatinib. La sobrevida global acumulada a 5 años fue 31.07%. En el análisis bivariado se encontró asociación estadística entre el haber sobrevivido con: ausencia de cáncer asociado p= 0.004, CD 34 p=0.01, índice mitótico bajo p=0.00 y tratamiento quirúrgico recibido p= 0.000. En el análisis multivariado se encontró asociación estadística de mayor sobrevida con: los de menor tamaño del tumor p=0.015 (IC -3.67, -0.41), estadio tumoral localizado p=0.036 (IC -5.83, -0.19), menor índice mitótico p=0.038 (IC -0.86, 0.02), paciente asintomático p=0.009 (IC 1.25, 8.62), no recidiva del tumor p=0.01 (IC -8.49, -1.17) y el no presentar metástasis p=0.001 (IC 2.66, 10.62). CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados de nuestro estudio fueron similares a lo que reporta la literatura internacional. Los factores que se asociaron a mayor sobrevida fueron: haber recibido tratamiento quirúrgico, pacientes con menor tamaño tumoral, estadio tumoral localizado, índice mitótico bajo, paciente asintomático, no recidiva del tumor, no metástasis y no cáncer asociado.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical, radiological, histopathological manifestations and survival of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)in the National Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins (HNERM) from Lima, Perú. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a descriptive and retrospective study, which was based on the medical records of 103 patients with confirmed GIST with immunohistochemical. All the patients were evaluated and treated at the HNERM, from January 2002 until December 2010. RESULTS: In 103 patients between 30 and 88 years the average age was 64 years. The tumor was more frequent in females (52%). The mean disease duration was 7 months. The most frequent form of presentation was gastrointestinal bleeding (48.3%). The diagnosis was made more by endoscopy (50.5%). The prevalence of GISTs by organs was more frequent in stomach (56.3%). The average size of the tumors was 98mm, 49% had a size between 50mm and 100mm, the largest tumor was 260 mm. Tumor stage more frequent was localized (70:9%). GIST associated with another cancer was 9.7% of patients. The predominant histologic pattern was fusiform (73.8%). The 84.5% had low mitotic index. Immunohistochemistry showed expression KIT (CD 117) was 94.17%, CD34 77.5%, Vimentin 96.6%, NSE 84.9%, alpha actin 52.7%, CD56 44.4%, S-100 32.3% and Actin 20%. The tomographic characteristic more frequent was heterogeneous tumor (43.6%).The distribution according to risk classification was: very low risk 3.9%, low risk 28.2, intermediate risk 37.7% and high risk 30.1%. Complete surgical resection was performed in 87.4% of patients and 4.9% of patients received imatinib. The cumulative overall survival at 5 years was 31.07%. In bivariate analysis statistical association was found between surviving with: no presence of cancer associated p = 0.004, CD 34 p = 0.01, low mitotic index p = 0.00 and received surgical treatment p = 0.000. In multivariate analysis one found statistical association of longer survival with smaller tumor size p = 0.015 (CI -3.67, -0.41), localized tumor stage p = 0.036 (CI -5.83, -0.19), lower mitotic index p = 0.038 (CI -0.86, 0.02), asymptomatic patient p=0.009 (CI 1.25, 8.62), no tumor recurrence p = 0.01 (CI -8.49, -1.17), and no metastasis p = 0.001 (CI 2.66, 10.62). CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study were similar to what was reported in international literature. Factors that were associated with longer survival were receiving surgical treatment, patients with smaller tumor size, tumor stage localized, low mitotic index, asymptomatic patient, not tumor recurrence, not metastasis and no cancer associated.