Impact of the compulsory school vaccination against hepatitis B in adolescents: exploratory-descriptive study / Impacto da obrigatoriedade escolar de vacinacao contra hepatite B em adolescentes: estudo exploratorio-descritivo

ABSTRACT

Introduction: In adolescence, the risk of sexually transmissible diseases has increased, becoming necessary the implementation of prevention measures. Objective: to investigate the impact of the law of compulsory immunization on the immunization coverage against Hepatitis B in adolescents in the municipal district of Maringa-Pr. Method: This is a descriptive-exploratory study, of retrospective character, regarding the number of doses of the vaccine against Hepatitis B administered in the group of 10-19 years of age, from 2001 to 2008. Data was obtained from the records of the bank ?Evaluation of the Immunization Program (EIP) ? municipal module? and analyzed by the statistical tests: Analysis of Variance and Tukey. Results: Statistical difference was observed in the immunization coverage against Hepatitis B before and after the compulsory nature of the immunization certificate, and also among the months with greater interest for the vaccine in the period from October to February, which is school registration time. In the 15-19 year old group, an increase on the immunization coverage was observed from 2004 to 2006, with expressive drop in 2007 and 2008 when the two larger high education institutions ceased to ask for updated immunization records in the registration. Implications on Nursing: The results show the importance of health education for the adolescents and, in the mentioned scenario, the need for discussion of the results found together with the directors of high education institutions, in order to make them aware of the importance of including the immunization records among the documents demanded in the registration.

RESUMO

Introducao: Na adolescencia aumenta o risco de contrair doencas sexualmente transmissiveis, tornando necessaria a implementacao de medidas de prevencao. Objetivo: Investigar o impacto da lei de obrigatoriedade vacinal sobre a cobertura vacinal contra hepatite B em adolescentes no municipio de Maringa - PR. Metodo: Estudo exploratorio-descritivo, de carater retrospectivo, e refere-se ao numero de doses da vacina contra hepatite B administrada na faixa etaria de 10 a 19 anos no periodo de 2001 a 2008. Os dados foram obtidos a partir dos registros no banco ?Avaliacao do Programa de Imunizacao (API) - modulo municipal? e analisados pelos testes estatisticos Analise de Variancia e Tukey. Resultados: Foi observada diferenca estatistica na cobertura vacinal contra hepatite B antes e apos a obrigatoriedade do atestado vacinal e tambem entre os meses, com maior procura pela vacina no periodo de outubro a fevereiro, epoca de matricula nas instituicoes de ensino. Na faixa etaria de 15 a 19 anos foram observados aumento crescente da cobertura vacinal no periodo de 2004 a 2006 e, ao contrario, queda expressiva nos anos de 2007 e 2008, quando as duas maiores instituicoes de ensino superior da cidade deixaram de exigir o atestado de atualizacao vacinal na matricula. Implicacoes para a enfermagem: Os resultados mostram a importancia da educacao dos adolescentes em saude e, no cenario em questao, a necessidade de a Enfermagem expor os resultados encontrados aos gestores das instituicoes de ensino superior, de modo a sensibiliza-los sobre a importancia de incluir o atestado vacinal entre os documentos exigidos na matricula.