Algunas causales relacionadas con caídas en el hogar del adulto mayor / Some causes related to falls in the home of the elderly

RESUMEN

Introducción: dentro de los grandes síndromes invalidantes en el adulto mayor se encuentran las caídas, las cuales son causa de atención y de estudio por el aumento de casos reportados. Objetivo: identificar algunas causales responsables en las caídas en el adulto mayor en el hogar. Métodos: se realizaron encuestas con el consentimiento informado, la población estuvo conformada por 1 903 adultos mayores de ambos sexos asistidos en consulta de fisiatría, y cuya muestra intencional lo conformaron 632 pacientes caídos en el hogar, constituyendo el 33,2 %. Resultados: hubo un predominio de caídas en el sexo femenino, por otra parte las fracturas de cadera fue la secuela que más predominó y sobre todo en el sexo femenino. Dentro de los factores extrínsecos, las caídas en baños peligrosos fueron las causantes más frecuentes y más del 50 % en los pacientes que no practican ninguna actividad física. Conclusiones: el trabajo realizado permitió identificar causales, constatar la atención del Sistema de Salud del área y desarrollar acciones para una mejor calidad de vida en el adulto mayor.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: low underweight when being born is the most important index to determine the possibilities of the newly born one to survive and to have a growth and normal development, one of the main current obstetric problems constitutes because it is related with more than 75 % of the perinatal morbimortality Objective: determiner the incidence and the main factors of risk associated to the first floor weight in San Antonio of the Bathrooms Method: he/she was carried out a retrospective descriptive observational study in the newly born ones with underweight when being born of the municipality of San Antonio of the Bathrooms, county Artemisia Cuba, the period of January to December of the 2013.El universe was constituted by 564 newly born alive and the sample for 29 with underweight when being born, it was identified prenatal factors that could constitute possible causes of the first floor weight. Results: the incidence of the first floor weight when being born in the year 2013 in San Antonio of the Bathrooms was of 5,9.El 58,62 % of the low pesos 37 of gestation they were born before the week. The most represented maternal age went from 20 to 34 years with 62, 06 %. The vaginal sepsis was present in 51, 80 % of the mothers with newly born under weight. Conclusions: the prematurity was the most frequent cause of newly born under weight when being born, the extreme ages of the reproductive life didn't constitute cause of underweight when being born, the vaginal sepsis and the arterial hypertension are outstanding factors of risk in the mothers with children under weight.