Levels and predictors of empathy, self-awareness, and perceived stress among nursing students: a cross sectional study.

BACKGROUND: High levels of empathy and self-awareness and low level of stress among nursing students are the core elements of improving patients' care and outcomes. The purpose of this study is to assess the levels, relationships, and predictors of empathy, self-awareness, and perceived stress in a sample of undergraduate Jordanian nursing students. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed to collect data from 330 students using a web-based survey. RESULTS: The total mean scores of empathy, self-awareness, and perceived stress were 75.75, 40.17, and 55.65, respectively. Students who are studying in public universities, with higher GPA, who have no intention to leave nursing, and who are satisfied with nursing; reported higher level of empathy. Students with lower income level, who have no intention to leave nursing, and who are satisfied with nursing; reported higher level of self-awareness. Female students, those who sleeping 6 h and less, did not get a balanced diet or perform exercise, studying in public universities, lower GPA, have intention to leave nursing, and did not satisfy with nursing; reported higher level of perceived stress. CONCLUSIONS: Nursing students reported adequate empathy level, low self-awareness level, and moderate perceived stress level. Students who are satisfied and have no intention to leave nursing reported higher level of empathy, self-awareness, and perceived stress. It is necessary to conduct interventional programs that enhance students' well-being especially empathy and self-awareness, and reduce the level of their stress.

Respiratory Infectious Diseases and Adherence to Nonpharmacological Interventions for Overcoming COVID-19 Pandemic: A Self-Reported Study.

Background: The aim of the study was to examine changes in the frequency of respiratory diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic and to correlate the changes with nonpharmacological interventions for overcoming the pandemic. In addition, the study explored the predictors of adherence to nonpharmacological interventions among the Jordanian public. Method: The study is survey-based and self-reported, using convenient sampling. The study was conducted during October-November of 2021. Results: The study included 1714 participants. About one-quarter of participants reported decreases in the incidence of cold (21.9%), influenza (24.7%), respiratory infections other than cold and influenza (23.3%), tonsillitis (23.0%), and oral ulcers (23.5%). On the other hand, the majority reported no change in the incidence of the above infections (62.0-64.4%). Adherence of the sample to nonpharmacological interventions of COVID-19 was moderate. The percentages of people who always wear a mask, follow social distancing, and use sanitizing procedures were 47.1%, 37.8%, and 68.8% respectively. ANOVA test showed a significant correlation between the incidence of respiratory/oral infections and adherence to nonpharmacological interventions. The multiple regression test showed that people who followed COVID-19 news, have children, have a job, and being married were more adhered to nonpharmacological measures compared to others. Conclusion: Implementation of nonpharmacological interventions used to overcome the COVID-19 pandemic can be applied to reduce other respiratory infections during their peak seasons.

Attitude of pregnant and lactating women toward COVID-19 vaccination in Jordan: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to survey pregnant and lactating toward COVID-19 vaccination in Jordan and determine the predictors of this attitude. METHODS: This study used a 10 min anonymous, online, cross-sectional survey to collect data. The survey was carried out between September and October 2021. Eligible study participants included all pregnant and lactating women in Jordan. The participants were recruited through social media, midwives, and gynecologists. Survey was used to collect data from the participants. RESULTS: The mean attitude of pregnant and lactating women toward COVID vaccination was moderate 71 (SD=100.5). Many factors were predicted the attitude of pregnant and lactating women toward COVID-19 vaccination. The factors were source of data regarding COVID-19 (B=-0.140, p=0.009), level of income (B=-0.141, p=0.009), and social status (B=0.130, p=0.034). These results mean lower income, people who frequently hearing news from news channel or ministry of health and married are showed more positive attitude toward COVID-19 vaccination for children. CONCLUSIONS: This is a large national study regarding attitude of pregnant and lactating women toward COVID-19 vaccination in Jordan. This study found that more than 50% for the parents were hesitant to allow their children to receive COVID-19 vaccination. There were no differences between pregnant and lactating women toward COVID-19 vaccination.

Nursing Students' Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Before and After Attending a Mental Health Course.

ABSTRACT: This study aims to compare the attitudes of nursing students in Jordan toward seeking professional psychological help, before and after taking part in a mental health course. A pretest-posttest design was used to assess the attitudes of 205 nursing students attending a state-run university in Zarqa City, Jordan. A significant difference was found in Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help subscales before and after the course, implying that it would be useful for policy makers to provide periodic comprehensive mental health education and courses for practicing health care providers.

Acceptance of Remote Education During COVID-19 Outbreak in Undergraduate Nursing Students.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to examine the acceptance and predictors of remote education through Internet-based learning among undergraduate nursing students in Jordan. An online survey was used with a sample of 344 students to assess satisfaction with remote education. Responses indicated that undergraduate nursing students were unsatisfied with remote education for several reasons. Many students (n = 188, 55 percent) strongly agreed that problems and obstacles were encountered when they studied subjects electronically. The acceptance of remote education was predicted by educational level (p = .01), device used (p = .001), and Internet reliability p = .001).

Stigma toward healthcare providers from patients during COVID-19 era in Jordan.

AIM: This study aimed to explore healthcare providers' (HCP) stigmatization from patients during the COVID-19 outbreak in Jordan. METHOD: A cross-sectional design was used. Data collection was conducted between May and July 2021. The research questionnaire included demographic information about participants and multiple statements that reflect stigma of participants toward HCPs. Regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between stigma and explanatory variables. RESULTS: A total of 777 surveys were included in the study. Many people show high stigma toward HCPs during COVID-19 pandemic. Various factors including hearing news all time (p<.001), having children (p<.024), and smoking (p<.001) were significant in prediction stigma toward HCPs. CONCLUSION: This one of few studies conducted in Jordan regarding the stigma toward HCP from other people with chronic diseases. Our study found that many people showed some stigma toward HCP during COVID-19. Stigmatization of HCP related to a pandemic is a lesson most people have not learned. It is not enough to cheer HCPs. A clear, sensible public education campaign about the public's risks by interacting with HCP is necessary.

Impact of educational programs on nurses' knowledge and attitude toward pediatric palliative care.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the knowledge and attitude of nurses toward pediatric palliative care (PPC) and examine the impact of an educational program on pediatric nurses' knowledge and attitude regarding PPC for children facing life-threatening illnesses or chronic diseases in Jordan. METHOD: A quasi-experimental design was used. Exactly 120 pediatric nurses participated in the study, of which 60 were in the intervention group and 60 in the control group. RESULTS: The results of the study showed that nurses had a low score in knowledge and attitude toward PPC. The mean knowledge score of PPC for the control group is 6.88 (SD = 2.26), while that of the intervention group was 7.92 (SD = 1.99; p = 0.052). The mean attitude for PPC score for the control group was 95.88 (SD = 7.90), while that of the intervention group was 100 (SD = 10.95; p = 0.009). Also, the educational intervention had a significant positive effect on the knowledge and attitude toward PPC among nurses. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESULTS: Based on the result of this study, the authors found strong evidence of the effectiveness of the PPC educational program when it came to improving the nurses' knowledge and attitude toward PPC services and offer us an effective educational program.

Perceived maternal parenting self-efficacy as a predictor maternal responsiveness in infants and toddlers.

BACKGROUND: Maternal responsiveness seems to be necessary for a child to develop a safe attachment. However, even after many years of research on maternal responsiveness, only a few attempts have been made to find ways of promoting mother and child interaction. This study aimed at determining the association between maternal responsiveness and parenting self-efficacy variables and at identifying the factors that correlated with maternal responsiveness. METHOD: A cross-sectional correlation study design was adopted and a convenience sampling method was used to recruit 213 mothers in Irbid city, Jordan from August to November 2019. The sample population filled in a sociodemographic and perinatal datasheet, the Perceived Maternal Parenting Self-Efficacy (PMP S-E) Scale and the Maternal Infant Responsiveness Instrument (MIRI). RESULTS: The results revealed a significant relationship between maternal responsiveness and PMP S-E. Other factors; besides, self-efficacy were also found to have some correlation on maternal responsiveness (B = 1.913, P = .049). Only previous experience of caring for children (B = 9.56, P = .05). CONCLUSION: This study found that the sociodemographic factors considered in this study had an insignificant correlation on perceived self-reported maternal responsiveness. On the other hand, it did find that PMP S-E had a significant correlation on maternal responsiveness. Healthcare professionals need to recognise these variables in their endeavours to meet the needs of mothers and their newborns.

Parents' knowledge and attitude towards COVID-19 in children: A Jordanian Study.

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a rapid global spread. All individuals of all age groups are at risk of COVID-19. This study aims to describe the knowledge and attitude of Jordanian parents regarding COVID-19 in children, including clinical signs of the disease, modes of transmission and protection measures. METHOD: A cross-section study amongst Jordanian parents was conducted. The size of the sample was 810. Information regarding the clinical signs of the disease, modes of transmission, protection measures against COVID-19 and satisfaction with governmental measures was collected. RESULTS: The findings indicate that the parents had a good understanding of the clinical signs, mode of transmission and protection measures and were satisfied with governmental measures. According to the parents' responses, the resource they used the most about COVID-19 was social media (78%), followed by news channels. Many correctly stated that fever was a clinical sign, followed by cough (77%). Almost 90% of the parents have an appropriate attitude towards companioning children within crowds. Generally, people are more susceptible to the virus within crowds. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, we believe that the findings reported here are important for understanding the clinical characteristics and vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in children, from the perspective of parents. The knowledge of parents about COVID-19 in children was considered good in the case of most parents. This knowledge helps with creating educational programs to increase awareness for areas that have weaknesses.

Violence against Jordanian Women during COVID-19 Outbreak.

BACKGROUND: Extraordinary steps have been taken to alleviate the current quick transmission of the Jordanian COVID-19 pandemic. The obligatory lock-down affects their obedience to measures to fight COVID-19. AIMS: This research aims to determine the prevalence rate of violence amongst women in Jordan and identify possible correlates of violence amongst women during the COVID-19 outbreak. METHOD: There was successful recruitment of an online sample of Jordanian people through the network of the researcher with popular Jordanian media. The participants completed a self-created online violence questionnaire. The violence questionnaire had numerous questions about the clinical attributes and COVID-19 prevention. RESULTS: The incidence of violence was high during the outbreak of 40% and the predictors were found to be unemployed and married. CONCLUSION: Violence continues to be a significant social problem in our society today, yet, continues to be poorly understood. The underlying causes and theories of violence are often not agreed upon by experts in the field. Providing education programmes and essential resources for women that aim to promote the prevention of COVID-19 violence and help Jordanian people to be confident and observe the right behaviour.

The perception of nurses towards their roles during the COVID-19 pandemic.

PURPOSE: The study aims to evaluate the available content on local Jordanian Facebook nursing groups regarding perception of their roles during coronavirus pandemic. METHOD: Researchers used the Facebook search engine to select local Facebook groups. RESULTS: Nurses were perceived to perform a constructive role when acting as the first-line health provider, having a public awareness role and providing care for patients. Advocating and supporting the sick and their families, ignoring and underestimating their role, nurses have a positive perception of their roles during the coronavirus pandemic. Besides being responsible for their daily activities during the epidemic, they had additional roles of ensuring the safety and contentment of their patients. CONCLUSION: In general, nurses in Jordan perceived their roles during the COVID-19 outbreak to be constructive. They performed the task of supporting and advocating for the sick and their families. Despite these efforts during the outbreak. IMPLICATION FOR NURSING: Nurses in general, nursing leaders and managers are in the forefront of responding to the unique needs of their workforces during the COVID-19 crisis. There must be an explicit adoption of strategy in all clinical environments and other clinical institutions to enhance the nurse image among themselves and community members.

Fear of COVID-19 and stigmatization towards infected people among Jordanian people.

AIM: This study aims to explore the prevalence rates of stigma and fear among people in Jordan during COVID-19 pandemic and to assess socio-demographic and personal factors contributing to the prevalence rates of fear and stigma among people in Jordan during COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD: Cross-sectional descriptive design was utilized to attain the study aim. An anonymous online survey targeting people of Jordan was used and distributed to adults in Arabic language. The survey included a previously validated fear scale. Stigma was measured using developed instrument by authors. RESULTS: The prevalence of fear among study participants was 52%. In addition, the prevalence of stigma towards infected people and their contact was 64%. The predictors of stigma towards infected people with COVID-19 and their contact were income, living area and downloaded application to trace COVID-19 cases. Moreover the predictors of fear were income living area and downloaded application to trace COVID-19 cases (P ≤ .001). CONCLUSION: More than 50% of the respondents were afraid from COVID-19 and 64% had stigma towards infected people and their contact during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study highlights the need for an intervention that provides psychological support to citizens during the pandemic.

Attitudes of midwives and obstetricians towards midwives practiced roles in hospitals: A national study in Jordan.

AIMS: The aims of this study were to identify midwives' and obstetricians' attitudes towards midwives practised roles in hospitals and to identify the differences in their attitudes towards midwives practiced roles. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive, cross-sectional, study design was used. A convenience sample of 303 midwives and 143 obstetricians were recruited. Participants were from 12 Ministry of Health (MOH) and Royal Medical Services (RMS) hospitals distributed across seven governorates. Two reliable and valid self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data including socio-demographic data-related characteristics of participants and obstetricians' and midwives' attitudes towards midwives' practiced role in hospitals. RESULTS: There were significant differences between obstetricians in the three subscales of attitudes: midwives women relationship attitude subscale, midwives trust and mutual respect subscale and work environment attitudes subscale. A significant difference by the institution was reported: obstetricians and midwives who worked in MOH reported more positive attitudes than those who worked in RMS. CONCLUSION: The results show that obstetricians recognise that midwives are qualified and competent professionals but still lack the competencies/skills to make them independent practitioners. The findings also confirm the need to improve midwives' practices by moving from being able to perform a specific task to possess all three attributes of "competencies," where they can intervene, manage and make decisions with confidence in each situation. IMPLICATION FOR PRACTICE: Based on the current study findings, parallel cooperation between educational/academic policymakers from both midwives and obstetricians may re-evaluate and upgrade the midwifery curriculum to meet the ICM competencies and health sector needs as a step to graduate competent midwives where their responsibility is recognised and organised.

The do not resuscitate order (DNR) from the perspective of oncology nurses: A study in Saudi Arabia.

PURPOSE: Issues related to life and death are largely influenced by the culture and religious beliefs of a society. This research aimed to survey a sample of oncology nurses in Saudi Arabia about their attitude towards the do not resuscitate order (DNR). METHOD: A cross-sectional design was employed. A survey was sent to 190 nurses in the Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) in King Fahad Medical City (KFMC). A total of 157 nurses with a diploma or higher degree agreed to participate in the study. RESULTS: Many nurses showed a neutral attitude regarding DNR to cancer patients and/or their families 2.4 ± 0.4. Moreover, the results of the multiple logistic regression tests revealed that all the listed factors are not associated with the attitude towards DNR orders (P > .05). CONCLUSION: It is generally believed that nurses the faith and background of nurses from Muslim countries has a profound influence on their attitude towards DNR. However, this was not the picture that was revealed by the results of this study. In this study, all the nurses made it clear that they wanted to know about the autonomy of patients in respect of DNR orders. IMPLICATION TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: It is necessary to develop programmes that address the DNR order and respect patient autonomy and rights. Moreover, hospital policies that address the issues of DNR order are required for all end-of-life care.

Pharmacists' experience, competence and perception of telepharmacy technology in response to COVID-19.

BACKGROUND: In the telepharmacy model, the pharmacist can play a pivotal role in delivering pharmaceutical services for patients. However, evidence of pharmacists' impact on improving patient outcomes through disease outbreak through telepharmacy is sparse. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to examine pharmacists' attitudes towards clinical benefits and identify challenges regarding the use of telepharmacy during the COVID-19 pandemic in Jordan. METHOD: A cross-sectional survey design was used to recruit eligible participants from both hospital and community pharmacies. RESULTS: A total of 364 pharmacists agreed to participate in the study. The majority of the participants (70.6%) expressed favourable attitudes towards telepharmacy to accurately capture and report signs and symptoms of COVID-19. Almost 91% agreed that patients can receive immediate medical feedback while using telepharmacy services. Pharmacists (87%) emphasised their role in the monitoring of physiological parameters when entered by patients using telepharmacy technology. However, more than half of the participants reported that lack of reimbursement and evidence-based studies might hinder the use of telemedicine technology to deliver remote clinical services. CONCLUSION: The need for implementing telepharmacy technology has been further boosted because of its noticeable benefits in promoting convenient healthcare services remotely in emergency situations.

Caesarean section delivery from maternal perspective: An exploratory study in Jordan.

AIMS OF THE STUDY: This study aims to determine females' views, experiences and attitudes regarding the caesarean section (CS) and to explore the factors that increase the prevalence of CS in Jordan. DESIGN: This is a cross-sectional study using a questionnaire that was distributed electronically through social media websites. Study participants included 1005 females with a history of at least one CS. Awareness, experiences about CS, complications and reasons for performing CS were investigated. SETTINGS: The participants were recruited from all Jordan cities by social media and emails. FINDINGS: Most of the respondents stated that the source of their knowledge about CS was from the internet (36.2%) followed by family and friends (31.6%). The majority of respondents were satisfied with their CS experience (72.8%). More than half of the participants (56.9%) reported that CS carries no risk for infants. About 53% of respondents stated that the most common reason leading women to choose to give birth via CS is the fear of labour pain. However, the majority of the respondents disagree with performing CS under maternal request (59.2%). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: This study indicated that Jordanian females do not have reliable sources of information about CS. This leads to lower awareness of CS and its complications, and, as expected, CS is more likely to be performed by privately insured women.

Pediatric palliative care from nursing and PharmD perspectives.

BACKGROUND: This research aimed to survey a sample of nursing students and Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) students in Jordan about their knowledge of pediatric palliative care (PPC) in the context of treating terminally ill children. METHOD: A descriptive, cross-sectional, correlational design was used to fulfill the goal of this research. A convenience sample of nursing and PharmD students currently studying in Jordan University of Science and Technology in Jordan was recruited to complete a survey that contained 20 statements about issues on and around the subject of PPC. RESULTS: The results showed that there was a significant difference in PPC between nurses and PharmD students. The mother's education (t = 2.158, P = 0.032) and being a nursing or PharmD student (t = 1.969, P = 0.050) were associated with knowledge about PPC. Other listed factors such as gender, working ward, and age were not associated with knowledge of PPC. CONCLUSION: This was the first study in Jordan to survey a sample of nursing students and PharmD students in Jordan about their knowledge of PPC. The current study found that knowledge of nursing and PharmD students regarding PPC was satisfactory, depending on the scale used.

Effect of the Helping Babies Breathe Training Program: An Experimental Study on Jordanian Midwives' Knowledge and Skills.

The Helping Babies Breathe (HBB) training program trains providers in effective resuscitation of infants in developing countries. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the HBB training program on midwives' knowledge and skills in Northern Jordan. Using a nonequivalent control group design, 50 midwives (control, n = 25; experimental, n = 25) from 3 public hospitals in Northern Jordan were recruited and their knowledge and skills were evaluated before and after the training. The program has 3 aspects: 2 hours of teaching, 1 hour of testing, and 25 minutes of skills assessment per participant. The skills were tested individually for each participant, and they were reevaluated at 8 months after. The control and experimental groups significantly differed in posttest scores on knowledge, Objective Structured Clinical Examination A and B skills, and bag-mask application after adjusting for covariates. The HBB training program significantly enhanced knowledge of midwives in the experimental group (P < .05) and demonstrated skills. The HBB training program was helpful in improving midwives' knowledge and practices on immediate care of a newborn baby. Therefore, training midwives using the HBB training program can improve their knowledge and skills and thereby improve infant outcomes in Jordan.

Prevalence and Correlates of Depression, Anxiety, and Suicidality Among High School Students: A National Study.

The current study aimed to estimate the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and suicidality and their correlated factors among high school students in Jordan. A descriptive cross-sectional correlational research design was used. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires completed by students attending high schools in Jordan. Data show that anxiety and depression are prevalent among adolescents and are associated with higher risk of suicide and disease prevalence. Twenty-seven percent of the variance in suicidality is explained by anxiety and depression. This finding indicates that the most significant predictor of suicidality is anxiety and depression among high school students. Results show that mental health issues are a genuine general health issue among high school students. Health care professionals should routinely screen for mental health problems among young people. Mental health and well-being advancement programs should be coordinated and directed by all parties involved in youth mental health. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 59(8), 43-51.].

Predictors of Depression and Anxiety Among Senior High School Students During COVID-19 Pandemic: The Context of Home Quarantine and Online Education.

This study aimed to examine the prevalence and predictors of depression and anxiety among senior high school students in Jordan during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study used an anonymous online survey that targeted senior high school students in Jordan. Almost two thirds of students reported depressive symptoms and anxiety. Father's level of education, mothers' level of education, perceived difficulties in online education, gender, and age were significant predictors of depression, while father's level of education, difficulties in online education, gender, and age were significant predictors of anxiety (p < .05). Among those identified as having depression, 30.7% were male and 50.7% were female. The prevalence of anxiety among students was high, and the prevalence of anxiety in females (46.9%) is greater than males (27.6%). School health nurses and mental health counselors at schools need to emphasize the mental health and psychosocial support needs for senior high school students.