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1.
Nat Immunol ; 25(8): 1411-1421, 2024 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38997431

RESUMO

A subset of individuals exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) that we refer to as 'resisters' (RSTR) show evidence of IFN-γ- T cell responses to Mtb-specific antigens despite serially negative results on clinical testing. Here we found that Mtb-specific T cells in RSTR were clonally expanded, confirming the priming of adaptive immune responses following Mtb exposure. RSTR CD4+ T cells showed enrichment of TH17 and regulatory T cell-like functional programs compared to Mtb-specific T cells from individuals with latent Mtb infection. Using public datasets, we showed that these TH17 cell-like functional programs were associated with lack of progression to active tuberculosis among South African adolescents with latent Mtb infection and with bacterial control in nonhuman primates. Our findings suggested that RSTR may successfully control Mtb following exposure and immune priming and established a set of T cell biomarkers to facilitate further study of this clinical phenotype.


Assuntos
Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Tuberculose , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/imunologia , Humanos , Animais , Adolescente , Tuberculose/imunologia , Tuberculose/microbiologia , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Células Th17/imunologia , Feminino , Macaca mulatta , Masculino , Fenótipo , Interferon gama/metabolismo , Interferon gama/imunologia , Antígenos de Bactérias/imunologia , Tuberculose Latente/imunologia , Tuberculose Latente/microbiologia , África do Sul , Adulto Jovem , Linfócitos T Reguladores/imunologia , Adulto
3.
Cell ; 165(3): 551-65, 2016 Apr 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27040498

RESUMO

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by loss of tolerance to nucleic acids and highly diverse clinical manifestations. To assess its molecular heterogeneity, we longitudinally profiled the blood transcriptome of 158 pediatric patients. Using mixed models accounting for repeated measurements, demographics, treatment, disease activity (DA), and nephritis class, we confirmed a prevalent IFN signature and identified a plasmablast signature as the most robust biomarker of DA. We detected gradual enrichment of neutrophil transcripts during progression to active nephritis and distinct signatures in response to treatment in different nephritis subclasses. Importantly, personalized immunomonitoring uncovered individual correlates of disease activity that enabled patient stratification into seven groups, supported by patient genotypes. Our study uncovers the molecular heterogeneity of SLE and provides an explanation for the failure of clinical trials. This approach may improve trial design and implementation of tailored therapies in genetically and clinically complex autoimmune diseases. PAPERCLIP.


Assuntos
Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/genética , Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/imunologia , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/patologia , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/terapia , Nefrite Lúpica/genética , Nefrite Lúpica/imunologia , Neutrófilos/imunologia , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Medicina de Precisão , Transcriptoma
5.
Glia ; 64(12): 2166-2180, 2016 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27568827

RESUMO

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory, demyelinating degenerative disease of the central nervous system. Current treatments target pathological immune responses to counteract the inflammatory processes. However, these drugs do not restrain the long-term progression of clinical disability. For this reason, new therapeutic approaches and identification of novel target molecules are needed to prevent demyelination or promote repair mechanisms. Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is a nonselective cation channel with relatively high Ca2+ permeability. Its pathophysiological role in central nervous system disorders has not been elucidated yet. In the present study, we aimed to assess the distribution of TRPA1 in the mouse brain and reveal its regulatory role in the cuprizone-induced demyelination. This toxin-induced model, characterized by oligodendrocyte apoptosis and subsequent primary demyelination, allows us to investigate the nonimmune aspects of multiple sclerosis. We found that TRPA1 is expressed on astrocytes in the mouse central nervous system. Interestingly, TRPA1 deficiency significantly attenuated cuprizone-induced demyelination by reducing the apoptosis of mature oligodendrocytes. Our data suggest that TRPA1 regulates mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, as well as transcription factor c-Jun and a proapoptotic Bcl-2 family member (Bak) expression resulting in enhanced oligodendrocyte apoptosis. In conclusion, we propose that TRPA1 receptors enhancing the intracellular Ca2+ concentration modulate astrocyte functions, and influence the pro or anti-apoptotic pathways in oligodendrocytes. Inhibition of TRPA1 receptors might successfully diminish the degenerative pathology in multiple sclerosis and could be a promising therapeutic target to limit central nervous system damage in demyelinating diseases. GLIA 2016;64:2166-2180.


Assuntos
Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo , Cuprizona/toxicidade , Doenças Desmielinizantes/induzido quimicamente , Doenças Desmielinizantes/patologia , Inibidores da Monoaminoxidase/toxicidade , Oligodendroglia/efeitos dos fármacos , Canal de Cátion TRPA1/deficiência , Polipose Adenomatosa do Colo/metabolismo , Animais , Apoptose/genética , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/patologia , Doenças Desmielinizantes/genética , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Fator 2 de Crescimento de Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/genética , Gliose/induzido quimicamente , Gliose/genética , Camundongos , Camundongos Knockout , Proteína Básica da Mielina/metabolismo , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Transdução de Sinais/fisiologia , Canal de Cátion TRPA1/genética , Canal de Cátion TRPA1/metabolismo , Proteína Killer-Antagonista Homóloga a bcl-2/metabolismo
6.
Ideggyogy Sz ; 69(5-6): 157-66, 2016 Mar 30.
Artigo em Húngaro | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27468605

RESUMO

The rare, genetically determined group of diseases characterized by pathological accumulation of iron in the central nervous system and progressive, typically movement disorder's symptoms are called NBIA (neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation). By the rapid development of molecular genetics, it has become apparent that different mutations in numerous genes can lead to pathological cerebral iron accumulation. Simultaneously, it has also been recognized that the age of onset, the symptoms and the prognosis of NBIA disorders are much more diverse than it was previously perceived. To our knowledge, a review article on the most recent clinical data of NBIA has not been published in Hungarian. In the first part of this publication, we survey the general clinical characteristics and the diagnostic algorithm of NBIA diseases and address some considerations for differential diagnostics. In the second part of this review, the particular NBIA disorders are presented in details. The purpose of this article is to provide a clinical overview that may be useful for neurologists, pediatricians and any other medical practitioners interested in this field.


Assuntos
Encéfalo/metabolismo , Transtornos Heredodegenerativos do Sistema Nervoso/diagnóstico , Transtornos Heredodegenerativos do Sistema Nervoso/genética , Distúrbios do Metabolismo do Ferro/diagnóstico , Distúrbios do Metabolismo do Ferro/genética , Ferro/metabolismo , Mutação , Distrofias Neuroaxonais/diagnóstico , Distrofias Neuroaxonais/genética , Alopecia/diagnóstico , Alopecia/genética , Arritmias Cardíacas/diagnóstico , Arritmias Cardíacas/genética , Doenças dos Gânglios da Base/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Gânglios da Base/genética , Encéfalo/patologia , Ceruloplasmina/genética , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus/genética , Fosfolipases A2 do Grupo VI/genética , Transtornos Heredodegenerativos do Sistema Nervoso/metabolismo , Transtornos Heredodegenerativos do Sistema Nervoso/terapia , Humanos , Hipogonadismo/diagnóstico , Hipogonadismo/genética , Deficiência Intelectual/diagnóstico , Deficiência Intelectual/genética , Distúrbios do Metabolismo do Ferro/metabolismo , Distúrbios do Metabolismo do Ferro/terapia , Oxigenases de Função Mista/genética , Distrofias Neuroaxonais/metabolismo , Distrofias Neuroaxonais/terapia , Transtornos Parkinsonianos/diagnóstico , Transtornos Parkinsonianos/genética , Fosfotransferases (Aceptor do Grupo Álcool)/genética , Doenças Raras/diagnóstico , Doenças Raras/genética , Transferases/genética
7.
Mov Disord ; 30(10): 1422-6, 2015 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26230515

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The pathophysiology of cervical dystonia is poorly understood. Increased brain iron deposition has been described in different movement disorders. Our aim was to investigate brain iron content in patients with cervical dystonia, using R2* relaxation rate, a validated MRI marker of brain iron level. METHODS: Twelve female patients with primary focal cervical dystonia (mean age: 45.4 ± 8.0 years) and 12 age-matched healthy female subjects (mean age: 45.0 ± 8.0 years) underwent 3T MRI to obtain regional R2* relaxation rates of the thalamus, caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus (GP). Regions of interest were delineated automatically on T1-weighted MRIs. RESULTS: R2* values in the putamen were positively correlated with age. Patients with cervical dystonia showed elevated R2* values in the GP. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study provides the first quantitative support for increased brain iron deposition in cervical dystonia. Further studies are needed to explore the implications of this finding.


Assuntos
Globo Pálido/metabolismo , Ferro/metabolismo , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Torcicolo/metabolismo , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Núcleo Caudado/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Projetos Piloto , Putamen/metabolismo , Tálamo/metabolismo
8.
Laterality ; 20(1): 112-27, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25341015

RESUMO

Asymmetry is one of the unique and mysterious features of Parkinson's disease (PD). Motor symptoms develop unilaterally either on the left (LPD) or the right side (RPD). Incongruent data are available whether the side of onset has an impact on cognition in PD. The objective of this study is to compare the visuospatial performance of RPD and LPD patients. Seventy-one non-demented, non-depressive and right-handed patients were categorized into RBD (n = 36) and LPD (n = 35) groups. Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCF) was evaluated by both the Taylor's and Loring's scoring systems. Subsequently, we also performed subgroup analyses on patients having short disease duration (≤5 years, 15 RBD and 15 LPD patients). The standard analysis of ROCF (Taylor's system) did not reveal any differences; however, the utilization of the Loring's system demonstrated that LPD patients had significantly worse visuospatial performance than the RPD subjects (3.0 vs. 2.0 points, median, p = 0.002). Correlation between the number of spatial errors and the degree of asymmetry was significant (r = -0.437, p = 0.001). However, this difference could not be observed in PD patients with short disease duration. LPD patients had worse visuospatial performance than the RPD subjects and the number of errors tightly correlated with the degree of asymmetry and long disease duration.


Assuntos
Lateralidade Funcional , Doença de Parkinson/fisiopatologia , Doença de Parkinson/psicologia , Desempenho Psicomotor , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Memória , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Percepção Espacial , Percepção Visual
9.
Ideggyogy Sz ; 68(5-6): 183-8, 2015 May 30.
Artigo em Húngaro | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26182609

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The Unified Dyskinesia Rating Scale (UDysRS) was published in 2008. It was designed to be simultaneous valid, reliable and sensitive to therapeutic changes. The Movement Disorder Society organizing team developed guidelines for the development of official non-English translations consisting of four steps: translation/back-translation, cognitive pretesting, large field testing, and clinimetric analysis. The aim of this paper was to introduce the new UDysRS and its validation process into Hungarian. METHODS: After the translation of UDysRS into Hungarian and back-translated into English, it was reviewed by the UDysRS translation administration team. Subsequent cognitive pretesting was conducted with ten patients. For the large field testing phase, the Hungarian official working draft version of UDysRS was tested with 256 patients with Parkinson's disease having dyskinesia. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) determined whether the factor structure for the valid Spanish UDysRS could be confirmed in data collected using the Hungarian Official Draft Version. To become an official translation, the Comparative Fit Index (CFI) had to be ≥ 0.90 compared to the Spanish-language version. RESULTS: For the Hungarian UDysRS the CFI was 0.98. CONCLUSION: The overall factor structure of the Hungarian version was consistent with that of the Spanish version based on the high CFIs for the UDysRS in the CFA; therefore, this version was designated as the Official Hungarian Version Of The UDysRS.


Assuntos
Antiparkinsonianos/efeitos adversos , Avaliação da Deficiência , Discinesias , Inquéritos e Questionários/normas , Idoso , Antiparkinsonianos/administração & dosagem , Discinesia Induzida por Medicamentos/etiologia , Discinesia Induzida por Medicamentos/fisiopatologia , Discinesias/etiologia , Discinesias/fisiopatologia , Análise Fatorial , Feminino , Humanos , Hungria , Idioma , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doença de Parkinson/complicações , Doença de Parkinson/tratamento farmacológico , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Espanha , Traduções
10.
Transfusion ; 54(2): 306-15, 2014 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23772856

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Many patients receiving oral iron for iron deficiency anemia (IDA) cannot tolerate or fail to respond to therapy, and existing intravenous (IV) iron formulations often require repeated administrations. Ferric carboxymaltose (FCM), a nondextran IV formulation, permits larger single doses. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We evaluated FCM versus oral iron in IDA patients. After 14 days of oral iron, 507 participants responding inadequately to oral iron (hemoglobin [Hb] increase <1 g/dL; Cohort 1) were assigned to Group A (two doses of FCM, 750 mg, 1 week apart) or Group B (oral iron, 325 mg, 3 × day for 14 additional days). Also, 504 subjects not appropriate for oral iron (Cohort 2) were assigned to Group C (FCM as above) or Group D (standard-of-care IV iron). The primary efficacy endpoint was change to highest observed Hb from baseline to Day 35. The composite safety endpoint included all-cause mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, unstable angina, heart failure, arrhythmias, and hyper- or hypotensive events. RESULTS: Mean (± standard deviation [SD]) Hb increase was significantly greater in Group A-FCM than Group B-oral iron: 1.57 (±1.19) g/dL versus 0.80 (±0.80) g/dL (p = 0.001). Post hoc comparison of Group C-FCM and Group D-IV standard of care also demonstrated significant mean (±SD) increase in Hb from baseline to highest value by Day 35 in Group C versus Group D: 2.90 (±1.64) g/dL versus 2.16 (±1.25) g/dL (p = 0.001). Safety endpoints occurred in 17 of 499 (3.4%) participants receiving FCM versus 16 of 498 (3.2%) in comparator groups. CONCLUSION: Two 750-mg FCM infusions are safe and superior to oral iron in increasing Hb levels in IDA patients with inadequate oral iron response.


Assuntos
Anemia Ferropriva/tratamento farmacológico , Compostos Férricos/administração & dosagem , Maltose/análogos & derivados , Administração Oral , Adulto , Anemia Ferropriva/sangue , Anemia Ferropriva/mortalidade , Feminino , Compostos Férricos/efeitos adversos , Cardiopatias/epidemiologia , Hematínicos/administração & dosagem , Hematínicos/efeitos adversos , Hemoglobinas/metabolismo , Humanos , Injeções Intravenosas , Ferro/sangue , Masculino , Maltose/administração & dosagem , Maltose/efeitos adversos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/epidemiologia , Resultado do Tratamento
11.
Ann Hematol ; 93(3): 403-9, 2014 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23955074

RESUMO

Patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are treated with salvage regimens and may be considered for high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation if disease is chemosensitive. Bendamustine is active in indolent B cell lymphomas and chronic lymphocytic leukemia but has not been extensively studied in aggressive lymphomas. This trial examines the combination of bendamustine and rituximab in patients with relapsed and refractory DLBCL. Patients received bendamustine at 90 mg/m² (n = 2) or 120 mg/m² (n = 57) on days 1 and 2 and rituximab at 375 mg/m² on day 1 every 28 days for up to 6 cycles. The study evaluated objective response rate (ORR), duration of response (DOR), progression-free survival (PFS), and treatment safety. Fifty-nine patients were treated, and 48 were evaluable for response. Median age was 74; 89 % had stage III or IV disease, and 63 % had high revised International Prognostic Index scores; the median number of prior therapies was 1. Based on analysis using the intent-to-treat population, the ORR was 45.8 % (complete response, 15.3 %; partial response, 30.5 %). The median DOR was 17.3 months, and the median PFS was 3.6 months. Grade 3 or 4 hematological toxicities included neutropenia (36 %), leukopenia (29 %), thrombocytopenia (22 %), and anemia (12 %). The combination of bendamustine and rituximab showed modest activity in patients with relapsed and refractory DLBCL and has an acceptable toxicity profile.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais Murinos/uso terapêutico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/tratamento farmacológico , Compostos de Mostarda Nitrogenada/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anticorpos Monoclonais Murinos/administração & dosagem , Anticorpos Monoclonais Murinos/efeitos adversos , Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Antineoplásicos Alquilantes/administração & dosagem , Antineoplásicos Alquilantes/efeitos adversos , Antineoplásicos Alquilantes/uso terapêutico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administração & dosagem , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Cloridrato de Bendamustina , Neutropenia Febril Induzida por Quimioterapia/epidemiologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Incidência , Análise de Intenção de Tratamento , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/patologia , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/prevenção & controle , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Compostos de Mostarda Nitrogenada/administração & dosagem , Compostos de Mostarda Nitrogenada/efeitos adversos , Pacientes Desistentes do Tratamento , Rituximab , Prevenção Secundária , Análise de Sobrevida , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia
12.
Ideggyogy Sz ; 67(7-8): 245-50, 2014 Jul 30.
Artigo em Húngaro | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25509365

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) therapy can improve the severe fluctuations associated with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). Our aim was to assess the improvement in the health related quality of life of PD patients treated with LCIG at University of Pécs. METHODS: Eight PD patients were evaluated (age: 68.1 ± 4.4 years, disease duration: 14.5 ± 6.2 years, duration of fluctuations: 8.9 ± 3.1 years). Before the initiation of LCIG treatment and 6 and 12 months later, the health-relat- ed quality of life (PDQ-39 and EQ-5D-5L), severity of PD- related symptoms (MDS-UPDRS, Hoehn-Yahr Scale, Clinical Global Improvement--Severity) and major non-motor symptoms (PD Sleep Scale 2nd version: PDSS-2, Epworth Scale and Beck Depression Inventory: BDI) were assessed. RESULTS: Health-related quality life improved after LCIG treatment measured by both EQ-5D-5L (from 0.257 to 0.662, p = 0.009) and PDQ-39 (from 34 to 26 points, p = 0.038). Meanwhile PD-related symptoms (MDS-UPDRS total score: from 105 points to 68 points, p < 0.05) sleep quality (PDSS-2: from 25 to 22 points, p < 0.05), daytime sleepiness (Epworth: from 12 to 7 points, p < 0.05) and depression (BDI: from 20 to 15 points, p < 0.05) also improved. Median ON time improved form 4.5 hours to 10.0 hours; whereas, the OFF time decreased from 4.5 to 0.5 hours (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Both the quality of life and the clinical fea- tures of PD can be improved by LCIG treatment in advanced PD.


Assuntos
Antiparkinsonianos/uso terapêutico , Carbidopa/uso terapêutico , Nível de Saúde , Levodopa/uso terapêutico , Doença de Parkinson/tratamento farmacológico , Qualidade de Vida , Atividades Cotidianas , Idoso , Antiparkinsonianos/administração & dosagem , Carbidopa/administração & dosagem , Carbidopa/efeitos adversos , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Géis , Humanos , Intestinos , Levodopa/administração & dosagem , Levodopa/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doença de Parkinson/fisiopatologia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Inquéritos e Questionários , Resultado do Tratamento
13.
Ideggyogy Sz ; 67(3-4): 129-34, 2014 Mar 30.
Artigo em Húngaro | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26118257

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) has been published in 2008 as the successor of the original UPDRS. The MDS-UPDRS organizing team developed guidelines for the development of official non-English translations consisting of four steps: translation/back-translation, cognitive pretesting, large field testing, and clinimetric analysis. The aim of this paper was to introduce the new MDS-UPDRS and its validation process into Hungarian. METHODS: Two independent groups of neurologists translated the text of the MDS-UPDRS into Hungarian and subsequently back-translated into English. After the review of the back-translated English version by the MDS-UPDRS translation administration team, cognitive pretesting was conducted with ten patients. Based on the results of the initial cognitive pretesting, another round was conducted. For the large field testing phase, the Hungarian official working draft version of MDS-UPDRS was tested with 357 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) determined whether the factor structure for the English-language MDS-UPDRS could be confirmed in data collected using the Hungarian Official Draft Version. To become an official translation, the Comparative Fit Index (CFI) had to be ≥ 0.90 compared to the English-language version. RESULTS: For all four parts of the Hungarian MDS-UPDRS, the CFI was ≥ 0.94. CONCLUSION: The overall factor structure of the Hungarian version was consistent with that of the English version based on the high CFIs for all the four parts of the MDS-UPDRS in the CFA; therefore, this version was designated as the "OFFICIAL GUNGARIAN VERSION OF THE MDS-UPDRS'.


Assuntos
Antiparkinsonianos/administração & dosagem , Levodopa/administração & dosagem , Doença de Parkinson/fisiopatologia , Doença de Parkinson/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Antiparkinsonianos/efeitos adversos , Cognição , Análise Fatorial , Humanos , Hungria , Idioma , Levodopa/efeitos adversos , Transtornos dos Movimentos/etiologia , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Doença de Parkinson/complicações , Doença de Parkinson/tratamento farmacológico , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Inquéritos e Questionários/normas , Traduções , Tremor/etiologia
14.
Orphanet J Rare Dis ; 18(1): 183, 2023 Jul 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37420270

RESUMO

Multiple sclerosis (MS) may impact quality of life, careers and family plans of the affected individuals. The current treatments with disease modifying therapies aim to prevent people with MS (pwMS) from disability accumulation and progression. Different countries have different reimbursement policies resulting in inequalities in patient care among geographical regions. Access to anti-CD20 therapies for relapsing MS is restricted in Hungary because therapy of individual cases only is reimbursed. In the light of the latest research and national guidelines, 17 Hungarian MS experts agreed on 8 recommendations regarding relapsing pwMS using the Delphi round method. Strong agreement (> 80%) was achieved in all except one recommendation after three rounds, which generated a fourth Delphi round. The experts agreed on treatment initiation, switch, follow-up and discontinuation, as well as on special issues such as pregnancy, lactation, elderly population, and vaccination. Well-defined national consensus protocols may facilitate dialogue between policymakers and healthcare professionals and thus contribute to better patient care in the long run.


Assuntos
Esclerose Múltipla , Idoso , Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Hungria , Qualidade de Vida , Consenso
15.
Nat Med ; 29(1): 258-269, 2023 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36604540

RESUMO

Antigen-specific, MHC-restricted αß T cells are necessary for protective immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but the ability to broadly study these responses has been limited. In the present study, we used single-cell and bulk T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing and the GLIPH2 algorithm to analyze M. tuberculosis-specific sequences in two longitudinal cohorts, comprising 166 individuals with M. tuberculosis infection who progressed to either tuberculosis (n = 48) or controlled infection (n = 118). We found 24 T cell groups with similar TCR-ß sequences, predicted by GLIPH2 to have common TCR specificities, which were associated with control of infection (n = 17), and others that were associated with progression to disease (n = 7). Using a genome-wide M. tuberculosis antigen screen, we identified peptides targeted by T cell similarity groups enriched either in controllers or in progressors. We propose that antigens recognized by T cell similarity groups associated with control of infection can be considered as high-priority targets for future vaccine development.


Assuntos
Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Tuberculose , Humanos , Tuberculose/genética , Linfócitos T , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos T/genética , Antígenos , Progressão da Doença
16.
Ideggyogy Sz ; 65(7-8): 266-70, 2012 Jul 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23074847

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: It has been reported that multiple sclerosis has four different neuropathological subtypes, and two of them (type III and IV) are characterized by primary oligodendrocyte loss. However, the exact pathomechanism that lead to oligodendrocyte apoptosis in human demyelinating diseases is still elusive. The copper chelator cuprizone induces primary oligodendrocyte apoptosis and consequent demyelination in well defined areas of the mouse brain. Nevertheless, the precise subcellular events that result in oligodendrocyte cell death in the cuprizone model are still unknown. We aimed to study the ultrastructural alterations that might induce oligodendrocyte apoptosis in the cuprizone experimental demyelination model. METHODS: C57BL/6 mice were given cuprizone for two, 21 and 35 days to induce demyelination to investigate early pathological events, and different stages of demyelination. In addition, mice were given cuprizone for 35 days and were allowed to recover for two or 14 days to study early and late remyelination. After the cuprizone treatment, mice were sacrificed and the corpus callosum, the superior cerebellar peduncle, the optic nerve and the sciatic nerve were studied by electron microscopy. RESULTS: The ultrastructural analysis revealed that cuprizone induced oligodendrocyte apoptosis is accompanied by the formation of giant mitochondria in the affected cells in the corpus callosum and in the superior cerebellar peduncle. Apoptosis of the myelin producing cells was present through the whole cuprizone challenge. Severe demyelination occurred after three weeks of cuprizone administration associated with massive macrophage infiltration and astrocytosis of the demyelinated areas. Axons and neurons remained unaffected. CONCLUSION: The formation of giant mitochondria in myelin producing oligodendrocytes is the first pathological sign in the cuprizone experimental demyelination. Mitochondrium pathology in the cuprizone challenge might serve as a useful model to study the pathomechanism of multiple sclerosis subtypes (III and IV) characterized by primary oligodendrocyte degeneration.


Assuntos
Apoptose , Doenças Desmielinizantes/patologia , Macrófagos/ultraestrutura , Bainha de Mielina/ultraestrutura , Oligodendroglia/ultraestrutura , Animais , Astrócitos/ultraestrutura , Cerebelo/ultraestrutura , Quelantes , Corpo Caloso/ultraestrutura , Cuprizona , Doenças Desmielinizantes/induzido quimicamente , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Microscopia Eletrônica , Esclerose Múltipla/patologia , Bainha de Mielina/metabolismo , Bainha de Mielina/patologia
17.
PLoS One ; 17(4): e0267346, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35452476

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Fingolimod was approved and reimbursed by the healthcare provider in Hungary for the treatment of highly active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) in 2012. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness, safety profile, and persistence to fingolimod in a real-life setting in Hungary in RRMS patients who were either therapy naïve before enrollment or have changed to fingolimod from another disease-modifying therapy (DMT) for any reason. METHODS: This cross-sectional, observational study with prospective data collection was performed nationwide at 21 sites across Hungary. To avoid selection bias, sites were asked to document eligible patients in consecutive chronological order. Demographic, clinical, safety and efficacy data were analysed for up to 5 years from 570 consenting adult patients with RRMS who had received treatment with fingolimod for at least one year. RESULTS: 69.6% of patients remained free from relapses for the whole study duration; in the first year, 85.1% of patients did not experience a relapse, which rose to 94.6% seen in the 5th year. Compared to baseline at study end, 28.2% had higher, and 9.1% had lower, meanwhile, 62.7% of the patients had stable EDSS scores. Overall, the annualized relapse rate decreased from 0.804 observed at baseline to 0.185, 0.149, 0.122, 0.091, and 0.097 (77.0%, 82.1%, 85.2%, 89.7%, and 89.0% relative reduction, respectively) after 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years of treatment. The greatest reduction rate was seen in the group of therapy naïve patients. Treatment persistence on fingolimod after 60 months was 73.4%. CONCLUSION: In this nationwide Hungarian cohort, most patients under fingolimod treatment were free from relapses and disability progression. In addition, fingolimod has proven to be a well-tolerated DMT that has sustained its manageable safety profile, high efficacy, and positive benefit/risk ratio for up to 5 years in a real-life setting.


Assuntos
Cloridrato de Fingolimode , Esclerose Múltipla Recidivante-Remitente , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Cloridrato de Fingolimode/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Hungria , Imunossupressores/efeitos adversos , Esclerose Múltipla Recidivante-Remitente/tratamento farmacológico , Recidiva
18.
Oncologist ; 16(11): 1520-6, 2011.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22016474

RESUMO

PURPOSE: The Oncotype DX assay predicts likelihood of distant recurrence and improves patient selection for adjuvant chemotherapy in estrogen receptor-positive (ER-positive) early stage breast cancer. This study has two primary endpoints: to evaluate the impact of Oncotype DX recurrence scores (RS) on chemotherapy recommendations and to compare the estimated recurrence risk predicted by breast oncology specialists to RS. METHODS: One hundred fifty-four patients with ER-positive early stage breast cancer and available RS results were selected. Clinicopathologic data were provided to four surgeons, four medical oncologists, and four pathologists. Participants were asked to estimate recurrence risk category and offer their chemotherapy recommendations initially without and later with knowledge of RS results. The three most important clinicopathologic features guiding their recommendations were requested. RESULTS: Ninety-five (61.7%), 45 (29.2%), and 14 (9.1%) tumors were low, intermediate, and high risk by RS, respectively. RS significantly correlated with tumor grade, mitotic activity, lymphovascular invasion, hormone receptor, and HER2/neu status. Estimated recurrence risk by participants agreed with RS in 54.2% ± 2.3% of cases. Without and with knowledge of RS, 82.3% ± 1.3% and 69.0% ± 6.9% of patients may be overtreated, respectively (p = 0.0322). Inclusion of RS data resulted in a 24.9% change in treatment recommendations. There was no significant difference in recommendations between groups of participants. CONCLUSIONS: Breast oncology specialists tended to overestimate the risk of tumor recurrence compared with RS. RS provides useful information that improves patient selection for chemotherapy and changes treatment recommendations in approximately 25% of cases.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular/métodos , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/diagnóstico , Receptores de Estrogênio/biossíntese , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Neoplasias da Mama/terapia , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Detecção Precoce de Câncer/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Mastectomia Segmentar , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/metabolismo , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/patologia , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco
19.
Brain ; 133(Pt 3): 822-34, 2010 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20157013

RESUMO

Oligodendrocyte loss and demyelination are major pathological hallmarks of multiple sclerosis. In pattern III lesions, inflammation is minor in the early stages, and oligodendrocyte apoptosis prevails, which appears to be mediated at least in part through mitochondrial injury. Here, we demonstrate poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activation and apoptosis inducing factor nuclear translocation within apoptotic oligodendrocytes in such multiple sclerosis lesions. The same morphological and molecular pathology was observed in an experimental model of primary demyelination, induced by the mitochondrial toxin cuprizone. Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in this model attenuated oligodendrocyte depletion and decreased demyelination. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition suppressed c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation, increased the activation of the cytoprotective phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase-Akt pathway and prevented caspase-independent apoptosis inducing factor-mediated apoptosis. Our data indicate that poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of pattern III multiple sclerosis lesions. Since poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition was also effective in the inflammatory model of multiple sclerosis, it may target all subtypes of multiple sclerosis, either by preventing oligodendrocyte death or attenuating inflammation.


Assuntos
Apoptose/fisiologia , Encéfalo/enzimologia , Esclerose Múltipla/enzimologia , Oligodendroglia/enzimologia , Inibidores de Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerases , Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerases/metabolismo , Transporte Ativo do Núcleo Celular , Animais , Fator de Indução de Apoptose/metabolismo , Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Morte Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Morte Celular/fisiologia , Núcleo Celular/enzimologia , Núcleo Celular/fisiologia , Cuprizona , Doenças Desmielinizantes/induzido quimicamente , Doenças Desmielinizantes/enzimologia , Doenças Desmielinizantes/fisiopatologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Esclerose Múltipla/induzido quimicamente , Esclerose Múltipla/fisiopatologia , Bainha de Mielina/enzimologia , Bainha de Mielina/fisiologia , Oligodendroglia/fisiologia , Transdução de Sinais
20.
Glia ; 57(8): 807-14, 2009 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19031445

RESUMO

Sex hormones, for example, estrogen and progesterone, are thought to affect and delay progression of multiple sclerosis (MS) in pregnant women. Although both steroid hormones are neuroprotective in the brain and elevated during pregnancy, only estrogen was tested in clinical trials. To evaluate the role of 17beta-estradiol (E) and progesterone (P) in prevention demyelination, young adult male mice were fed with cuprizone for a defined time interval and simultaneously treated with steroids by repeated injections into the neck region. The status of myelination was analyzed by magnetic resonance imaging and conventional histological staining. The individual application of E and P resulted only in a moderate prevention of demyelination in the corpus callosum (CC). The combined treatment with both steroid hormones counteracted the process of demyelination. Expression of the mature (PLP and MBP) and premature (PDGF-alpha-R) oligodendrocyte markers were significantly increased after hormone application in the affected CC. In addition, both hormones stimulated astrogliosis and the expression of IGF-1. Microglial invasion in demyelinated CC was pronounced and additionally localized in the midline of CC after hormone treatment. These data show that sex steroids can protect the brain from demyelination and stimulate remyelination. It appears that only the administration of both hormones is fully effective. The beneficial steroid effect requires interactions with oligodendrocytes possibly by preventing their degeneration or recruitment from precursor cells which are stimulated to remyelinated fibers. The positive hormonal influence on myelination in the CNS may be a future therapeutically strategy for the treatment of MS.


Assuntos
Corpo Caloso , Cuprizona , Doenças Desmielinizantes , Estradiol/farmacologia , Estrogênios/farmacologia , Progesterona/farmacologia , Análise de Variância , Animais , Corpo Caloso/efeitos dos fármacos , Corpo Caloso/patologia , Corpo Caloso/fisiopatologia , Citoesqueleto/metabolismo , Doenças Desmielinizantes/induzido quimicamente , Doenças Desmielinizantes/patologia , Doenças Desmielinizantes/prevenção & controle , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Esquema de Medicação , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteína Glial Fibrilar Ácida/metabolismo , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/genética , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/metabolismo , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Proteínas da Mielina/genética , Proteínas da Mielina/metabolismo , Receptor alfa de Fator de Crescimento Derivado de Plaquetas/metabolismo
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