[Association between level and domains of physical activity in schoolchildren from 9 to 12 years]. / Asociación entre nivel y dominios de actividad física en escolares de 9 a 12 años.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between the level and domains of physical activity in school children from 9 to 12 years of public educational institutions of the Municipality of Los Patios, Cucuta, 2017, based on the information obtained through the questionnaire PAQ-C (Physical Activity Questionnaire for children). METHODS: Descriptive, transversal and analytical study. With a sample of 777 schoolchildren, a proportional stratified sampling was carried out. Consent and informed consent were signed, then the PAQ-C questionnaire was applied. RESULTS: 50,3% of schoolchildren are girls; 44% present a moderately active level, the free time domain has a greater degree of association with a correlation coefficient of 0,65 and is significant at a level of 0,01, followed by the household domain with a correlation coefficient of 0,617 and the school role 0,502. CONCLUSIONS: It was determined that the level of physical activity of school children is moderately active and that it decreases with age, we can say that boys are more active than girls, in addition, there is a direct correlation between the domains and the general level of activity physical.

OBJETIVO: Analizar la relación entre el nivel y los dominios de la actividad física en escolares de 9 a 12 años de instituciones educativas públicas del Municipio de Los Patios, Cúcuta, 2017, con base en la información obtenida a través del cuestionario Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C). MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo, transversal y analítico. Se realizó un muestreo estratificado proporcional con una muestra de 777 escolares. Se firmaron consentimientos y asentimientos informados, luego se procedió a la aplicación del cuestionario PAQ-C. RESULTADOS: El 50,3% de los escolares son niñas; el 44% presenta un nivel moderadamente activo, el dominio "tiempo libre" tiene mayor grado de asociación con un coeficiente de correlación de 0,65 y es significativo a un nivel de 0,01, seguido del dominio "hogar" con un coeficiente de correlación de 0,617 y en el dominio "escolar", 0,502. CONCLUSIONES: Se determinó que el nivel de actividad física de los escolares es moderadamente activo y que decrece con la edad. Se puede afirmar que los niños son más activos que las niñas, además, existe una correlación directa entre los dominios y el nivel general de actividad física.

Asociación entre nivel y dominios de actividad física en escolares de 9 a 12 años / Association between level and domains of physical activity in schoolchildren from 9 to 12 years

RESUMEN Objetivo Analizar la relación entre el nivel y los dominios de la actividad física en escolares de 9 a 12 años de instituciones educativas públicas del Municipio de Los Patios, Cúcuta, 2017, con base en la información obtenida a través del cuestionario Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C). Métodos Estudio descriptivo, transversal y analítico. Se realizó un muestreo estratificado proporcional con una muestra de 777 escolares. Se firmaron consentimientos y asentimientos informados, luego se procedió a la aplicación del cuestionario PAQ-C. Resultados El 50,3% de los escolares son niñas; el 44% presenta un nivel moderadamente activo, el dominio "tiempo libre" tiene mayor grado de asociación con un coeficiente de correlación de 0,65 y es significativo a un nivel de 0,01, seguido del dominio "hogar" con un coeficiente de correlación de 0,617 y en el dominio "escolar", 0,502. Conclusiones Se determinó que el nivel de actividad física de los escolares es moderadamente activo y que decrece con la edad. Se puede afirmar que los niños son más activos que las niñas, además, existe una correlación directa entre los dominios y el nivel general de actividad física.(AU)

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the relationship between the level and domains of physical activity in school children from 9 to 12 years of public educational institutions of the Municipality of Los Patios, Cucuta, 2017, based on the information obtained through the questionnaire PAQ-C (Physical Activity Questionnaire for children). Methods Descriptive, transversal and analytical study. With a sample of 777 schoolchildren, a proportional stratified sampling was carried out. Consent and informed consent were signed, then the PAQ-C questionnaire was applied. Results 50,3% of schoolchildren are girls; 44% present a moderately active level, the free time domain has a greater degree of association with a correlation coefficient of 0,65 and is significant at a level of 0,01, followed by the household domain with a correlation coefficient of 0,617 and the school role 0,502. Conclusions It was determined that the level of physical activity of school children is moderately active and that it decreases with age, we can say that boys are more active than girls, in addition, there is a direct correlation between the domains and the general level of activity physical.(AU)

Thermal injury induces expression of CD14 in human skin.

BACKGROUND: Skin is equipped with an array of immune mediators aimed at fighting invading microbes. CD14 has been shown to play a key role in modulating the activation of cells by LPS. Since LPS levels within burn wounds are often found to be elevated, we sought to examine the expression of CD14 within human skin following thermal injury. METHODS: Patients who sustained partial thickness burns, were recruited into the study (n=57). Total RNA was isolated from both burn and normal (control) skin. Northern blot analysis and TaqMan RT-PCR were used to determine skin CD14 mRNA levels. Immunohistochemistry was used to localize CD14 expression in burned and normal skin. RESULTS: Quantitative PCR showed significantly increased CD14 expression levels in the immediate post-burn period (P<0.05 burn versus non-burn). Immunohistochemistry revealed more pronounced CD14 staining 24 h after the injury, reaching normal levels approximately 5-7 days post-burn. CONCLUSION: CD14 expression peaks within the first week post-burn before declining, reaching normal levels after 14 days. This loss of supranormal CD14 expression locally within the wound may contribute to a weakened host defense response 5-6 days after injury, when patients become especially vulnerable to infection.

Rate and extent of leakage of a magnetic resonance contrast agent tend to be lower under isoflurane anesthesia in comparison to halothane in a rat model of embolic stroke.

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability by arterial spin labeling (ASL)- and dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE)-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), respectively were repeatedly measured under either halothane (N  =  5) or isoflurane (N  =  5) anesthesia in a rat stroke model of embolic occlusion of middle cerebral artery (MCA). Cerebral blood flow measurements were made after MCA embolization, following intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) treatment at 3 hours post-ictus and again at 48 hours. Blood-brain barrier opening was examined after rtPA infusion and again at 48 hours. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests and significance considered at P < 0·05. The extent and magnitude of CBF reduction due to stroke did not differ between the two groups. Blood-to-brain forward rate constant, K(trans), a measure of BBB permeability, for an MRI contrast agent gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA), was elevated in the ipsilateral hemisphere in both cohorts. However, isoflurane-anesthetized rats exhibited a trend of lower K(trans) values at 48 hours (P  =  0·06) indicating reduced BBB damage in the ipsilateral hemisphere. The area of BBB opening followed a similar trend with the isoflurane-anesthetized group exhibiting a smaller area of BBB damage acutely and at 48 hours compared to the halothane-anesthetized group.

Preoperative assessment of cardiac risk and perioperative cardiac management in noncardiac surgery.

More than 27 million Americans undergo noncardiac surgery annually. Cardiac complications can be a major source of morbidity and mortality in the perioperative period. Preoperative risk stratification, intraoperative ischemia monitoring and postoperative surveillance help to predict, identify and efficiently treat these adverse events. A renewed emphasis on preoperative evaluation has helped to identify patients at an increased risk for adverse cardiac events and thus, implement noninvasive or invasive cardio protective strategies in an attempt to minimize these complications. In this review we briefly describe the current evidence on perioperative management of patients presenting for noncardiac surgery. As the surgeon will remain one of the first to evaluate patients before noncardiac surgery it is essential he/she be well versed with this information.

Percepción sobre el proceso salud-enfermedad de los pobladores de la ciudad de Chota 2011-2012 una visión antropológica / Perception about the health-disease process of the inhabitants of the city of Chota 2011-2012 an anthropological vision

La presente investigación es de tipo cuanti ­ cualitativo, diseño no experimental. Los presupuestos teóricos que la fundamentan son: A) Los pobladores de la ciudad de Chota definen al proceso salud ­ enfermedad, cuando realizan sus actividades cotidianas con normalidad, es cuando están bien de salud, y cuando sienten dolencias en el cuerpo y en el alma consideran que están enfermos. B) Los pobladores de la Ciudad de Chota intervienen o tratan el proceso salud enfermedad con prácticas tradicionales, familiares acudiendo a chamanes o curanderos, establecimientos de salud, farmacias, boticas y prácticas de sanaciones religiosas. C) La percepción del proceso salud ­ enfermedad de los pobladores de la ciudad de Chota está dada por su idiosincrasia, costumbres y creencias y la cosmovisión andina. D) La cultura en relación al proceso salud ­ enfermedad está dada por las costumbres y creencias que tienen que ver con la salud y la enfermedad. La unidad de observación la constituyeron los pobladores (hombres y mujeres) seleccionados teniendo en cuenta los criterios de inclusión y que conformaron la muestra, siendo en un número de 23 y que correspondieron al área urbana y peri urbana de la ciudad de Chota. Para el procesamiento de la información se generó una base de datos, se utilizó un software estadístico el programa SPSS, versión 20:00. El análisis de datos se realizó sobre la base de los presupuestos a investigar. Las técnicas han sido la observación participante y la entrevista etnográfica. Los resultados demuestran que los pobladores participantes definen estar enfermos cuando se siente mal físico, psíquico, además padecer un desorden o mal funcionamiento de uno o varios órganos, no permitiendo realizar sus labores cotidianas. Y definen estar bien de salud al sentirse bien mental, física y emocionalmente, estar alegre, pasiva y con ganas de trabajar. Los pobladores intervienen o tratan el proceso salud ­ enfermedad acudiendo a la farmacia, tratamiento médico, utilizando plantas medicinales y practicando la limpia. La percepción del proceso salud ­ enfermedad de los pobladores de la ciudad de Chota responde a la propia percepción del problema que tiene que ver con su cosmovisión que los hace ver que es estar sano o enfermo, por su idiosincrasia costumbres y creencias. Por los resultados se puede concluir que la percepción sobre el proceso salud ­ enfermedad de los pobladores de la ciudad de Chota, bajo la visión Antropológica está influenciada por la cultura, el medio ambiente y los estilos de vida.

Activation of human and mouse Kupffer cells by lipopolysaccharide is mediated by CD14.

Upregulation of CD14 in Kupffer cells has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several forms of liver injury, including alcoholic liver disease. However, it remains unclear whether CD14 mediates lipopolysaccharide (LPS) signaling in this specialized liver macrophage population. In this series of experiments, we determined the role of CD14 in LPS activation of Kupffer cells by using several complementary approaches. First, we isolated Kupffer cells from human livers and studied the effects of anti-CD14 antibodies on LPS activation of these cells. Kupffer cells were incubated with increasing concentrations of LPS in the presence and absence of recombinant human LPS binding protein (LBP). With increasing concentrations of LPS, human Kupffer cell tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production (a marker for Kupffer cell activation) increased in a dose-dependent manner in the presence and absence of LBP. In the presence of anti-human CD14 antibodies, the production of TNF-alpha was significantly diminished. Second, we compared LPS activation of Kupffer cells isolated from wild-type and CD14 knockout mice. Kupffer cells from CD14 knockout mice produced significantly less TNF-alpha in response to the same amount of LPS. Together, these data strongly support a critical role for CD14 in Kupffer cell responses to LPS.