Retraction: Intracranial Osteoma: Unusual Etiology of Chronic Daily Headaches.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21488.].

Vitamin D Serum Levels in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background and objective Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. It is linked with an increase in morbidity (e.g., blindness, kidney failure, stroke, cardiovascular diseases, limb amputations), premature mortality, high healthcare costs, and is quickly becoming a global epidemic disorder. Several studies have shown that vitamin D supplements reduce insulin resistance in T2DM and improve insulin secretion and sensitivity. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in T2DM patients in Saudi Arabia. Methods This was a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at the King Faisal University Health Centre in Saudi Arabia. The study used patient data during the period from October 2014 to January 2021. After obtaining approval from the King Faisal University Polyclinic Administration, we collected patient data from the King Faisal University Health Centre. The Ethics and Research Committee at the College of Medicine of King Faisal University granted ethical approval with the approval number (2020-11-82). The relevant patient data were collected, including age, gender, nationality, and blood test findings (vitamin D and HbA1c levels). Results A total of 191 T2DM patients participated in this study. The mean age of the patients was 56.1 ± 11.4 years (range: 21-85 years); 107 (56%) patients were females, and 137 (71.7%) were Saudis. There were 134 (70.2%) patients with vitamin D deficiency, 53 (27.7%) with vitamin D insufficiency, and only four (2.1%) with normal vitamin D levels. Conclusion Based on our findings, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among T2DM patients is highly associated with poor diabetic control.

Intracranial Osteoma: Unusual Etiology of Chronic Daily Headaches.

Headache is one of the most frequent complaints in the outpatient department. The types of headaches can be broadly classified into primary and secondary. The primary headaches have benign intrinsic causes and include tension, migraine, and cluster headaches. A detailed history and appropriate physical examination are essential in assessing patients with headaches.  We present the case of a 33-year-old woman who presented to our primary care clinic with three days history of worsening frontal headache. She had been experiencing this headache daily for the last three months; however, the current episode is more severe. The headache episode was not associated with fever, neck stiffness, or loss of consciousness. She often became nauseated with the headache. There was no history of weakness, numbness, or visual disturbances with the headache. There was no family history of migraine headaches. On examination, no focal neurological deficit was noted. The head CT scan showed the presence of two highly hyperdense foci in the frontotemporal region, one of them was related to the dura. Such foci were not causing midline shift or brain edema. The preliminary diagnosis was calcified meningioma. Surgical excision of the lesions was planned. The patient underwent right craniotomy under general anesthesia. The two osseous lesions were observed and successfully resected. Histopathological examination of the lesions was consistent with osteoma. Intracranial osteoma is a very rare benign neoplasm of the mature bone tissue. The typical clinical manifestation of intracranial osteoma is a chronic headache. Head CT shows a well-defined, hyperdense structure. However, this is often mistaken as calcified meningioma.

Foreign Body Ingestion: A Common Presentation Among Pediatric Age Group in the City of AlAhsa Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia.

Background Foreign body ingestion is a prevalent issue among children and presents considerable morbidity and mortality rates. Due to children's increased accessibility to electronic toys and equipment, foreign body ingestion has become a common reason for presenting to pediatric emergency departments worldwide. In this context, this research aims to determine the prevalence of foreign body ingestion among children in AlAhsa, Saudi Arabia. Methodology This observational retrospective descriptive study was conducted at Maternity and Children Hospital, AlAhsa, Saudi Arabia, from 2017 to 2021. The study included children (less than 14 years old) who presented to the emergency department with a history of foreign body ingestion. The biographical data, clinical presentation, type of foreign body, and X-ray findings were documented. Results A total of 91 cases of foreign body ingestion or aspiration in children under 14 years of age were included. Approximately half of the patients were under the age of three, and 62.2% of them were male, while 37.8% were female. The clinical presentation revealed that only 24% were symptomatic. Coins were the most commonly ingested foreign bodies (28.9%), followed by metallic objects (20%), and batteries were the least frequently ingested foreign bodies, recorded in eight cases. Conclusion Early detection and treatment of foreign body ingestion is crucial to prevent consequences. In this study, the most frequent foreign bodies detected were coins among children up to three years old. Raising parents' awareness about the prevention of foreign body ingestion is an important step toward reducing its incidence.