RESUMO
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic parasitic disease associated with Echinococcus granulosus. The parasite is maintained by domestic and wild canids as definitive hosts with several ungulate species as intermediate hosts in domestic and peridomestic transmission cycles. In Chile, CE is endemic, and the role of livestock and dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) in the cycle and the accidental infection of humans are widely documented at rural sites. However, the role of wild herbivores in wild cycles or the potential transmission of CE from livestock is still unknown in Chile and the rest of South America. We used molecular techniques to describe CE infecting a Patagonian huemul (Hippocamelus bisulcus) in Cerro Castillo National Reserve (Aysén region, Chile). We make inferences about the risk of disease spillover from sympatric domestic and wild species. The DNA-based molecular analysis revealed that the huemul was infected with E. granulosus G1 genotype, sharing haplotypes with other G1 samples collected from sheep (Ovis aries) and cattle (Bos taurus) worldwide. Geographic overlap between sheep and huemul populations in the reserve likely facilitates parasite spillover into wild deer populations, with shepherd or stray dogs and wild foxes (Lycalopex culpaeus) potentially acting as bridging hosts between livestock and the endangered huemul. Further studies are warranted to understand the implications of E. granulosus for huemul conservation throughout the Chilean Patagonia.
Assuntos
Cervos/parasitologia , Equinococose/veterinária , Echinococcus granulosus , Espécies em Perigo de Extinção , Animais , Chile/epidemiologia , Equinococose/epidemiologia , Equinococose/parasitologia , Echinococcus granulosus/genética , Echinococcus granulosus/isolamento & purificação , Feminino , GenótipoRESUMO
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is an intracellular bacteria and the etiologic agent of caseous lymphadenitis in domestic and wildlife species. We report C. pseudotuberculosis infection in Patagonian huemul ( Hippocamelus bisulcus ) from the Cerro Castillo National Reserve, Region of Aysen, Chile. Subcutaneous abscesses in the abdominal and pectoral regions from two animals were sampled and bacteriologic isolation was performed. In both cases, we isolated a C. pseudotuberculosis strain belonging to the ovine genotype. In addition, one isolate was resistant to ciprofloxacin and streptomycin. We report that H. bisulcus is a susceptible species to this bacterium, which is transmitted by direct or indirect contact with domestic sheep ( Ovis aries ) and which represents a potential conservation threat to populations of H. bisulcus . Additional research and prevention efforts should be addressed.
Assuntos
Infecções por Corynebacterium/veterinária , Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis/isolamento & purificação , Cervos/microbiologia , Ovinos/microbiologia , Animais , Chile , Linfadenite , Doenças dos OvinosRESUMO
En Chile los armadillos Zaedyus pichiy (Desmarest, 1804) y Chaetophractus villosus (Desmarest, 1804) tienen poblaciones periféricas restringidas a planicies de altura y estepa patagónica en la vertiente occidental de la Cordillera de los Andes, donde además han sido escasamente estudiadas. En este trabajo entregamos información sobre los hábitos alimenticios de ambas especies de armadillos, obtenida mediante el análisis de heces colectadas en dos áreas de la región de Aysén, Patagonia chilena. En 38 heces de Z. pichiy identificamos dos taxones de plantas, seis de invertebrados y cuatro de vertebrados, mientras que en 72 heces C. villosus identificamos tres, nueve y cuatro taxones de las mismas categorías. En ambas especies de armadillos los invertebrados fueron la categoría más diversa y con mayor frecuencia de ocurrencia, siendo Coleoptera, Orthoptera y Hemiptera los grupos mejor representados en términos de abundancia. Entre los vertebrados se observó mayor frecuencia de restos del camélido Lama guanicoe (Müller, 1776) y el lagomorfo Lepus europaeus (Pallas, 1778). El análisis de rarefacción muestra que la riqueza de taxones fue mayor en C. villosus que en Z. pichiy, y el índice de Pianka indica que no existió un solapamiento trófico significativo entre especies de armadillos. Nuestras observaciones indican que poblaciones periféricas de ambas especies de armadillos muestran dietas omnívoras oportunistas, con un mayor consumo de invertebrados y plantas; además, sugieren que C. villosus se desarrolla en un rango ambiental más amplio, con una dieta más diversa y mayor presencia de esta especie en ambas áreas de estudio.
In Chile the armadillos Zaedyus pichiy (Desmarest, 1804) and Chaetophractus villosus (Desmarest, 1804) have peripheral populations restricted to steppes and plains near western slopes of the Andes, being also inadequately studied. We present information on feeding habits of both species by analysis of feces obtained in two study areas of Aysén district, Chilean Patagonia. In 38 feces of Z. pichiy we identified two plant taxa, six invertebrate and four vertebrate; in 72 feces of C. villosus we identified three plant taxa, nine invertebrate and four vertebrate. In both armadillos species the invertebrates were the category more frequent and diverse. Coleoptera, Orthoptera and Hemiptera were the most abundant insects, and remains of ungulate Lama guanicoe (Müller, 1776) and lagomorph Lepus europaeus (Pallas, 1778) were the most frequent vertebrates. The rarefaction analysis indicates higher taxa richness in C. villosus than in Z pichiy and Pianka index indicates there is no significant trophic overlap between these two species of armadillos. Our results indicate omnivores/opportunistic foods habits in peripheral populations of both species, with higher consumption of invertebrates and plants; also they suggest that C. villosus lives in a broader environmental range, with a more diverse food habits and higher abundance in both study areas.
Assuntos
Animais , Comportamento Alimentar , Dieta , Distribuição Animal , Níveis Tróficos , Tatus , XenarthraRESUMO
RESUMEN En Chile los armadillos Zaedyus pichiy (Desmarest, 1804) y Chaetophractus villosus (Desmarest, 1804) tienen poblaciones periféricas restringidas a planicies de altura y estepa patagónica en la vertiente occidental de la Cordillera de los Andes, donde además han sido escasamente estudiadas. En este trabajo entregamos información sobre los hábitos alimenticios de ambas especies de armadillos, obtenida mediante el análisis de heces colectadas en dos áreas de la región de Aysén, Patagonia chilena. En 38 heces de Z. pichiy identificamos dos taxones de plantas, seis de invertebrados y cuatro de vertebrados, mientras que en 72 heces C. villosus identificamos tres, nueve y cuatro taxones de las mismas categorías. En ambas especies de armadillos los invertebrados fueron la categoría más diversa y con mayor frecuencia de ocurrencia, siendo Coleoptera, Orthoptera y Hemiptera los grupos mejor representados en términos de abundancia. Entre los vertebrados se observó mayor frecuencia de restos del camélido Lama guanicoe (Müller, 1776) y el lagomorfo Lepus europaeus (Pallas, 1778). El análisis de rarefacción muestra que la riqueza de taxones fue mayor en C. villosus que en Z. pichiy, y el índice de Pianka indica que no existió un solapamiento trófico significativo entre especies de armadillos. Nuestras observaciones indican que poblaciones periféricas de ambas especies de armadillos muestran dietas omnívoras oportunistas, con un mayor consumo de invertebrados y plantas; además, sugieren que C. villosus se desarrolla en un rango ambiental más amplio, con una dieta más diversa y mayor presencia de esta especie en ambas áreas de estudio.
ABSTRACT In Chile the armadillos Zaedyus pichiy (Desmarest, 1804) and Chaetophractus villosus (Desmarest, 1804) have peripheral populations restricted to steppes and plains near western slopes of the Andes, being also inadequately studied. We present information on feeding habits of both species by analysis of feces obtained in two study areas of Aysén district, Chilean Patagonia. In 38 feces of Z. pichiy we identified two plant taxa, six invertebrate and four vertebrate; in 72 feces of C. villosus we identified three plant taxa, nine invertebrate and four vertebrate. In both armadillos species the invertebrates were the category more frequent and diverse. Coleoptera, Orthoptera and Hemiptera were the most abundant insects, and remains of ungulate Lama guanicoe (Müller, 1776) and lagomorph Lepus europaeus (Pallas, 1778) were the most frequent vertebrates. The rarefaction analysis indicates higher taxa richness in C. villosus than in Z pichiy and Pianka index indicates there is no significant trophic overlap between these two species of armadillos. Our results indicate omnivores/opportunistic foods habits in peripheral populations of both species, with higher consumption of invertebrates and plants; also they suggest that C. villosus lives in a broader environmental range, with a more diverse food habits and higher abundance in both study areas.
RESUMO
En Chile los armadillos Zaedyus pichiy (Desmarest, 1804) y Chaetophractus villosus (Desmarest, 1804) tienen poblaciones periféricas restringidas a planicies de altura y estepa patagónica en la vertiente occidental de la Cordillera de los Andes, donde además han sido escasamente estudiadas. En este trabajo entregamos información sobre los hábitos alimenticios de ambas especies de armadillos, obtenida mediante el análisis de heces colectadas en dos áreas de la región de Aysén, Patagonia chilena. En 38 heces de Z. pichiy identificamos dos taxones de plantas, seis de invertebrados y cuatro de vertebrados, mientras que en 72 heces C. villosus identificamos tres, nueve y cuatro taxones de las mismas categorías. En ambas especies de armadillos los invertebrados fueron la categoría más diversa y con mayor frecuencia de ocurrencia, siendo Coleoptera, Orthoptera y Hemiptera los grupos mejor representados en términos de abundancia. Entre los vertebrados se observó mayor frecuencia de restos del camélido Lama guanicoe (Müller, 1776) y el lagomorfo Lepus europaeus (Pallas, 1778). El análisis de rarefacción muestra que la riqueza de taxones fue mayor en C. villosus que en Z. pichiy, y el índice de Pianka indica que no existió un solapamiento trófico significativo entre especies de armadillos. Nuestras observaciones indican que poblaciones periféricas de ambas especies de armadillos muestran dietas omnívoras oportunistas, con un mayor consumo de invertebrados y plantas; además, sugieren que C. villosus se desarrolla en un rango ambiental más amplio, con una dieta más diversa y mayor presencia de esta especie en ambas áreas de estudio.(AU)
In Chile the armadillos Zaedyus pichiy (Desmarest, 1804) and Chaetophractus villosus (Desmarest, 1804) have peripheral populations restricted to steppes and plains near western slopes of the Andes, being also inadequately studied. We present information on feeding habits of both species by analysis of feces obtained in two study areas of Aysén district, Chilean Patagonia. In 38 feces of Z. pichiy we identified two plant taxa, six invertebrate and four vertebrate; in 72 feces of C. villosus we identified three plant taxa, nine invertebrate and four vertebrate. In both armadillos species the invertebrates were the category more frequent and diverse. Coleoptera, Orthoptera and Hemiptera were the most abundant insects, and remains of ungulate Lama guanicoe (Müller, 1776) and lagomorph Lepus europaeus (Pallas, 1778) were the most frequent vertebrates. The rarefaction analysis indicates higher taxa richness in C. villosus than in Z pichiy and Pianka index indicates there is no significant trophic overlap between these two species of armadillos. Our results indicate omnivores/opportunistic foods habits in peripheral populations of both species, with higher consumption of invertebrates and plants; also they suggest that C. villosus lives in a broader environmental range, with a more diverse food habits and higher abundance in both study areas.(AU)