[Morphometry and electrophoretic mobility of red blood cells from patients with asthma in the intravenous blood laser irradiation].

The morphometry and electrophoretic mobility of red blood cells from patients with infection-dependent asthma were comparatively studied prior to and following treatment. The patients who had underwent intravenous laser irradiation of blood (ILIB) in addition to conventional therapy had better morphofunctional parameters of red blood cells, by restoring their normal forms, decreasing their transitional ones, and increasing their electrophoretic mobility to normal values. Those who received traditional drug therapy showed no considerable morphofunctional changes of erythrocytes. Thus, in asthmatic patients, the changes in the morphology and function of red blood cells may suggest their membranous structural changes for whose correction ILIB should used.

[Possibilities of normobaric hypoxic training in rehabilitation of patients with chronic bronchitis]. / Vozmozhnosti normobaricheskoi gipoksicheskoi trenirovki v reabilitatsii bol'nykh khronicheskim bronkhitom.

To provide evidence for the potentialities of normobaric hypoxic training (NHT), oxygen cascades from the lung to tissues and responses to hypoxic and hypercapnic stimuli were analyzed in chronic bronchitis patients with Stages 1, 2, and respiratory failure. Since at Stages 2 and 3, compensatory responses are substantially decreased, there is arterial, and occasionally, venous hypoxemia, NHT is contraindicated in these patients. Compensatory responses are preserved only during early stages 0 and 1 respiratory failure, showing it expedient to employ NHT. NHT regimens (as many as 20 sessions) used in these patients improved the patients' condition and physical activity, normalized ventilation function. However, the concurrent diseases exacerbated in some cases. Medical monitoring is needed when the NHT regimen is used.

[Microcirculatory changes in respiratory insufficiency]. / Izmeneniia mikrotsirkuliatornogo krovoobrashcheniia pri dykhatel'noi nedostatochnosti.

The paper describes the results of study of 71 patients with chronic diseases of the lungs. The methods of investigation were directed at eliciting changes in extravascular, vascular and intravascular factors of the microcirculatory system. Considerable disorders of the microcirculation have been found in respiratory insufficiency and their dependence of the stage of insufficiency. Comparison of the degree of microcirculatory shifts with the gaseous composition of the blood and the acid-base balance has been made. The stages of microcirculatory changes run parallel to the severity of respiratory insufficiency, and the causes leading to pathology of microcirculation in respiratory insufficiency are multifactorial in character, the main being changes in the gaseous composition of the blood.

[Use of normobaric hypoxia in the combined modality therapy of patients with chronic bronchitis]. / Primenenie normobaricheskoi gipoksii v kompleksnom lechenii bol'nykh khronicheskim bronkhitom.

The authors review the main physiological alterations occurring in the body under the influence of hypoxia. Provide the data on successful use of the method in the treatment of a number of diseases with a purpose of increasing nonspecific resistance of the body. Based on the review of literature provide evidence for the use of normobaric hypoxic stimulation (NHOS) in multimodality treatment and prophylaxis of patients suffering from chronic bronchitis (CB). A study was made of the reactions of the cardiorespiratory system towards normobaric hypoxia and of the clinical effect of the continuous treatment with NHOS. The increase of nonspecific resistance of the body was noted, which manifested itself by the deceleration of CB exacerbations, optimization of the work of the cardiorespiratory system and rise of exercise tolerance after a course of NHOS. Recommendations are given for the use of the given method in multimodality treatment and rehabilitation of CB patients.

[Humoral regulators of erythropoiesis during the body's adaptation to chronic respiratory insufficiency]. / Gumoral'nye reguliatory éritropoéza v protsesse adaptatsii organizma pri khronicheskoi dykhatel'noi nedostatochnosti.

It was revealed during examination of 91 patients with chronic nonspecific lung diseases for the blood titers of erythropoietin, erythrocytic chalones, erythrocyte hemolysis products and medium molecules that in the stage I respiratory failure, there were no material changes in the titres of erythrocyte hemolysis products, erythropoietin and medium molecules, whereas the titer of erythrocytic chalones appeared to be high. Stage III of the disease was also marked by no changes in the titer of erythrocyte hemolysis products. However, the titers of erythropoietin and medium molecules rose whereas the titer of erythrocytic chalones was reduced. In the stage II respiratory failure, the above enumerated factors of humoral regulation of erythropoiesis appeared similar to those in stage I. These data evidence that different compensatory reactions to hypoxia associated with chronic respiratory failure are implicated at the molecular, cellular and systemic levels. The up-to-date treatment and diagnostic process is not feasible, provided these reactions are not taken into consideration.

[The hospital stage of the long-term oxygen therapy of chronic lung failure in patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis]. / Statsionarnyi étap dlitel'noi kislorodoterapii khronicheskoi legochnoi nedostatochnosti u bol'nykh s khronicheskim obstruktivnym bronkhitom.

The authors analyze the role of the initial inpatient stage of long-term oxygen therapy (LOT) in combined treatment of chronic pulmonary failure in patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis, lung emphysema, and pneumosclerosis. The treatment lasted 30 days both in the main and in the control groups. In addition to basic therapy, the main group patients received 38% O2 for 15 h a day. To decrease the risk of PaCO2 elevation with a possible respiratory disorder, particularly in patients with initial hypercapnia, it is suggested that a special oxygen test with simultaneous control of acid-base balance and gas composition of the arterial blood may be carried out. In contrast to the control group, the main group patients demonstrated an improvement of gas composition of the arterial blood and of the parameters such as the alveolar-arterial gradient according to O2, the physiological pulmonary shunt. The combined use of oxygen therapy and resistance at expiration made it possible to ameliorate a number of external respiration function parameters, diffusion lung capacity, and enhanced the effect of oxygen therapy. It is shown that patients with PaO2 may be given LOT within the range of 60-69 mm Hg, provided the pulmonary physiological shunt exceeds 20%.

[Clinico-functional effect of a course of interval normobaric hypoxic therapy in patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis and bronchial asthma]. / Kliniko-funktsional'nyi éffekt kursa interval'noi normobaricheskoi gipoksiterapii u bol'nykh khronicheskim obstruktivnym bronkhitom i bronkhial'noi astmoi.

AIM: To study short- and long-term clinicofunctional effects of primary and secondary courses of interval normobaric hypoxia (INH) in patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis (COB) and bronchial asthma (BA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study group of 45 COB and BA patients were exposed to INH. The control group of 20 COB and BA patients received conventional drugs. The INH patients were examined using the acute hypoxia test, return respiration test, peak-flowmetry, assessment of external respiration function (ERF), immune status, heart rate, blood pressure. Stange test ERF and the disease course within the last 2-3 years were analyzed. RESULTS: INH proved more beneficial for COB and BA patients than the standard drugs. Bronchial obstruction reduced by 10-15%, exercise tolerance, general condition, ventilation, hemodynamic and immunological parameters improved, frequency of bronchopulmonary infection exacerbations dropped 2-fold. CONCLUSION: An INH course is effective in the majority of COB and BA patients. It is recommended for treatment and rehabilitation once or twice a year.

[The use of a respiratory regulator in the combined therapy of obstructive lung diseases]. / Ispol'zovanie reguliatora dykhaniia v kompleksnoi terapii obstruktivnykh zabolevanii legkikh.

The authors review a method for the treatment of patients suffering from nonspecific pulmonary diseases associated with the obstructive syndrome by means of a respiratory regulator which permits the building of positive pressure of 2-4 cm H2O throughout expiration. External respiration, gas exchange and hemodynamics were explored in 30 patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis and in 30 patients with bronchial asthma treated by the respiratory regulator. There were clinical and functional data indicating the lowering of bronchial obstruction: an increase of the lung capacities, improvement of the velocity indicators, and improvement of the ventilation-perfusion correlations in the lungs.

[Bronchoconstriction in administration of ACE inhibitors]. / Bronkhokonstriktsiia pri primenenii ingibitorov angiotenzinprevrashchaiushchego fermenta.

The aim of the study was assessment of bronchial capacity in the treatment with ACE inhibitors. 92 patients with essential hypertension stage I-II (mean age 52 years), ischemic heart disease and bronchial asthma (a mild, moderate and severe course) in a relative remission were treated for arterial hypertension with ACE inhibitors enalapril and diroton. Enalapril improved cough indices by 38.3%, diroton--by 13.3%. This was accompanied by a rise in the level of natural antibodies to bradikinin.

[The role of sleep apnea in the pathogenesis of cardio-pulmonary insufficiency in patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis]. / O roli nochnogo apnoé v patogeneze legochno-serdechnoi nedosta- tochnosti u bol'nykh khronicheskim obstruktivnym bronkhitom.

Continuous registration of breath, ECG, O2 tension was carried out in sleeping chronic obstructive bronchitis (COB) patients (n-46). Sleep apnea was detected in 19 of them. It was found that signs of pulmonary insufficiency in association of COB and sleep apnea occur significantly earlier. No correlation was observed between the severity of bronchial obstruction and pathological sleep apnea. The discussion covers mechanisms of pulmonary and cardiac insufficiency onset in COB patients with sleep apnea, therapeutic responses to long-term oxygen treatment and introduction of artificial respiratory control.

[Effect of oxygen in different concentrations and free radical-anti-radical activity system in patients with chronic pulmonary insufficiency]. / Vozdeistvie kisloroda raznoi kontsentratsii na sistemu svobodnoradikal'naia-antiradikal'naia aktivnost' u bol'nykh khronicheskoi legochnoi nedostatochnost'iu.

The study of free-radical processes elucidated concentrations of O2 producing a negative effect in chronic obstructive bronchitis sufferers with respiratory insufficiency (RI). In RI of the second and third degree concentration of inhaled O2 should not exceed 50%. In this concentration O2 toxicity is not evident, unbalance of the system free radical-antiradical activity is less pronounced, O2 transport from the lungs to the tissue reaches optimal level. A course of oxygen therapy (20 daily sessions lasting 30 min., 50% O2) is not toxic, promoted activation of SOD and alleviation of arterial hypoxemia.

[Functional state of the diaphragm during several non-drug methods of the treatment of chronic pulmonary insufficiency]. / Funktsional'noe sostoianie diafragmal'noi myshtsy pri nekotorykh nemedikamentoznykh metodakh lecheniia khronicheskoi legochnoi nedostatochnosti.

The study compared the effect of conventional therapy of aggravated chronic obstructive bronchitis (COB), inpatient oxygen treatment of large duration (OT), normobaric hypoxic stimulation (NBHS), inspiratory resistance on the diaphragmatic muscle function in COB patients with chronic pulmonary insufficiency. The function was assessed at stimulation electromyography of the diaphragm. The latter reflected enhanced bioelectric activity of the diaphragm in response to OT and inspiratory resistive training as shown by increased time parameters. Conventional COB treatment induced no changes in the myographic picture. Long-term response to NBHS needs further investigations.

[Immediate and long-term results of pulmonary resection in bronchiectasis]. / Blizhaishie i otdalennye rezul'taty rezektsii legkikh pri brokhoéktaziiakh.

Under analysis were the nearest results of resection of the lungs for bronchoectasias in 360 patients aged from 5 to 68. Favorable nearest results were noted in 96.4% of the patients operated upon, with no lethal outcomes. Pleural complications met in 11% of the cases proved to be consequences of inadequate hermetic quality of the pulmonary and bronchial sutures. Remote results from 1 to 10 years were studied in 267 patients. Complete recovery was achieved in 29.9%, considerable improvement in 53.2%, the condition failed to change in 13.8%, aggravation was noted in 3.1%. Best results were obtained after operations performed at the age of 5-10 years, radical treatment in unilateral and bilateral bronchoectasias. Long-term results of the operations were influenced by pleuropulmonary complications, not treated chronical bronchitis, emphysematous alterations in the residual portions of the lungs.

[Diagnosis and surgical treatment of the masses in the right cardiodiaphragmatic angle]. / O diagnostike i khirurgicheskom lechenii obrazovanii pravogo kardiodiafragmal'nogo ugla.

One hundred and three patients with different formations of the right phrenocardial angle were studied. Parasternal lipomas and celomic cysts of the pericardium were diagnozed in 77 patients. In the operative treatment of parasternal lipomas the transrectal incision in the right hypochondrium was preferred, anteropericardial thoracotomy was preferred in cysts. Lateral thoractomy was used in doubtful diagnosis. The nearest results were good.