RESUMO
Pediculosis capitis is obligate ectoparasite that lives and feeds on host blood, affecting commonly children. Lice are transmitted easily and respond to topical treatment with good personal hygiene. Chronic infestation can lead to different complications such as bacterial infection dermatitis and anaemia. Haematological complications are not reported frequently. We report a case series of five patients presented with a clear manifestation of anaemia with heavy lice infestation. Laboratory evaluation revealed microcytic hypochromic anaemia (red blood cell indices) with low serum iron levels and other causes that were excluded. All patients who were admitted received blood transfusions. There was not a possible explanation for this severe anaemia other than head lice.