Unraveling the Mechanisms of Efficient Phosphorus Utilization in Popcorn (Zea mays L. var. everta): Insights from Proteomic and Metabolite Analysis.

The expansion of agriculture and the need for sustainable practices drives breeders to develop plant varieties better adapted to abiotic stress such as nutrient deficiency, which negatively impacts yields. Phosphorus (P) is crucial for photosynthesis and plant growth, but its availability in the soil is often limited, hampering crop development. In this study, we examined the response of two popcorn inbred lines, L80 and P7, which have been characterized previously as P-use inefficient and P-use efficient, respectively, under low (stress) and high P (control) availability. Physiological measurements, proteomic analysis, and metabolite assays were performed to unravel the physiological and molecular responses associated with the efficient use of P in popcorn. We observed significant differences in protein abundances in response to the P supply between the two inbred lines. A total of 421 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were observed in L80 and 436 DEPs in P7. These proteins were involved in photosynthesis, protein biosynthesis, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and energy metabolism. In addition, flavonoids accumulated in higher abundance in P7. Our results help us understand the major components of P utilization in popcorn, providing new insights for popcorn molecular breeding programs.

A preliminary metabarcoding analysis of Portuguese raw honeys.

The microbial diversity in Portuguese raw honeys remains largely uncharacterized, constituting a serious knowledge gap in one of the country's most important resources. This work provides an initial investigation with amplicon metabarcoding analysis of two Lavandula spp. from different geographical regions of Portugal and one Eucalyptus spp. honey. The results obtained allowed to identify that each honey harbors diverse microbiomes with taxa that can potentially affect bee and human health, cause spoilage, and highlight bad bee-hive management practices. We verified that prokaryotes had a tendency towards a more marked core bacterial and a relative homogenous taxa distribution, and that the botanical origin of honey is likely to have a stronger impact on the fungal community. Thus, the results obtained in this work provide important information that can be helpful to improve this critical Portuguese product and industry.

Draft genome sequence and comparative genomic analysis of Penicillium pancosmium MUM 23.27 isolated from raw honey.

The draft genome sequence and main genomic features of Penicillium pancosmium MUM 23.27, isolated from Portuguese raw honey are reported. The genome size is 34.82 Mb, containing a 48.99% GC content, 11,394 genes, with 39 rRNAs and 147 tRNAs/tmRNAs. Twenty-six BGCs were predicted with four exhibiting significant similarities with YWA1, chaetoglobosin A/chaetoglobosin C, squalestatin S1, and nidulanin A. Moreover, the whole-genome sequencing and in silico genomic analysis, allowed to further understand some aspects of this species habitat, resistance, and evolutionary genomic events. Altogether, the results obtained also allow to dwell deeper on particular Penicillia biological characteristics and genomic traits, permitting them to thrive in these honey substrates. In addition, this resource represents the first genome for the species and one of the first for raw honeys filamentous fungi.

Detection of DNA repair protein in colorectal cancer of patients up to 50 years old can increase the identification of Lynch syndrome?

The aim of this study was to compare the results of protein level of the DNA mismatch repair genes with the clinical diagnosis of Lynch syndrome according to the Amsterdam II criteria in patients 50 years and younger who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer. The subjects of analysis were 48 patients 50 years old and younger. Immunohistochemistry assays were performed to detect proteins from the DNA mismatch repair genes. Clinicopathological data and Amsterdam II criteria for the diagnosis of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer were obtained by analyzing medical records. Two (4 %) patients satisfied the Amsterdam II criteria for Lynch syndrome, and both presented levels of all of the studied mismatch repair proteins. A total of 13 (27 %) patients exhibited the absence of protein levels of the studied mismatch repair genes. None of these patients were considered suspicious for Lynch syndrome according to the Amsterdam II criteria. Screening for the level of proteins of the mismatch repair system in all colorectal cancer patients 50 years and younger can increase the identification of patients with suspicion of Lynch syndrome.

People's experiences of their involvement in nursing care: a systematic review protocol.

BACKGROUND: People's involvement and participation in their own care are the essential basis of nursing care. This phenomenon can be characterised as an approach based on the integration of the person's values, beliefs, and preferences during nursing care. This process contributes to improve quality of care, improve satisfaction levels, and result in a better experience for people receiving care. To promote the person's participation in nursing care, it is necessary to better understand their experiences about this topic. AIM: To synthesise the available evidence on people's experiences of their involvement and participation in nursing care in a hospital setting. DESIGN & SETTING: A systematic review that will be conducted according to the JBI methodology for systematic reviews of qualitative evidence. METHOD: The study selection, critical appraisal, and data extraction will be conducted by two independent reviewers. This review will consider studies with a qualitative approach, published and unpublished, in Portuguese, English, or Spanish, with no temporal limit, which include adults, aged 18 years or older, who have experienced an admission to a hospital, that explored people's experiences of their involvement and participation in nursing care in hospital ward settings. Findings will be presented using a meta-aggregation approach and narrative format, and the final synthesised findings will be graded according to the ConQual approach. CONCLUSION: It is expected that this qualitative synthesis will inform people, health professionals, and policymakers, allowing them to develop recommendations to promote the person's participation in nursing care.

Improving transitional care after acute myocardial infarction: A scoping review.

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, posing a significant challenge to healthcare systems worldwide. Transitional care interventions, which ensure coordination and continuity of care as patients move between different levels of healthcare, have been shown to reduce unnecessary healthcare utilization and improve patient outcomes. While much attention has been given to transitional care in heart failure, this review aims to map the interventions implemented for patients following an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). A scoping review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology, with literature searches performed in the Cochrane, CINAHL, MEDLINE, JBI, and SciELO databases, focusing on publications from 2013 onwards in both Portuguese and English. Seventy-five studies were included, with most combining multiple interventions that contributed to improved cardiovascular health outcomes, including increased adherence to healthy lifestyle behaviors, enhanced medication compliance, and better healthcare self-management. These interventions were effective in reducing cardiovascular-related Emergency Department visits, unplanned 30-day readmissions, and mortality following a first-time myocardial infarction. Key strategies identified included discharge planning, digital health solutions, outpatient care, and healthcare coordination. The findings of this review underscore the need for developing methodologies that enhance the transition of care from hospital to primary care following an AMI. There is an urgent need to design and implement new healthcare programs that integrate discharge interventions, digital health, outpatient care, and healthcare coordination to ensure continuity of care and optimize patient outcomes post-discharge.

Barriers and facilitators of evidence-based practice in the Portuguese context: perceptions of formal nursing leaders.

INTRODUCTION: Formal nursing leaders play an important role in promoting and sustaining evidence-based practice (EBP) in the clinical context, particularly by creating a conducive environment for change and increasing clinicians' awareness of the positive results of EBP. However, nursing leaders encounter both barriers and facilitators in their work; therefore, it is important to understand their perceptions on this topic. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to understand the perceptions of formal nursing leaders about barriers and facilitators for EBP. METHODS: A descriptive exploratory study with a qualitative approach was conducted. A convenience sample was obtained, consisting of formal nursing leaders from three Portuguese health care institutions. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Content analysis was conducted using MAXQDA Analytic Pro 2022 software. RESULTS: Seventeen formal nursing leaders were interviewed. Five categories of EBP barriers were identified: (1) scarce resources and inefficient resource management; (2) non-conducive organizational culture; (3) distance between academia and the clinical context; (4) demotivation; and (5) resistance to change. Seven categories of EBP facilitators were identified: (1) availability of resources and efficient resource management; (2) conducive organizational culture; (3) partnerships between academia and the clinical context; (4) motivation and commitment; (5) leadership; (6) organization that regulates professional practice; and (7) multidisciplinary meetings. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified barriers and facilitators for EBP through the perceptions of formal nursing leaders. Collaborative multidisciplinary efforts by leaders, direct care professionals, academics, and researchers should be conducted to overcome barriers and strengthen facilitators for EBP. SPANISH ABSTRACT: http://links.lww.com/IJEBH/A242.

Centipede envenomation (Chilopoda): Case report.

Centipedes are venomous arthropods that have an elongated body, divided into many segments, presenting a pair of legs in each segment, adapted pairs of paws that simulate fangs and inject venom causing intense pain, with local erythema and edema, and rarely, blisters and skin necrosis. We present the case of a young woman pricked on her upper lip with intense swelling and local pain and discuss the real danger of envenomation and the therapeutic measures that should be taken.

Validation of the Therapeutic Self-Care Scale-European Portuguese Version in Primary Care Type 2 Diabetes Adults.

Self-care is an important nursing-sensitive outcome. Reliable and valid measures are needed for therapeutic self-care assessment that may inform the development and evaluation of individualized nursing interventions co-created with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) adults. The therapeutic self-care scale European Portuguese version (TSCS-EPV) is a validated generic measure that may be used to assess self-care in T2DM adults. AIM: To examine the psychometric properties of the TSCS-EP version in T2DM adults, in primary health care. METHODS: A cross-sectional pilot study in a convenience sample of 80 adults with T2DM from two primary health care centers in Portugal was conducted. Individuals completed the Portuguese version of the TSC scale. RESULTS: A three-factor solution emerged from the principal component analysis: "Recognizing and managing signs and symptoms"; "Managing changes in health condition" and "Managing medication", explaining 75% of the total variance. Total scale Cronbach's alpha was 0.884 and for the three factors ranged from 0.808 to 0.954. CONCLUSION: the therapeutic self-care scale European Portuguese version is a promising scale for assessing therapeutic self-care abilities in adults with T2DM in primary care settings. More consistent results on its validity and reliability are needed for it to be used in the country.

Monitoring morphological changes from activated sludge to aerobic granular sludge under distinct organic loading rates and increasing minimal imposed sludge settling velocities through quantitative image analysis.

Quantitative image analysis (QIA) was used for monitoring the morphology of activated sludge (AS) during a granulation process and, thus, to define and quantify, unequivocally, structural changes in microbial aggregates correlated with the sludge properties and granulation rates. Two sequencing batch reactors fed with acetate at organic loading rates of 1.1 ± 0.6 kgCOD m-3 d-1 (R1) and 2.0 ± 0.2 kgCOD m-3 d-1 (R2) and three minimal imposed sludge settling velocities (0.27 m h-1, 0.53 m h-1, and 5.3 m h-1) induced distinct granulation processes and rates. QIA results evidenced the turning point from flocculation to granulation processes by revealing the differences in the aggregates' stratification patterns and quantifying the morphology of aggregates with equivalent diameter (Deq) of 200 µm ≤ Deq ≤ 650 µm. Multivariate statistical analysis of the QIA data allowed to distinguish the granulation status in both systems, by clustering the observations according to the sludge aggregation and granules maturation status, and successfully predicting the sludge volume index measured at 5 min (SVI5) and 30 min (SVI30). These results evidence the possibility of defining unequivocally the granulation rate and anticipating the sludge settling properties at early stages of the process using QIA data. Hence, QIA could be used to predict episodes of granules disruption and hindered settling ability in aerobic granulation sludge processes.

Effectiveness of psychiatric mental health nurses: can we save the core of the profession in an economically constrained world?

Mental and behavioral disorders are common, affecting more than 25% of all people at some time during their lives. Mental disorders and their burden on society have increased dramatically. This scenario can be an opportunity for psychiatric/mental health (P/MH) nurses. Some literature shows gratifying experiences of care delivered by P/MH nurses, but that can also be a threat if, in a world with an economic dominance such as ours, we are not able to clarify our identity and effectiveness. One implication of this is that we need to identify the contribution of nursing to patient outcomes through nurses' independent, dependent, and interdependent roles. The authors stressed the importance of improving our accountability and fighting against invisibility to policy makers to prioritize the nurse-client relationship and identify our effectiveness. Based on some literature, the authors argue that clinical nurse specialists are in a better position than nurse practitioners to produce nursing-sensitive outcomes.

Injuries in humans caused by mantis shrimp or siriboia (Crustacea: Stomatopoda).

INTRODUCTION: Mantis shrimps or siriboias are crustaceans belonging to the order Stomatopoda. They are known for their strong claws, which they use for defense and capturing their prey. They are classified into two groups: the spearers, which pierce the prey with sharp projections, and the smashers, which strike their prey with high-powered punches. These animals are highly feared by fishermen, and there are frequent anecdotal reports of human injuries caused by these crustaceans. METHODS: A questionnaire about injuries in humans caused by these stomatopods was administered to 23 fishermen of Colony Z10 in Ubatuba, São Paulo state, Brazil, and a survey of the literature on injuries in humans caused by these animals was carried out. RESULTS: The fishermen consider the mantis shrimp dangerous and avoid direct contact with them on account of the associated risk. We describe five reports of human injuries caused by these animals: four by the claws and one by the tail spikes. CONCLUSIONS: We describe the first aid treatment, prevention, and recommendations for such cases and propose the distribution of educational leaflets among the fishermen colonies.

The Effect of Testosterone Replacement on Intramedullary, Inguinal and Visceral Fat in Ovariectomized Rats.

OBJECTIVE: The present article aims to evaluate the impact of testosterone treatment on the expansion of visceral, subcutaneous and intramedullary adipose tissue of ovariectomized rats and the visceral and subcutaneous fat expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) gamma. METHODS: In total 48 female Wistar rats were castrated and randomly divided into 6 treatment groups: group E2 was submitted to estradiol 5 µg/day; group T, to testosterone 5 µg/day; group E2 + T, to estradiol 5 µg/day + testosterone 5 µg/day; group TT, to testosterone 30 µg/day; group E2 + TT, to estradiol 5 µg/day + testosterone 30 µg/day; and placebo was administered to group P. After 5 weeks, the rats were euthanized, the inguinal and visceral adipose tissues were harvested, weighted, and had their PPAR gamma expression evaluated by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The right femurs were harvested and histologically prepared to perform the number count of the intramedullary adipocytes. RESULTS: The expansion of visceral fat tissue was much higher in the TT group when compared with other treated groups (p < 0.001). The TT group also showed a higher expansion of inguinal fat (p < 0.01), and groups E2 + T and E2 + TT presented lower growth compared to the P group (p < 0.01). The number of femur intramedullary adipocytes only showed significant differences between groups TT and E2 + TT (p < 0.05). The expression of PPAR gamma showed no differences among the groups. CONCLUSION: The use of testosterone in high doses leads to an important expansion in both visceral and inguinal adipose tissues. Association with estradiol exerts an expansion-repressive effect on the visceral and inguinal adipose tissues.

OBJETIVO: Este artigo tem como objetivo avaliar o impacto do tratamento com testosterona na expansão dos tecidos adiposos visceral, subcutâneo e intramedular de ratas ovariectomizadas e a expressão de receptores ativados por proliferadores de peroxissoma (RAPPs) gama nas gorduras visceral e subcutânea. MéTODOS: No total, 48 ratas Wistar foram castradas e divididas aleatoriamente em 6 grupos de tratamento: o grupo E2 recebeu estradiol 5 µg/dia; o grupo T, testosterona 5 µg/dia; o grupo E2 + T, estradiol 5 µg/dia + testosterona 5 µg/dia; o grupo TT, testosterona 30 µg/dia; o grupo E2 + TT, estradiol 5 µg/dia + testosterona 30 µg/dia; e o grupo P recebeu placebo. Após 5 semanas, as ratas foram submetidas a eutanásia, o tecido adiposo inguinal e visceral foi coletado, pesado, e se avaliou a expressão dos RAPP gama por reação em cadeia da polimerase via transcriptase reversa quantitativa (RCP-TRq). Os ossos do fêmur direito foram colhidos e processados histologicamente para contagem de números de adipócitos intramedulares. RESULTADOS: A expansão do tecido adiposo visceral foi muito maior no grupo TT quando comparado a outros grupos tratados (p < 0,001). O grupo TT também apresentou maior expansão da gordura inguinal (p < 0,01), e os grupos E2 + T e E2 + TT apresentaram menor crescimento em relação ao grupo P (p < 0,01). O número de adipócitos intramedulares no fêmur mostrou apenas diferenças significativas entre os grupos TT e E2 + TT (p < 0,05). A expressão de RAPP gama não mostrou diferenças entre os grupos. CONCLUSãO: O uso de testosterona em altas doses leva a uma importante expansão nos tecidos adiposos visceral e inguinal. A associação com o estradiol exerce um efeito repressivo de expansão nos tecidos adiposos visceral e inguinal.

Elaboração de perfil de indicadores de qualidade sensíveis às intervenções de enfermagem em cirurgia de ambulatório / Development of a nursing-sensitive quality indicators profile in ambulatory surgery / Elaboración de perfiles de indicadores de calidad sensibles a las intervenciones de enfermería en cirugía ambulatorial

Resumo Enquadramento: A cirurgia de ambulatório tem sofrido um forte crescimento nos últimos anos. Existe pouca literatura relativamente à qualidade dos cuidados neste contexto e menos ainda sobre os indicadores de qualidade sensíveis às intervenções do enfermeiro. Objetivo: Elaborar um perfil de indicadores de qualidade sensíveis às intervenções de enfermagem em cirurgia de ambulatório. Metodologia: Para encontrar o consenso sobre os melhores indicadores, utilizou-se a metodologia de e-Delphi modificada através de questionários online, em duas rondas. Resultados: Um painel de 27 peritos avaliou 58 indicadores de qualidade sensíveis às intervenções de enfermagem em cirurgia de ambulatório, divididos pelas dimensões de estrutura, processo e resultado. Foram validados 45 indicadores. Conclusão: Este estudo evidencia o papel do enfermeiro neste contexto de prestação de cuidados perioperatórios e poderá subsidiar a construção de ferramentas para avaliar a qualidade dos cuidados de enfermagem em cirurgia de ambulatório.

Abstract Background: Ambulatory surgery has increased significantly in recent years. Literature is scarce regarding the quality of care in this setting, particularly regarding nursing-sensitive quality indicators. Objective: To develop a nursing-sensitive quality indicators profile in ambulatory surgery. Methodology: The modified e-Delphi methodology was used to find consensus on the best indicators. Online questionnaires were used in two rounds. Results: A panel of 27 experts evaluated 58 nursing-sensitive quality indicators in ambulatory surgery, including structure, process, and outcome indicators. Forty-five indicators were validated. Conclusion: This study highlights nurses' role in perioperative care and may support the development of tools to assess the quality of nursing care in ambulatory surgery.

Resumen Marco contextual: La cirugía ambulatoria ha experimentado un fuerte crecimiento en los últimos años. Existe poca literatura relativa a la calidad de los cuidados en este contexto y aún menos sobre indicadores de calidad sensibles a las intervenciones del enfermero. Objetivo: elaborar un perfil de indicadores de calidad sensibles a las intervenciones de enfermería en cirugía ambulatoria. Metodología: Para llegar a un consenso, se utilizó la metodología e-Delphi modificada mediante cuestionarios en línea, en dos rondas. Resultados: Un panel de 27 expertos evaluó 58 indicadores de calidad sensibles a las intervenciones de enfermería en cirugía ambulatoria, divididos por las dimensiones estructura, proceso y resultado. Se validaron 45 indicadores. Conclusión: Este estudio evidencia el papel de los enfermeros en este contexto de la prestación de cuidados perioperatorios y puede apoyar el desarrollo de herramientas para evaluar la calidad de los cuidados de enfermería en cirugía ambulatoria.

A perceção de líderes formais de enfermagem sobre a prática baseada na evidência / Formal nurse leaders' perception of evidence-based practice / La percepción de los líderes formales de enfermería sobre la práctica basada en la evidencia

Resumo Enquadramento: A implementação da Prática Baseada na Evidência (PBE) é crucial para a qualidade dos cuidados de enfermagem. As ações desenvolvidas pelos líderes formais são essenciais para implementar a PBE, tornando-se determinante conhecer as suas perceções. Objetivo: Conhecer as perceções de líderes formais de enfermagem sobre a PBE. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo exploratório com abordagem qualitativa. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas a 17 líderes de três hospitais portugueses. Os dados foram analisados através de análise de conteúdo e do software MAXQDA Analytics Pro 2022. Salvaguardados os pressupostos éticos. Resultados: Emergiram dois temas com respetivas categorias − Conhecimento sobre PBE (Conceito de PBE, Impacto da PBE nos resultados em saúde e Autoperceção do conhecimento sobre PBE); Papel na implementação da PBE (comportamentos e caraterísticas). Conclusão: Os líderes descreveram a sua perceção sobre o Conceito de PBE e a relação do Impacto da PBE com resultados em saúde, a necessidade de conhecimento e o seu investimento formativo, bem como o seu papel neste processo. Futuros programas formativos deverão ser implementados nesta área.

Abstract Background: The implementation of Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) is critical to the quality of nursing care. Formal leaders play a crucial role in developing interventions to implement EBP, so it is important to understand their perceptions. Objective: To examine formal nurse leaders' perceptions of EBP. Methodology: Descriptive exploratory study with a qualitative approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 leaders from three Portuguese hospitals. Data were analyzed using content analysis and MAXQDA Analytics Pro 2022 software. All ethical principles were observed. Results: Two themes and their categories emerged − Knowledge of EBP (Concept of EBP, Impact of EBP on health outcomes, and Self-perception of the knowledge about EBP) and Role in EBP implementation (behaviors and characteristics). Conclusion: The leaders described their perception of the concept of EBP and the association between the impact of EBP and health outcomes, the need for knowledge, and the investment in training, as well as their role in this process. Future training programs should be implemented in this area.

Resumen Marco contextual: La implantación de la Práctica Basada en la Evidencia (PBE) es esencial para la calidad de los cuidados de enfermería. Las acciones emprendidas por los líderes formales son esenciales para implantar la PBE, y es fundamental conocer sus percepciones. Objetivo: Conocer las percepciones de los líderes formales de enfermería sobre la PBE. Metodología: Estudio exploratorio descriptivo con enfoque cualitativo. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a 17 líderes de tres hospitales portugueses. Los datos se analizaron mediante análisis de contenido y el programa MAXQDA Analytic Pro 2022. Se garantizaron los presupuestos éticos. Resultados: Surgieron dos temas con sus respectivas categorías − Conocimiento sobre la PBE (Concepto de la PBE, Impacto de la PBE en los resultados sanitarios y Autopercepción del conocimiento sobre la PBE); Papel en la aplicación de la PBE (comportamientos y características). Conclusión: Los líderes describieron su percepción del concepto de PBE y la relación del Impacto de la PBE con los resultados sanitarios, la necesidad de conocimientos y su inversión formativa, así como su papel en este proceso. Los futuros programas de formación deberían aplicarse en este ámbito.

Is the Expression of the Components of the Carotid Matrix of Rats Influenced by Estrogen, Progestin and Tibolone?

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of estrogen alone or in combination with progestogens and tibolone (TIB) on the expression of the extracellular matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9), of perlecan, and of heparanase (HPSE) of the vascular walls of the carotid arteries. METHODS: A total of 30 250-day-old ovariectomized Wistar rats were orally treated for 5 weeks with: a) 1 mg/kg of estradiol benzoate (EB); b) EB + 0.2 mg/kg of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA); c) EB + 0.2mg/kg of norethisterone acetate (NETA); d) EB + 2 mg/kg of dydrogesterone (DI); e) 1 mg/kg of TIB; f) placebo (CTR). Following treatment, the expression of mRNA for MMP-2, MMP-9, and HPSE was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain-reaction (PCR), and the expression of MMP-2, of MMP-9, of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP-2), and of perlecan was quantified by immunohistochemistry in the carotid arteries. RESULTS: The groups showed significant differences on mRNA HPSE expression (p = 0.048), which was higher in the EB, EB + MPA, and TIB groups. There was no statistically significant difference in mRNA MMP-2 or MMP-9 expression. The immunohistochemical expression of MMP-2, of TIMP-2, of MMP-9, of HPSE, and of perlecan showed no differences between groups. CONCLUSION: Estradiol alone or associated with MPA and TIB treatment can increase mRNA HSPE expression of the walls of the carotid arteries in ovariectomized rats.

OBJETIVO: Analisar os efeitos do estrogênio isolado ou em combinação com progestogênios e tibolona (TIB) na expressão das metaloproteinases 2 e 9 da matriz extracelular (MMP-2 e MMP-9), da perlecan e da heparanase (HPSE) das paredes vasculares das artérias carótidas. MéTODOS: Trinta ratas Wistar ovariectomizadas com 250 dias de idade foram tratadas oralmente por 5 semanas com: a) 1 mg/kg de benzoato de estradiol (EB); b) EB + 0,2 mg/kg de acetato de medroxiprogesterona (MPA); c) EB + 0,2mg/kg de acetato de noretisterona (NETA); d) EB + 2 mg/kg de didrogesterona (DI); e) 1 mg/kg de TIB; f) placebo (CTR). Após o tratamento, a expressão de mRNA para MMP-2, MMP-9, e HPSE foi analisada por reação em cadeia da polimerase (RCP) em tempo real, e a expressão de MMP-2, MMP-9, inibidor tecidual de metaloproteinase 2 (TIMP-2), e de perlecan foi quantificado por imunohistoquímica em artérias carótidas. RESULTADOS: Os grupos apresentaram diferenças significativas na expressão do mRNA HPSE (p = 0,048), sendo maiores nos grupos EB, EB + MPA e TIB. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa nas expressões de mRNA MMP-2 ou MMP-9. A expressão imunohistoquímica de MMP-2, TIMP-2, MMP-9, HPSE e perlecan não mostrou diferenças entre os grupos. CONCLUSãO: O estradiol isolado ou associado ao tratamento com MPA e TIB pode aumentar a expressão de mRNA HSPE nas paredes das artérias carótidas em ratas ovariectomizadas.

Effect of Testosterone on Proliferation Markers and Apoptosis in Breasts of Ovariectomized Rats.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the action of testosterone (T), isolated or associated with estradiol benzoate (EB), on the proliferation markers and apoptosis of breasts of ovariectomized rats. METHODS: A total of 48 castrated female Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups, and each of them were submitted to one of the following treatments for 5 weeks: 1) control; 2) EB 50 mcg/day + T 50 mcg/day; 3) T 50mcg/day; 4) EB 50 mcg + T 300 mcg/day; 5) T 300 mcg/day; and 6) EB 50 mcg/day. After the treatment, the mammary tissue was submitted to a histological analysis and immunoexpression evaluation of proliferation markers (proliferating cell nuclear antigen, PCNA) and apoptosis (caspase-3). RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference among the groups regarding microcalcifications and secretory activity, with higher prevalence in the groups treated with EB. There was no difference among the groups regarding atrophy, but a higher prevalence of atrophy was found in the groups that received T versus those that received EB + T. There was a difference among the groups regarding the PCNA (p = 0.028), with higher expression in the group submitted to EB + T 300 mcg/day. Regarding caspase-3, there was no difference among the groups; however, in the group submitted to EB + T 300 mcg/day, the expression was higher than in the isolated T group. CONCLUSION: Isolated T did not have a proliferative effect on the mammary tissue, contrary to EB. Testosterone in combination with EB may or may not decrease the proliferation, depending on the dose of T.

OBJETIVO: Investigar a ação da testosterona (T) isolada ou associada ao benzoato de estradiol (EB) na proliferação e apoptose de mamas de ratas ovariectomizadas. MéTODOS: Um total de 48 ratas Wistar castradas foram divididas em 6 grupos, e cada um foi submetido a um dos seguintes tratamentos durante 5 semanas: 1) controle; 2) BE 50 mcg/dia + T 50 mcg/dia; 3) T 50 mcg/dia; 4) BE 50 mcg + T 300 mcg/dia; e) T 300 mcg/dia; e f) BE 50 mcg/dia. Após o tratamento, o tecido mamário foi submetido a análise histológica e avaliação de imunoexpressão de marcadores de proliferação (antígeno nuclear de células proliferantes, PCNA) e apoptose (caspase-3). RESULTADOS: Houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos com relação às microcalcificações e à atividade secretora, com maior prevalência nos grupos tratados com BE. Não houve diferença entre os grupos quanto à atrofia, mas houve maior prevalência de atrofia nos grupos que receberam T versus os que receberam BE + T. Houve diferença entre os grupos quanto ao ANCP (p = 0,028), com maior expressão no grupo BE + T 300 mcg/dia. Com relação à caspase-3, não houve diferença entre os grupos, mas, no grupo BE + T 300 mcg/dia, a expressão foi maior do que no grupo de T isolada. CONCLUSãO: A T isolada não apresentou efeito proliferativo do tecido mamário, contrariamente ao EB. A T em associação ao EB pode diminuir ou não a proliferação, a depender da dose de T.

Quantification of the CBD-FITC conjugates surface coating on cellulose fibres.

BACKGROUND: Cellulose Binding Domains (CBD) were conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). The surface concentration of the Binding Domains adsorbed on cellulose fibres was determined by fluorescence image analysis. RESULTS: For a CBD-FITC concentration of 60 mg/L, a coating fraction of 78% and 110% was estimated for Portucel and Whatman fibres, respectively. For a saturating CBD concentration, using Whatman CF11 fibres, a surface concentration of 25.2 x 10-13 mol/mm2 was estimated, the equivalent to 4 protein monolayers. This result does not imply the existence of several adsorbed protein layers. CONCLUSION: It was verified that CBDs were able to penetrate the fibres, according to confocal microscopy and TEM-immunolabelling analysis. The surface concentration of adsorbed CBDs was greater on amorphous fibres (phosphoric acid swollen) than on more crystalline ones (Whatman CF11 and Sigmacell 20).

Teor da informação partilhada: Do discurso à documentação na tomada de decisão clínica em enfermagem / Content of shared information: From discourse to documentation in clinical decision-making in nursing / Contenido de la información compartida: Del discurso a la documentación en la toma de decisiones clínicas en enfermería

Resumo Enquadramento: A qualidade dos cuidados depende da informação partilhada oralmente nas transições de cuidados e documentada no processo clínico. Objetivo: Analisar a informação partilhada (oral e escrita) e a sua implicação no âmbito da tomada de decisão clínica em enfermagem e da continuidade de cuidados no serviço de urgência pediátrica, e identificar o paradigma emergente da conceção de cuidados. Metodologia: Abordagem qualitativa, através do estudo de caso, baseado em Yin recorrendo a três métodos: transcrição da passagem de turno, processo documentado e processo realizado pelo perito. Resultados: Maior valorização de dados respeitantes a processos corporais não intencionais, sobretudo na transmissão oral. A informação documentada evidencia maior detalhe no âmbito dos processos adaptativos, contudo incipiente para uma conceção estruturada e intencional da assistência de enfermagem. Conclusão: Sobressai que a informação partilhada oral e escrita, esta focalizada maioritariamente na doença e não tanto na pessoa como um todo. A informação autónoma de enfermagem parece omissa relativamente à dimensão da pessoa, nas respostas humanas às transições e aos processos de vida.

Abstract Background: Quality of care depends on the information shared orally during shift handovers and documented in the clinical records. Objective: To analyze the verbal and written information shared in shift handovers and its impact on clinical decision-making in nursing and the continuity of care in a pediatric emergency ward, as well as identify the emerging paradigm for care. Methodology: Qualitative approach, based on Yin's case study process, using three methods: transcription of the shift handover, documented process, and process carried out by the expert. Results: The results show increased sharing of information about unintentional body processes, especially in oral transmission. Although documented data includes more detailed information about adaptive processes, it is incipient for a structured and intentional conception of nursing care. Conclusion: The verbal and written information shared in shift handovers mainly focuses on the disease rather than the individual as a whole. Autonomous nursing information does not address the dimension of the person, the human responses to transitions, and the life processes.

Resumen Marco contextual: La calidad de los cuidados depende de la información compartida oralmente en las transiciones de cuidados y documentada en la historia clínica. Objetivo: Analizar la información compartida (oral y escrita) y su implicación en la toma de decisiones clínicas en enfermería y en la continuidad de los cuidados en urgencias pediátricas, e identificar el paradigma emergente del diseño de cuidados. Metodología: Enfoque cualitativo, a través del estudio de casos, basado en Yin, en el que se utilizan tres métodos: transcripción del cambio de turno, proceso documentado y proceso llevado a cabo por el experto. Resultados: Mayor valoración de los datos sobre procesos corporales involuntarios, especialmente en la transmisión oral. La información documentada muestra más detalle sobre los procesos adaptativos, pero aún es incipiente para una concepción estructurada e intencional de los cuidados de enfermería. Conclusión: Cabe señalar que la información oral y escrita compartida se centra, sobre todo, en la enfermedad y no en la persona en su conjunto. Parece que falta información autónoma de enfermería en relación con la dimensión de la persona, las respuestas humanas a las transiciones y los procesos vitales.