Comparison of the effects of sodium bicarbonate jet prophylaxis on blood pressure in normotensive individuals and patients with controlled hypertension: a controlled clinical trial.

This study assessed the blood pressure (BP) of normotensive subjects and subjects with pharmacologically controlled hypertension after sodium bicarbonate jet prophylaxis. Forty subjects were divided into 2 groups: a normotensive control group (n = 20) and a hypertensive group (n = 20). Blood pressure measurements were conducted at 4 timepoints: prior to the dental prophylaxis (T0), immediately after treatment (Ti), 15 minutes after treatment (T15), and 30 minutes after treatment (T30). The systolic BP (SBP) values for both groups were significantly increased at Ti (P < 0.05) and returned to their initial state at T15. Both groups also showed a significant increase in diastolic BP (DBP) values at Ti (P < 0.05); however, the basal conditions in hypertensive subjects were not restored until T30, whereas the values for normotensive subjects were restored at T15. The results indicated that systemic BP changed significantly after sodium bicarbonate jet prophylaxis in both study groups; while initial SBP values were restored by 15 minutes in both groups, the return to initial DBP values took longer in the hypertensive group than in the normotensive group.

Severe secondary hyperparathyroidism and panoramic radiography parameters.

OBJECTIVES: Renal osteodystrophy (RO) are skeletal abnormalities seen in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). This study aims to evaluate the effects of RO using panoramic radiography parameters. Furthermore, the correlation between these parameters and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels was tested. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Qualitative (mandibular cortical index/trabecular bone pattern) and quantitative parameters (mental index/calcification and resorption foci) were applied from panoramic radiographs of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and controls. Frequency distribution and descriptive analysis were used to compare the results of both groups. Spearman's correlation coefficient evaluated the correlation between serum PTH levels of CKD patients and the radiographic parameters. Intra- and interobserver agreement was tested using the intraclass correlation coefficient and kappa index. RESULTS: Intra- and interobserver agreement was respectively excellent (0.81-1.00) and good (0.61-0.80). Qualitative parameters demonstrate significant difference compared with the control group. Mean mental index was lower in patients with CKD (3.17 ± 1.35 mm), but the difference was not significant. Calcification/resorption foci (3.63 ± 2.07) of CKD patients were significantly more present than in the control group (p = 0.0001). PTH levels were correlated with mental index, mandibular cortical index and trabecular bone pattern (respectively, 0.0034, 0.0315, and 0.0370). CONCLUSIONS: RO presented a number of characteristic bone metabolic effects in the jaws that could be observed on panoramic radiographs. Radiographs of CKD patients demonstrate significantly more calcification and resorption. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The mental index, mandibular cortical index, and trabecular bone pattern are good parameters for evaluating the effects of RO on severe secondary hyperparathyroidism.

Correlation between hand/wrist and panoramic radiographs in severe secondary hyperparathyroidism.

OBJECTIVES: Hand/wrist and dental radiographs are important for osteoporosis analysis in secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). This study evaluated whether a correlation exists between the effects of the disease on the hands and jaws, and investigated the association between osteoporosis progression in the hands and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four panoramic radiographic parameters (mental index, mandibular cortical index, trabecular bone pattern, and calcification/resorption) and four corresponding hand/wrist radiographic parameters (metacarpal cortical thickness, phalangeal cortical index, trabecular bone pattern, and calcification/resorption) were applied to investigate possible correlation between the effects of SHPT on the jaws and hands/wrists, by Spearman's correlation coefficient. PTH levels and the hand/wrist radiographic parameters were also tested by spearman's correlation coefficient (p < 0.05). The presence of brown tumors, vascular calcifications, and acroosteolysis on the hands was also evaluated. RESULTS: Mandibular cortical index was strongly correlated with the phalangeal cortical index (p = 0.000). Phalangeal cortical index and trabecular bone pattern of hand/wrist correlated with PTH levels (0.002 and 0.000, respectively). Brown tumors occurred in four CKD patients, while both vascular calcifications and acroosteolysis were observed in 19 patients. CONCLUSION: There is a significant correlation between the morphological changes caused by secondary hyperparathyroidism in hand and jaw bones. The morphological status can be assessed using the mandibular cortical index, besides the phalangeal cortical index. The latter correlates well with parathyroid hormone levels of advanced chronic kidney disease. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Panoramic images reveal morphological changes in the jaw bone, indicating likewise changes in the hand/wrist in severe secondary hyperparathyroidism. The severity of the bone changes may be a reflection of the parathyroid hormone levels in advanced chronic kidney disease.

Effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation, laser therapy and LED therapy on the masticatory system and the impact on sleep variables in cerebral palsy patients: a randomized, five arms clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Few studies demonstrate effectiveness of therapies for oral rehabilitation of patients with cerebral palsy (CP), given the difficulties in chewing, swallowing and speech, besides the intellectual, sensory and social limitations. Due to upper airway obstruction, they are also vulnerable to sleep disorders. This study aims to assess the sleep variables, through polysomnography, and masticatory dynamics, using electromiography, before and after neuromuscular electrical stimulation, associated or not with low power laser (Gallium Arsenide- Aluminun, =780 nm) and LED (= 660 nm) irradiation in CP patients. METHODS/DESIGN: 50 patients with CP, both gender, aged between 19 and 60 years will be enrolled in this study. The inclusion criteria are: voluntary participation, patient with hemiparesis, quadriparesis or diparetic CP, with ability to understand and respond to verbal commands. The exclusion criteria are: patients undergoing/underwent orthodontic, functional maxillary orthopedic or botulinum toxin treatment. Polysomnographic and surface electromyographic exams on masseter, temporalis and suprahyoid will be carry out in all sample. Questionnaire assessing oral characteristics will be applied. The sample will be divided into 5 treatment groups: Group 1: neuromuscular electrical stimulation; Group 2: laser therapy; Group 3: LED therapy; Group 4: neuromuscular electrical stimulation and laser therapy and Group 5: neuromuscular electrical stimulation and LED therapy. All patients will be treated during 8 consecutive weeks. After treatment, polysomnographic and electromiographic exams will be collected again. DISCUSSION: This paper describes a five arm clinical trial assessing the examination of sleep quality and masticatory function in patients with CP under non-invasive therapies. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The protocol for this study is registered with the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials - ReBEC RBR-994XFS.

Evaluation of the impact of preoperative use of dexamethasone and cyclobenzaprine in surgical extraction of lower third molars on trismus by electromyographic analysis.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of cyclobenzaprine and dexamethasone on ​the electrical activity of the masticatory muscles in patients who had undergone lower third molar surgery. METHODS: Thirty bilateral impacted lower third molars with indication of extraction were randomised into three groups: the control group, the dexamethasone, and the cyclobenzaprine group. To obtain muscular electrical activity and mouth opening, an electromyographic device was used at mandibular rest and maximum voluntary contraction and compared pre- and post-operatively. RESULTS: During muscle contraction, no significant difference was observed in the electromyographic records on the non-operated side. On the operated side, there was a reduction in electrical activity for both drugs pre-operatively and immediately post-operatively compared to the control group. All pharmacological agents promoted a higher mouth opening compared to control group. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that dexamethasone and cyclobenzaprine may be useful as an adjuvant in the prevention of motor dysfunctions in third molar surgery.

Phenotypic Features and Salivary Parameters in Patients with Ectodermal Dysplasia: Report of Three Cases.

Ectodermal dysplasia (ED) is a rare hereditary disorder affecting the development of ectoderm-derived organs and tissues. The aim of this study was to describe phenotypic features and the therapeutic approach in dentistry among three patients with ED, correlating their data with the literature. Additionally, to investigate the salivary gland disorders and their impacts on oral microbiota, we performed salivary tests, including salivary flow rate, salivary buffering capacity, and concentration levels of mutans streptococci, lactobacilli, and yeasts. All patients presented oligodontia, resulting in a significant masticatory dysfunction and aesthetic impairment. The counts of mutans streptococci (n=3) and yeasts (n=2) were high; on the other hand, the count of lactobacilli (n=3) was low. Therefore, salivary and microbiological tests showed that the patients with ED, particularly the hypohidrotic type, presented a high risk of enamel caries and susceptibility to oral infections, which may be likely triggered by reduction of salivary flow and/or possible immunological disorders.

Differences between the activity of the masticatory muscles of adults with cerebral palsy and healthy individuals while at rest and in function.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to compare the electromyographic activity of masticatory muscles of adult patients with different degrees of oral motor impairment (cerebral palsy) with the electromyographic activity of healthy individuals in a control group. Electromyographic activity was compared when the masticatory muscles were at rest and in motion. DESIGN: Thirty adult patients with cerebral palsy and 30 subjects without neuromotor disorders were enrolled in the present study. Oral motor function impairment was classified for each subject according to the Orofacial Motor Function Assessment Scale. Surface electromyography was bilaterally recorded in the masseter and anterior temporalis muscles at rest, during maximal voluntary clench and mouth opening. Comparisons between the groups were statistically assessed using Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: At rest and mouth opening, electromyographic values were higher among patients with cerebral palsy than control group. During maximal voluntary clench, the opposite occurred. The degree of oral motor impairment affected mouth opening. CONCLUSION: There are significant differences in masticatory muscle activity between adult patients with CP and healthy individuals, and the degree of oral motor impairment is important. SIGNIFICANCE: To improve the masticatory function of these patients, muscle therapy should approach rest, mouth opening and clenching differently.

Clinical and Microbiological Evaluation of Povidone-Iodine 10% as an Adjunct to Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy in Chronic Periodontitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

AIM: To evaluate the clinical and microbiological effects of irrigation with 10% povidone-iodine (PVP-I) as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of chronic periodontitis (ChP). METHODS: Thirty-six subjects with ChP were randomly assigned to receive SRP + irrigation with saline solution (control group) or SRP + irrigation with 10% PVP-I (test group). Subjects received clinical and microbiological evaluation at baseline, 30 and 90 days post-treatment. Six subgingival plaque samples/subject were collected at each time point and individually analyzed for 40 bacterial species by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups at 90 days post-treatment. At 30 days, the test group presented with lower levels of Tannerella forsythia and lower proportions of red complex pathogens in comparison to the control group. However, these benefits were not maintained at 90 days. CONCLUSION: The results of this study were unable to show a significant clinical benefit from the adjunctive use of 10% PVP-I in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. However, the microbiological benefit observed with the use of this substance at 30 days might indicate a role for PVP-I in periodontal care, possibly through its repeated application during supportive therapy.

Masticatory force and electromyographic activity of the mandibular elevators muscles in different rehabilitation treatments / Força mastigatória e atividade eletromiográfica dos músculos elevadores mandibulares em diferentes tratamentos de reabilitação

Objective: The masticatory function is one of the most complex neuropsychological mechanisms in human motor performance and it depends on several factors, such as bite force, muscle coordination, morphology, and number of teeth in occlusion. To evaluate the influence of different rehabilitation treatments such as complete and partial dentures, masticatory forces, and the dynamics of mandibular elevator muscles. Material and Methods: the maximum bite force (force transducer) and electrical activity (superficial electromyography) associated with the masseter and temporal muscles were quantified. These factors were evaluated at rest position and isometric contraction. The data were subjected to descriptive statistics and compared based on the experimental groups, through ANOVA and Tukey's tests. Results: for bite force, the ANOVA test showed statistical difference between groups and Tukey's test showed that the force measured in the removable partial dentures group was 44.75% lower than that of the control group, while for complete denture wearers, there was a reduction of 74.4% in bite force in relation to the control group. For electromyographic activity, there was no statistical difference between groups. Pearson's correlation test (α = 5%) showed positive correlation between the variables of bite force and electromyographic activity only for the control group. Conclusion: it was concluded that the loss of dental elements and their replacement with either partial or complete dentures has a great influence on bite force and electromyographic activity of the masseter and temporal muscles. (AU)

Objetivo: A função mastigatória é um dos mecanismos neuropsicológicos mais complexos no desempenho motor humano e depende de vários fatores, como força de mordida, coordenação muscular, morfologia e número de dentes na oclusão. Avaliar a influência de diferentes tratamentos de reabilitação, como próteses totais e parciais, forças mastigatórias na dinâmica dos músculos elevadores da mandíbula. Material e Métodos: quantificaramse a força máxima de mordida (transdutor de força) e a atividade elétrica (eletromiografia superficial) associadas aos músculos masseteres e temporais. Esses fatores foram avaliados na posição de repouso e contração isométrica. Os dados foram submetidos à estatística descritiva e comparados com base nos grupos experimentais, através dos testes ANOVA e Tukey. Resultados: para força de mordida, o teste ANOVA mostrou diferença estatística entre os grupos e o teste de Tukey mostrou que a força medida no grupo próteses parciais removíveis foi 44,75% menor que a do grupo controle, enquanto para os usuários de prótese total houve redução 74,4% na força de mordida em relação ao grupo controle. Para a atividade eletromiográfica, não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos. O teste de correlação de Pearson (α = 5%) mostrou correlação positiva entre as variáveis força de mordida e atividade eletromiográfica apenas para o grupo controle. Conclusão: concluiu-se que a perda de elementos dentais e sua substituição por próteses parciais ou totais têm grande influência na força de mordida e na atividade eletromiográfica dos músculos masseteres e temporais. (AU)

Electromyographic activity in patient with an inferior implant/tooth-supported overdenture: clinical report / Atividade eletromiográfica de um paciente com prótese inferior implantodentossuportada: Relato de caso clínico

Clinicians can find patients with one mandibular remaining tooth, and it is difficult to decide if the tooth has to be removed. When a clinician decides to maintain the tooth, it is common to question the masticatory load distribution divided between the tooth and implant. This paper reports a clinical case of patient with an implant/tooth-supported overdenture and elucidates the masticatory efficiency by electromyography activity analysis. The objective of this case report was to describe a clinical case of a patient with an implant/tooth-supported overdenture and to discuss the muscle response to this treatment. Electrical activities of the masseter and anterior temporal surfaces at maximum voluntary contraction were evaluated by electromyography during pre-treatment, immediately post-treatment,15 and 60 days after installation. When patienthas one remaining tooth in good condition, theimplant/tooth-supported overdenture can be recommended, to preserve the periodontal ligament and proprioception, and to minimize bone loss. Electromyography analysis showed that implant/tooth-supported overdenture is a viable treatment alternative, in muscular stand point, when the patient has a remaining tooth with good osseous support...

Os dentistas podem encontrar casos em que o paciente possui apenas um dente mandibular remanescente,sendo difícil decidir se o dente deverá ser extraído. Quando o clínico decide manter este dente, é comum surgirem dúvidas sobre como ocorre a distribuição da carga mastigatória em próteses suportadas por dente e implante. Este artigo relata a resposta muscular por meio de atividade eletromiográfica de um paciente reabilitado com uma prótese inferior implantodentossuportada. O objetivo deste artigo foi descrever este caso clínico e discutir a resposta musculatória neste tipo de tratamento. As atividades eletromiográficas dos músculos massetere temporal anterior superficial foram avaliadas durante o pré-tratamento, imediatamente após a instalação da prótese, 15 e 60 dias pós-tratamento.Foi verificado que quando o paciente tem um dente remanescente em condição de ser mantido, a prótese implantodentossuportada pode ser recomendada como tratamento, para preservação do ligamento periodontal e da propriocepção, e para minimizar a perda óssea. A análise eletromiográfica demonstrou que a prótese implantodentossuportada é uma alternativa viável de tratamento, do ponto de vista muscular, quando o paciente possui um dente remanescente com suporte ósseo adequado...

The influence of single-dose dexamethasone on masseter and temporal muscles after impacted lower third molar extraction. Pilot study through electromyography evaluation / Estudo piloto da influência da dexametasona em dose única nos músculos masseter e temporal após exodontia de terceiros molares inferiores inclusos: avaliação por eletromiografia

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of dexamethasone (Decadron®) administered as preoperative single dose (8 mg) on the electrical activity of the masticatory muscles, superficial masseter and anterior temporal, through electromyographic analysis after lower third molar extraction. Twenty patients who required surgical treatment for extraction of these teeth were selected, treated and evaluated. Patients were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: experimental group that received a single dose of dexamethasone 8 mg 1 h before the procedure, or control group that underwent extraction without the use of medication. Ag/AgCl electrodes were used to record the electrical muscle activity before the procedure, after anesthesia, after root section, immediate postoperative and 7, 15 and 30 days postoperatively. EMG data collected were analyzed by analysis of variance and Tukey’s test with a significance level of 5% for intra and intergroup comparisons. The results showed no statistically significant differences in the comparisons within and between groups (p > 0.05). Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the third molar extraction and the use of dexamethasone as a preoperative single dose may not interfere in the muscle electrical activity.

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da dexametasona (Decadron®) administrada em dose única (8 mg) na atividade elétrica dos músculos mastigatórios bilaterais; masseter superficial e temporal anterior, por meio de análise eletromiográfica em procedimentos de exodontia de terceiros molares inferiores inclusos. Foram selecionados, tratados e avaliados 20 pacientes que necessitavam de tratamento cirúrgico para avulsão de terceiro molar inferior incluso e impactado. Os pacientes foram distribuídos, conforme ordem de chegada, para um dos seguintes grupos: Grupo Experimental que receberam dose única de dexametasona 8 mg 1 h antes do procedimento cirúrgico de exodontia de terceiro molar inferior; ou Grupo Controle que foram submetidos a exodontia sem a utilização da medicação. Para o registro eletromiográfico utilizou-se eletrodos de Ag/AgCl para coleta da atividade elétrica muscular previamente ao procedimento, pós-anestesia, pós-odontosecção, pós-cirúrgico imediato e 7, 15 e 30 dias pós-operatório. Os dados eletromiográficos coletados foram submetidos à análise de variância e ao teste de Tukey com nível de significância de 5% para comparação entre os lados operado versus o lado não operado, dentro de todos os tempos para os músculos masseter e temporal. Os resultados demonstraram que não houve diferença estatisticamente significante quando a comparação intra e intergrupos foram realizadas (p > 0,05). Baseado nisso, pode-se concluir que dentro dos limites do presente estudo, que a cirurgia de terceiro molar e o uso da dexametasona em dose única não interferem na atividade elétrica muscular.

Masticatory muscle activity evaluation by electromyography in removable partial denture users / Avaliação da atividade dos músculos da mastigação por eletromiografia em usuários de prótese parcial removível

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate by electromyography the activity of the temporalis and masseter muscles in removable partial dentures (RPDs) users, before and after new RPDs installation. Material and Methods: Ten patients were selected for this study. All subjects were edentulous in the posterior mandibular region (Kennedy class I or II), fully dentate in the antagonist arch, and dental prosthesis users, which needed to be replaced. The electromyographic activity (EMG) recorded the superficial masseter and temporalis muscles, during the maximum voluntary bite force and the rest position. Maximum mouth opening was also verified. The measurements were recorded at four specific times: using the old prosthesis (T0), right after the new prosthesis installation (T1), two weeks (T2) and four weeks (T4) after installing the new prosthesis. All the RPDs were made by an experienced dentist and the same laboratory. Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey tests (α = 0.05). Results: EMG values had high standard deviation at the time T0. Generally, the mean values decreased after new prosthesis installation, especially after two weeks from the installation (T2). During the rest position, the left masseter and left temporalis muscles showed statistically significant gradual decrease in their activities over time. Conclusion: New prostheses have positive effect on the patient’s muscular activity. However, an adaptation period of the muscle fibers to the new prosthesis is needed

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, através de eletromiografia, a atividade dos músculos masseter e temporal em usuários de próteses parciais removíveis (PPR), antes e depois da instalação da nova prótese. Materiais e Métodos: Dez pacientes foram selecionados para este estudo. Todos os indivíduos eram edêntulos na região mandibular posterior (Classes I e II de Kennedy), totalmente dentados no arco antagonista, e usuários de próteses removíveis, com necessidade de substituição. A atividade eletromiográfica (EMG) dos músculos masseter superficial e temporal foi verificada, durante as posições de contração máxima voluntária e repouso. A abertura bucal máxima também foi mensurada. As mensurações foram efetuadas em quatro momentos: durante a utilização da prótese antiga (T0), logo após a instalação da nova prótese (T1), duas semanas (T2) e quatro semanas (T4) após a instalação da nova prótese. Todas as próteses foram fabricadas por um único dentista com experiência e no mesmo laboratório. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pelos testes de ANOVA e Tukey (α = 0,05). Resultados: Os valores de EMG tiveram um alto desvio padrão no momento T0. Em geral, a atividade dos músculos mastigatórios sofreu uma diminuição após a instalação da prótese, especialmente após duas semanas da instalação (T2). Durante a posição de repouso, os músculos masseter e temporal esquerdos demonstraram um decréscimo gradual estatisticamente significativo em suas atividades ao longo do tempo. Conclusão: Novas próteses desempenham efeito positivo sobre a atividade muscular dos pacientes. Ainda, um período de adaptação das fibras musculares com a nova prótese se faz necessário.

Effect of uroguanylin on potassium and bicarbonate transport in rat renal tubules.

The effect of uroguanylin (UGN) on K+ and H+ secretion in the renal tubules of the rat kidney was studied using in vivo stationary microperfusion. For the study of K+ secretion, a tubule was punctured to inject a column of FDC-green-colored Ringer's solution with 0.5 mmol KCl/L+/-10(-6) mol UGN/L, and oil was used to block fluid flow. K+ activity and transepithelial potential differences (PD) were measured with double microelectrodes (K+ ion-selective resin vs. reference) in the distal tubules of the same nephron. During perfusion, K+ activity rose exponentially, from 0.5 mmol/L to stationary concentration, allowing for the calculation of K+ secretion (JK). JK increased from 0.63+/-0.06 nmol.cm-2.s-1 in the control group to 0.85+/-0.06 in the UGN group (p<0.01). PD was -51.0+/-5.3 mV in the control group and -50.3+/-4.98 mV in the UGN group. In the presence of 10(-7) mol iberiotoxin/L, the UGN effect was abolished: JK was 0.37+/-0.038 nmol.cm-2.s-1 in the absence of, and 0.38+/-0.025 in the presence of, UGN, indicating its action on maxi-K channels. In another series of experiments, renal tubule acidification was studied, using a similar method: proximal and distal tubules were perfused with solutions containing 25 mmol NaHCO3/L. Acidification half-time was increased both in proximal and distal segments and, as a consequence, bicarbonate reabsorption decreased in the presence of UGN (in proximal tubules, from 2.40+/-0.26 to 1.56+/-0.21 nmol.cm-2.s-1). When the Na+/H+ exchanger was inhibited by 10(-4) mol hexamethylene amiloride (HMA)/L, the control and UGN groups were not significantly different. In the late distal tubule, after HMA, UGN significantly reduced JHCO3-, indicating an effect of UGN on H+-ATPase. These data show that UGN stimulated JK+ by acting on maxi-K channels, and decreased JHCO3- by acting on NHE3 in proximal and H+-ATPase in distal tubules.

Efeito do Verapamil na reparação óssea alveolar em ratos diabéticos induzidos por Aloxano: estudo histomorfométrico / Histomorphometric analysis of Verapamil effects on alveolar socket depair on eiabetic Alloxan-induced rats

Objetivos: Avaliamos o efeito crônico do Verapamil (agente bloqueador de canais para cálcio) sobre o processo de reparação tecidual em ratos diabéticos. Material e Métodos: Foram utilizados 36 ratos albinos Wistar, subdivididos em três grupos: Controle (C), Diabético(D); Diabético tratado com verapamil IP 10 mg/Kg peso corpóreo/dia (DVe). A indução do diabetes foi promovida pela administração de alloxano (40mg/Kg peso corpóreo) e confirmada através de análise plasmática de glicose (glucosímetro).Todos os animais foram sacrificados nos períodos de 15, 30, 45 e 60 dias após ciriurgia do incisivo central superior, e submetidos a análises histológicas e histomorfométricas. Resultados: Observamos variações significativas nos valores de formação da matriz óssea nos Grupos D e DVe em todos os períodos avaliados. Conclusões: O uso crônico do verapamil (grupo Dve) alterou significativamente a matriz óssea neoformada (p<0.01) quando comparado ao grupo Diabético. A qualidade da estrutura óssea nos grupos induzidos a condição diabética foram semelhantes. A velocidade do processo de reparação tecidual foi maior no grupo Dve comparado ao grupo D (p<0.01).

Produtos finais de glicosilação avançada (age) e a exacerbação da doença periodontal em diabéticos: revisão de literatura / Advanced glycation end products (AGE) and the exacerbation of periodontal disease in diabetics patients: review

Os estudos sobre a patogênese das complicações do diabete têm se direcionado a investigar o papel de compostos biologicamente ativos formados através de ligação da glicose com proteínas ou lipídios, conhecido como AGEs (produtos finais de glicosilação avançada) e a interação com receptores específicos na superfície de membrana celulares (RAGE). Esses compostos e seus receptores estão drasticamente aumentados em indivíduos diabéticos e possuem um papel biopatológico extremamente importante no desenvolvimento e na exacerbação das complicações diabéticas. Sendo o diabete uma condição sistêmica considerada um fator de risco na prevalência e severidade da doença periodontal, faz-se necessário entender os mecanismos dessa interação entre essas doenças e as possíveis alternativas de tratamento. O objetivo desse trabalho é esclarecer o mecanismo de formação de AGEs, bem como suas implicações no processo inflamatório, inclusive na patogeniada doença periodontal e enfatizar as pesquisas que visam interferir na formação ou interação dessas moléculas, a fim de minimizarmos os efeitos da condição sistêmica dos diabéticos.

The complications of diabetes mellitus have been extensively investigated by studies on the pathology of this disease, with the purpose to understand the role of AGEs (advanced glycation end products), active biological components formed through association of glucose with proteins or lipids, as well as their interaction with specific receptor localized in the cellular membrane (RAGE). It has been shown that the AGE-RAGE system increased remarkably in diabetic conditions and has an important participation in the development or exacerbation of diabetic complications. Since the diabetic status is a risk factor in the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease, efforts are necessary to understand the cellular mechanisms involved with AGEs andRAGE in the periodontal disease and possible alternatives of dental treatment. Thus, the aim of this review addresses concerns about how the AGE-RAGE system is produced as well as its implications in the inflammatory process, including the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. We emphasize theongoing research concerning the formation or interaction of the AGE-RAGE system in order to improve quality of life among patients in the diabetic status...