Environmental vulnerability assessment of the Doce River basin, southeastern Brazil.

Environmental vulnerability is an important tool to understand the natural and anthropogenic impacts associated with the susceptibility to environmental damage. This study aims to assess the environmental vulnerability of the Doce River basin in Brazil through Multicriteria Decision Analysis based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS-MCDA). Natural factors (slope, elevation, relief dissection, rainfall, pedology, and geology) and anthropogenic factors (distance from urban centers, roads, mining dams, and land use) were used to determine the environmental vulnerability index (EVI). The EVI was classified into five classes, identifying associated land uses. Vulnerability was verified in water resource management units (UGRHs) and municipalities using hot spot analysis. The study employed the water quality index (WQI) to assess the EVI and global sensitivity analysis (GSA) to evaluate the model input parameters that most influence the basin's environmental vulnerability. The results showed that the regions near the middle Doce River were considered environmentally more vulnerable, especially the UGRHs Guandu, Manhuaçu, and Caratinga; and 35.9% of the basin has high and very high vulnerabilities. Hot spot analysis identified regions with low EVI values (cold spot) in the north and northwest, while areas with high values (hot spot) were concentrated mainly in the middle Doce region. Water monitoring stations with the worst WQI values were found in the most environmentally vulnerable areas. The GSA determined that land use and slope were the primary factors influencing the model's response. The results of this study provide valuable information for supporting environmental planning in the Doce River basin.

Modeling of surface sediment concentration in the Doce River basin using satellite remote sensing.

Surface sediment concentration (SSC) is linked to several problems related to water quality and its monitoring is costly because of the required fieldwork and laboratory analyses. Thus, sediment measurements are often sporadic, punctual, and performed during a short period. Orbital remote sensing allows the monitoring of SSC along the river channel permitting continuous and spatial information. This work had two objectives: (1) to model the surface concentration of sediments in the main channel of the Doce river using data from Multispectral Instrument (MSI)/Sentinel 2 and Operational Land Imager (OLI)/Landsat 8 satellite sensors; and (2) to compare different linear modeling approaches to select the best variables for SSC monitoring. For comparison with actual field data, we used mean SSC measurements in 14 sediment gauge stations from 2013 to 2020. Reflectance data of the MSI/Sentinel 2 and OLI/Landsat 8 satellites bands and spectral indices related to the monitoring of water resources were used as explanatory variables. Simple and multiple linear regression models (SLR and MLR), least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and Elastic Net regression were used to predict the SSC. The near-infrared band images from both MSI/Sentinel 2 and OLI/Landsat 8 satellites showed a strong linear relationship with the SSC. Multiple linear regression, LASSO and Elastic Net regressions showed good performance for SSC prediction. Sediment flow maps show an SSC reduction in the Doce river channel in recent years, indicating that part of the material from the Fundão tailings dam rupture may have been transported through sediment resuspension and transport processes.

Morphometric characteristics and hydrological dynamics in microbasins with different land uses of cerrado soils in Mato Grosso / Características morfométricas e dinâmica hidrológica em microbacias sob diferentes uso do solo do cerrado Mato-Grossense

Understanding the hydrologic regime, and monitoring runoff at the micro-basin scale is critical for understanding water availability, and for managing water resources in strategic biomes such as the cerrado. The objective of this research is to evaluate morphometric characteristics and the hydrologic regime and determine their relationships with soil characteristics and typical land-use in the cerrado biome. To reach this objective morphometric characterization, runoff and precipitation monitoring, and determination of the water retention curve were conducted in three micro-basins in the municipality of Campo Verde, Mato Grosso. These micro-basins each have a different, but regionally typical land use and were selected strategically to represent this area of cerrado: agriculture, pasture and native vegetation. The results obtained allow for the analysis of the hydrologic regime throughout the period measured. Micro-basins with native vegetation and pasture, with greater altimetric range and more sandy soils, show greater erosion. Despite this, the micro-basin with pasture cover showed greater regulation of runoff. The micro-basin with agriculture showed less regularization of water flux due to the physical characteristics of the local soils.

O conhecimento e monitoramento da vazão, assim como o entendimento do regime hidrológico a nível de microbacias tem sido relevante para se determinar a disponibilidade hídrica, assim como promover o gerenciamento dos recursos hídricos em biomas considerados estratégicos como o cerrado. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar as características morfométricas e o regime hidrológico e sua relação com as características do solo bem como do seu uso em três microbacias no bioma cerrado. Para alcançar o objetivo proposto, fez-se a caracterização morfométrica, o monitoramento da vazão e da precipitação diária e elaboração da curva de permanência de três microbacias hidrográficas localizadas no município de Campo Verde-MT contemplando os seguintes usos: agricultura, pastagem e vegetação nativa. Essas bacias foram selecionadas estrategicamente por serem representativas dos principais sistemas de uso do solo na região de cerrado. Os resultados obtidos permitem ponderar que há diferença no regime hidrológico das microbacias hidrográficas ao longo do período analisado. As microbacias com vegetação nativa e com pastagem, por terem maior amplitude altimétrica, além de apresentarem solos de textura arenosa, são mais propensas à erosão hídrica. A microbacia com pastagem apresentou maior regularidade na vazão e, a microbacia com agricultura uma menor regularização do fluxo hidrológico em função das características físicas dos solos que compõe a microbacia.

Morphometric characteristics and hydrological dynamics in microbasins with different land uses of cerrado soils in Mato Grosso / Características morfométricas e dinâmica hidrológica em microbacias sob diferentes uso do solo do cerrado Mato-Grossense

Understanding the hydrologic regime, and monitoring runoff at the micro-basin scale is critical for understanding water availability, and for managing water resources in strategic biomes such as the cerrado. The objective of this research is to evaluate morphometric characteristics and the hydrologic regime and determine their relationships with soil characteristics and typical land-use in the cerrado biome. To reach this objective morphometric characterization, runoff and precipitation monitoring, and determination of the water retention curve were conducted in three micro-basins in the municipality of Campo Verde, Mato Grosso. These micro-basins each have a different, but regionally typical land use and were selected strategically to represent this area of cerrado: agriculture, pasture and native vegetation. The results obtained allow for the analysis of the hydrologic regime throughout the period measured. Micro-basins with native vegetation and pasture, with greater altimetric range and more sandy soils, show greater erosion. Despite this, the micro-basin with pasture cover showed greater regulation of runoff. The micro-basin with agriculture showed less regularization of water flux due to the physical characteristics of the local soils.(AU)

O conhecimento e monitoramento da vazão, assim como o entendimento do regime hidrológico a nível de microbacias tem sido relevante para se determinar a disponibilidade hídrica, assim como promover o gerenciamento dos recursos hídricos em biomas considerados estratégicos como o cerrado. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar as características morfométricas e o regime hidrológico e sua relação com as características do solo bem como do seu uso em três microbacias no bioma cerrado. Para alcançar o objetivo proposto, fez-se a caracterização morfométrica, o monitoramento da vazão e da precipitação diária e elaboração da curva de permanência de três microbacias hidrográficas localizadas no município de Campo Verde-MT contemplando os seguintes usos: agricultura, pastagem e vegetação nativa. Essas bacias foram selecionadas estrategicamente por serem representativas dos principais sistemas de uso do solo na região de cerrado. Os resultados obtidos permitem ponderar que há diferença no regime hidrológico das microbacias hidrográficas ao longo do período analisado. As microbacias com vegetação nativa e com pastagem, por terem maior amplitude altimétrica, além de apresentarem solos de textura arenosa, são mais propensas à erosão hídrica. A microbacia com pastagem apresentou maior regularidade na vazão e, a microbacia com agricultura uma menor regularização do fluxo hidrológico em função das características físicas dos solos que compõe a microbacia.(AU)

Productivity and nutritional value of elephant grass BRS Canará forage / Produtividade e valor nutricional da forragem de capim-elefante BRS Canará

The goal was to determine the ideal cutting age of elephant grass BRS Canará for forage production in the dry and rainy seasons. The experimental design comprised randomized blocks, with five treatments (42, 56, 70, 84, and 98 days in the dry season and 42, 60, 76, 91, and 105 days of regrowth in the rainy season) and four replications each. Agronomic, morphological, and chemical characteristics were evaluated. In the dry season, there was a significant quadratic response for plant height and leaf blade length. For the other characteristics, a significant linear response was observed, except stem diameter. In the rainy season, a quadratic response for the leaf blade length, leaf blade width, and leaf:stem ratio was observed. For the other characteristics, there was a significant linear effect, except for the percentage of dead material. In the dry season, a verified linear response was observed for the chemical characteristics, except neutral detergent insoluble protein. In the rainy season, a linear response was verified for all evaluated characteristics, except acid detergent insoluble protein. Elephant grass BRS Canará for forage production should be cut between 70 and 85 days in the dry season and between 60 and 70 days of regrowth in the rainy season.

Objetivou-se determinar a idade de corte ideal do capim-elefante BRS Canará para produção de forragem no período da seca e das águas. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos (42, 56, 70, 84 e 98 dias no período da seca e 42, 60, 76, 91 e 105 dias no período das águas) e quatro repetições cada. Foram avaliadas características agronômicas, morfológicas e químicas. No período da seca verificou-se resposta quadrática significativa para altura de planta e comprimento de lâmina foliar. Para as demais características constatou-se resposta linear significativa, com exceção de diâmetro de colmo. No período das águas verificou-se resposta quadrática para comprimento de lâmina foliar, largura de lâmina foliar e relação folha: colmo. Para as demais características verificaram-se efeito linear significativo, com exceção de porcentagem de material senescente. Na seca verificou-se resposta linear das características químicas, exceto para proteína insolúvel em detergente neutro (% MS). No período das águas, verificou-se resposta linear para todas as características avaliadas, exceto para proteína insolúvel em detergente ácido (% PB). O capim-elefante BRS Canará para produção de forragem deve ser cortado entre 70 e 85 dias no período da seca e entre 60 e 70 dias no período das águas.

Productivity and nutritional value of elephant grass BRS Canará forage / Produtividade e valor nutricional da forragem de capim-elefante BRS Canará

The goal was to determine the ideal cutting age of elephant grass BRS Canará for forage production in the dry and rainy seasons. The experimental design comprised randomized blocks, with five treatments (42, 56, 70, 84, and 98 days in the dry season and 42, 60, 76, 91, and 105 days of regrowth in the rainy season) and four replications each. Agronomic, morphological, and chemical characteristics were evaluated. In the dry season, there was a significant quadratic response for plant height and leaf blade length. For the other characteristics, a significant linear response was observed, except stem diameter. In the rainy season, a quadratic response for the leaf blade length, leaf blade width, and leaf:stem ratio was observed. For the other characteristics, there was a significant linear effect, except for the percentage of dead material. In the dry season, a verified linear response was observed for the chemical characteristics, except neutral detergent insoluble protein. In the rainy season, a linear response was verified for all evaluated characteristics, except acid detergent insoluble protein. Elephant grass BRS Canará for forage production should be cut between 70 and 85 days in the dry season and between 60 and 70 days of regrowth in the rainy season.(AU)

Objetivou-se determinar a idade de corte ideal do capim-elefante BRS Canará para produção de forragem no período da seca e das águas. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos (42, 56, 70, 84 e 98 dias no período da seca e 42, 60, 76, 91 e 105 dias no período das águas) e quatro repetições cada. Foram avaliadas características agronômicas, morfológicas e químicas. No período da seca verificou-se resposta quadrática significativa para altura de planta e comprimento de lâmina foliar. Para as demais características constatou-se resposta linear significativa, com exceção de diâmetro de colmo. No período das águas verificou-se resposta quadrática para comprimento de lâmina foliar, largura de lâmina foliar e relação folha: colmo. Para as demais características verificaram-se efeito linear significativo, com exceção de porcentagem de material senescente. Na seca verificou-se resposta linear das características químicas, exceto para proteína insolúvel em detergente neutro (% MS). No período das águas, verificou-se resposta linear para todas as características avaliadas, exceto para proteína insolúvel em detergente ácido (% PB). O capim-elefante BRS Canará para produção de forragem deve ser cortado entre 70 e 85 dias no período da seca e entre 60 e 70 dias no período das águas.(AU)