Active and sedentary behaviours in children aged 7 to 10 years old: the urban and rural contexts, Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Although the effects of physical activity (PA) on health and wellness are well-established, incorporating sedentary behaviours in the daily lives of populations from high- and medium-income countries is becoming increasingly common. Regardless of other factors, the area of residence can influence the physical activity level and sedentary behaviours. The aim of this study was to identify and analyse active and sedentary behaviours and factors associated with physical activity in two different geographical areas in south-eastern Brazil. METHODS: 1.770 schoolchildren aged 7-10 years old were studied. Parents or caregivers completed a validated questionnaire on PA and sedentary behaviours. Screen time (ST) was calculated from the time spent watching television, playing video games and using the computer. The level of active PA (>300 minutes per week) was identified and compared between the areas of study. Parametric and non-parametric tests and Poisson regression model with robust variance were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Compared to schoolchildren from the urban area, those from the rural area showed a higher percentage of compliance with the PA recommendations (87 vs. 69.7%) and screen time <2 h (34.8 vs. 18.8%) and less participation in supervised PA. Active commuting to school was more common among schoolchildren from urban areas, although using a bicycle was more common in rural areas. The characteristics of children who do not meet the recommended weekly PA are as follows: being female, living in urban areas, being overweight, not using video games or performing supervised PA. Total ST as well as daily use of television and the computer was not associated with physical activity level in the present sample. Participation in supervised physical activities in both areas was found to increase the prevalence of being active in the areas studied. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study suggest that while schoolchildren from rural areas are more active and spend less time on sedentary activities than those from the urban area, the time spent in sedentary behaviors, such as watching television, playing video games and using the computer, is high in both contexts, and it is not associated with physical activity recommendation compliance.

Prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em professores da Universidade Federal de Viçosa / Prevalence of overweight and obesity in professors of Universidade Federal de Viçosa

OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade, além de verificar a influência da massa corporal nos níveis glicêmicos dos professores da UFV. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional com delineamento transversal em amostra de professores da UFV (n = 145), com idades entre 25 e 67 anos. A coleta de dados envolveu as medidas antropométricas de estatura, massa corporal (MC), dobras cutâneas, circunferência abdominal (CA) e perímetros de cintura e quadril. Foi também realizado análise de microamostras sanguíneas de glicemia de jejum. A análise estatística constituiu na exploração descritiva e no cálculo das prevalências das variáveis estudadas. Para verificação da influência da MC nos níveis glicêmicos, utilizou-se o teste de correlação de Pearson. RESULTADOS: O percentual de gordura aponta que 39 por cento da população apresentaram valores que estavam na faixa que os classificam como insuficientes. Valores de CA acima do limite superior foram encontrados em 43,69 por cento dos homens, e em 54,76 por cento das mulheres. Quanto ao índice cintura-quadril (ICQ), 18,62 por cento dos avaliados apresentaram risco alto ou muito alto para doenças cardiovasculares. A prevalência de excesso de peso foi de 51,04 por cento. Foram encontrados valores anormais de glicemia em 4,83 por cento da população. As correlações entre a MC, IMC e CA com os níveis glicêmicos foram positivas, porém apresentaram-se fracas. Somente o IMC no sexo masculino e o ICQ em ambos os gêneros não apresentaram correlação. CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade encontrada no presente estudo se mostrou elevada; porém, a massa corporal não demonstrou forte influência sobre os níveis glicêmicos dos professores da UFV.

OBJECTIVE: To determinate the overweight and obesity prevalence, besides to verify the body mass influence on glycemic levels of UFV teachers. METHODS: Observation study with traverse delineation on sample with UFV professors (n = 145), between 25 and 67 years old. The data collection involved the anthropometric measure of height, body mass (BM), skinfold, abdominal circumference (AC), and waist and hip perimeters. So, it was also carried out analysis of micro-blood samples from fasting glucose. The statistical analysis was constituted by descriptive exploration and the calculo's of studied variables. For the verification of body mass influence on glycemic levels was used the Perason's test of correlation. RESULTS: The fat percentage showed that 39 percent of population was on the strip classified as insufficient. Values of abdominal circumference above the higher limit were found in 43,69 percent of men and 54,76 percent of women. In relation the waist-hip index 18,62 percent of the evaluated showed higher risks or so much risk for cardiovascular diseases. The overweight prevalence was of 51,04 percent. There was found unusual glycemia values in 4,83 percent of population. The correlations between BM, IMC and AC with glycemic levels were positive, but were weak. Just on masculine gender the IMC and the ICQ on both genders showed no correlation. CONCLUSION: The overweight and obesity found on this present study was elevated; but the body mass didn't demonstrate strong influence on glycemic levels of UFV's professors.

Associação entre risco cardiovascular e hipertensão arterial em professores universitários / Association between cardiovascular risk and hypertension in universities professors

A hipertensão arterial é uma das mais importantes causas modificáveis de morbi-mortalidade cardiovascular precoce na população adulta mundial, além de ser fator de risco independente para doenças cardiovasculares. Assim objetivou-se verificar a associação entre indicadores de risco cardiovascular e hipertensão arterial em professores universitários. Foram avaliados 145 professores da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), no ano de 2009, analisando-se as variáveis: sexo, idade, índice de massa corporal (IMC), relação cintura/quadril (RCQ), circunferência abdominal (CA), percentual de gordura ( por centoG), colesterol total (CT), triacilglicerol (TG), glicose, pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD) de repouso e consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2máx). Utilizou-se o teste ANOVA one way para comparação entre indivíduos normotensos e pré-hipertensos e hipertensos. Calculou-se a razão de chances de desenvolvimento de quadros de PA elevada entre os indivíduos que apresentavam níveis indicativos de risco cardiovascular. Todos os tratamentos possuíram nível de significância de p < 0,05. Os homens apresentaram valores significativamente maiores para idade, peso, estatura, IMC, RCQ, CA, PAS e PAD. Já as mulheres possuíam um por centoG significativamente elevado. Os indivíduos com níveis pressóricos elevados apresentaram valores maiores para todas as variáveis, à exceção do VO2máx. Observou-se associação os fatores de risco e elevação da PA somente para as variáveis: sexo, idade, IMC, CA, por centoG e TG. Conclui-se que o gênero, a idade, o IMC, a circunferência abdominal, o percentual de gordura corporal e os triacilgliceróis foram considerados indicadores de risco cardiovascular por apresentarem associação com a hipertensão arterial na amostra de professores avaliados.

Hypertension is one of the most important modifiable causes of precocious cardiovascular morbid-mortality in the adult population worldwide, and it's an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Thus we aimed to investigate the association between cardiovascular risk and blood pressure on universities professors. 145 professors from Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV) were evaluated, in 2009, analyzing the variables: gender, age, body mass index (BMI), waist / hip ratio (WHR), abdominal circumference (AC), percent body fat ( percent BF), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), glucose, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) at rest and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). We used ANOVA one way test for comparison between normotensive and prehypertensive and hypertensive individuals. It was calculated the odds ratio of high BP expansion among individuals who had indicative levels of cardiovascular risk. All treatments possessed a significance level of p < 0.05. Men showed significantly higher values for age, weight, height, BMI, WHR, AC, SBP and DBP. The women have had significantly higher percent BF. Individuals with high blood pressure had higher values for all variables, except for VO2max. Association between risk factors and blood pressure increase was only observed to gender, age, BMI, percent BF and BT. It is concluded that gender, age, BMI, abdominal circumference, percentage body fat and triglycerides were considered risk factors for cardiovascular disease associated with hypertension in the sample of professors evaluated.

Correlação entre a ressonância magnética e a ultra-sonografia com duplex scan colorido no diagnóstico da trombose venosa profunda dos membros inferiores / Correlation between magnetic resonance and duplex color ultrasonographic in diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis in lower limbs

Correlação entre a ressonância magnética e a ultra-sonografia com Duplex Scan colorido no diagnóstico da trombose venosa profunda dos membros inferiores.Foram avaliados 26 pacientes, por Duplex Scan colorido (US), e ressonância magnética (RM), com administração de contraste via pediosa para detecção de trombose venosa dos membros inferiores.Objetivos: avaliar a concordância diagnóstica entre os métodos, por segmentos vasculares e corporais (141), a confiabilidade interobservadores na RM, avaliar a sensibilidade e especificidade do US em relação à RM.Conclusões: houve boa correlação entre US e RM exceto na pelve. Houve boa confiabilidade interobservadores na RM. A sensibilidade e especificidade variaram de acordo com segmentos corporais.

Correlation between magnetic resonance and Duplex color sonography in diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis in lower limbs.Methods: 26 patients were submitted to Duplex color sonography (US) and magnetic resonance (MR) using paramagnetic contrast into pedal vein to detect deep venous trombosis in lower limbs.Objective: to asses the agreement in diagnosis between the methods by vascular and body segments (141), the trustworthy inter observers at MR, the sensitivity and specifity of US en relation to MR.Conclusions: there was a good correlation between US and MR, except in pelvis. There was a good trustworthy inter observers at MR. The sensitivity and specifity of US varied by body parts.