RESUMO
Turner syndrome (TS) is characterized by a set of clinical conditions, including autoimmune/inflammatory diseases and infectious conditions, that can compromise a patient's quality of life. Here we assessed polymorphisms in CTLA-4 +49A/G (rs231775), PTPN22 +1858G/A (rs2476601), and MBL2 -550 (H/L) (rs11003125), -221(X/Y) (rs7096206) and exon 1 (A/O) in women from northeastern Brazil to determine whether polymorphisms within these key immune response genes confer differential susceptibility to clinical conditions in TS. A case-control genetic association study was performed, including 86 female TS patients and 179 healthy women. An association was observed for the A/G genotype of CTLA-4 +49A/G in TS patients (p=0.043, odds ratio [OR]=0.54). In addition, an association between the CTLA-4 G/G genotype and obesity was detected in TS patients (p=0.02, OR=6.04). Regarding, the -550(H/L) polymorphism in the MBL2 promoter, the frequency of the H/L genotype was significantly higher in the TS group than healthy controls (p=0.01, OR=1.96). The H/H genotype indicated a protective effect in TS patients (p=0.01, OR=0.23). No differences were observed in the distribution of -221(X/Y), MBL2 exon 1 variants, and PTPN22 +1858G/A in any assessed groups. CTLA-4 variants are potentially involved in obesity in this cohort of TS patients from northeastern Brazil.
RESUMO
Folate metabolism dysfunction can lead to DNA hypomethylation and abnormal chromosomal segregation. Previous investigations of this association have produced controversial results. Here we performed a case-control study in patients with Turner syndrome (TS) to determine the effects of genetic polymorphisms of folate pathway genes as potential risk factors for somatic chromosomal nondisjunction. TS is a useful model for this investigation because patients with TS show a high frequency of chromosome mosaicism. Here we investigated the possible association of polymorphisms of the MTHFR gene with TS risk, which has been previously investigated with controversial results. We also examined the effects of MTR, RFC1, and TYMS gene polymorphisms in TS for the first time. The risk was evaluated according to allelic and genotype (independent and combined) frequencies among 70 patients with TS and 144 age-matched healthy control subjects. Polymorphism genotyping was performed by PCR, PCR-RFLP, and PCR-ASA. The polymorphisms MTHFR 677C>T and 1298A>C, MTR 2756A>G, RFC1 80G>A, and TYMS 2R/3R-alone or in combinations-were not associated with the risk of chromosomal aneuploidy in TS. In conclusion, our present findings did not support a link between impaired folate metabolism and abnormal chromosome segregation leading to somatic nondisjunction in TS patients.
Assuntos
Ácido Fólico/metabolismo , Metilenotetra-Hidrofolato Redutase (NADPH2)/genética , Não Disjunção Genética/fisiologia , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Transdução de Sinais/genética , Síndrome de Turner/genética , 5-Metiltetra-Hidrofolato-Homocisteína S-Metiltransferase/genética , Estudos Transversais , Análise Citogenética , Genótipo , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Não Disjunção Genética/genética , Razão de Chances , Mutação Puntual/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , Proteína de Replicação C/genética , Fatores de Risco , Timidilato Sintase/genéticaRESUMO
Turner syndrome (TS) is a common genetic disorder in females associated with the absence of complete or parts of a second sex chromosome. In 5-12% of patients, mosaicism for a cell line with a normal or structurally abnormal Y chromosome is identified. The presence of Y-chromosome material is of medical importance because it results in an increased risk of developing gonadal tumours and virilisation. Molecular study and fluorescence in situ hybridisation approaches were used to study 74 Brazilian TS patients in order to determine the frequency of hidden Y-chromosome mosaicism, and to infer the potential risk of developing malignancies. Additionally, we describe one TS girl with a very uncommon karyotype 46,X,der(X)t(X;Y)(p22.3?2;q11.23) comprising a partial monosomy of Xp22.3?2 together with a partial monosomy of Yq11.23. The presence of cryptic Y-chromosome-specific sequences was detected in 2.7% of the cases. All patients with Y-chromosome-positive sequences showed normal female genitalia with no signs of virilisation. Indeed, the clinical data from Y-chromosome-positive patients was very similar to those with Y-negative results. Therefore, we recommend that the search for hidden Y-chromosome mosaicism should be carried out in all TS cases and not be limited to virilised patients or carriers of a specific karyotype.
Assuntos
Cromossomos Humanos X , Cromossomos Humanos Y , Genitália Feminina/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Mosaicismo , Translocação Genética , Síndrome de Turner/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Testes Genéticos/métodos , Humanos , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Cariótipo , Cariotipagem , Monossomia , Fenótipo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Síndrome de Turner/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Turner/fisiopatologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Interleukin 18 (IL-18) is a cytokine that plays an important role in the Th1 response, by its ability to induce IFN-γ production in T cells and natural killer cells. Functional variants of IL18 gene has been reported as associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D). In the present study were analyzed three promoter single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), at -656 (rs1946519), -607 (rs1946518) and -137 (rs187238) position, in 181 children and adolescents with T1D and 122 healthy individuals, both from metropolitan area of Recife, Northeast of Brazil. T1D patients were stratified according to the presence autoimmune thyroiditis and celiac disease. Allele and genotype frequencies of IL18 SNPs were Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in patients and controls. The allele -137G and the haplotype -656G/-607C/-137G were more frequent in T1D patients (OR=1.82 and 1.97, respectively) then in healthy controls. However, those SNPs were not associated with the age of T1D onset as well as with the insurgence of AITD and/or CD in concomitant with T1D patients. Our findings suggest an association between IL18 promoter SNPs and susceptibility to T1D in Brazilian patients.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/genética , Interleucina-18/genética , Idade de Início , Brasil , Doença Celíaca/complicações , Doença Celíaca/genética , Feminino , Estudos de Associação Genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , Humanos , Masculino , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , Tireoidite Autoimune/complicações , Tireoidite Autoimune/genéticaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency of the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype and its associated factors in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: This is an observational analytical study with individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus, aged 5 to 18 years, of both genders, followed in a university hospital in the Brazilian Northeast. Weight, height, and waist circumference were measured, and the lipid profile and glycated hemoglobin were analyzed. The hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype was defined by the simultaneous presence of increased waist circumference (≥90th percentile for age and gender) and elevated serum triglyceride levels (≥75 mg/dL for children and ≥90 mg/dL for adolescents). We also investigated the family history of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, as well as sociodemographic and behavioral variables. In the statistical inference tests, the proportions were compared by Pearson's chi-square test -and/-or Fisher's exact test, being significant p<0.05. RESULTS: A total of 102 patients were evaluated, most of them females (54.9%) and adolescents (66.7%). The frequency of hypertriglyceridemic waist was 23.5%, which was associated with females (p=0.043), overweight (p=0.023), hypercholesterolemia (p=0.002), high LDL (p=0.001), and borderline VLDL (<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype was associated with females, atherogenic lipid profile, and overweight, indicating the importance of the nutritional monitoring of this population, aiming at reducing future cardiovascular diseases.
Assuntos
Fatores de Risco Cardiometabólico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/epidemiologia , Cintura Hipertrigliceridêmica/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/sangue , Exercício Físico , Feminino , Humanos , Hipercolesterolemia/epidemiologia , Cintura Hipertrigliceridêmica/sangue , Cintura Hipertrigliceridêmica/diagnóstico , Masculino , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
In our study we investigated the possible role of MBL2 functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the augmented susceptibility to develop other autoimmune diseases in presence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in a group of Brazilian patients. Patients were stratified for the presence of autoimmune diseases known to be associated with T1D, such as autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and celiac disease (CD), and compared with healthy controls (HC). Our findings suggest that MBL2 functional SNPs are more closely related to AITD than to T1D, being MBL2 SNPs frequencies in T1D patients not affected by AITD comparable to the HC ones, while significantly different between AITD patients and patients not affected by the disease. Thus, the association between MBL2 polymorphisms and T1D that we previously reported, seems to result from the stronger association of MBL2 SNPs with another autoimmune disease, the AITD, frequently associated with T1D.
Assuntos
Doenças Autoimunes/complicações , Doenças Autoimunes/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Lectina de Ligação a Manose/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Adolescente , Doenças Autoimunes/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Padrões de ReferênciaRESUMO
Patients with an autoimmune condition are known to be at higher risk of developing other autoimmune disorders. Type 1 diabetes may be associated with additional autoimmune disorders including autoimmune thyroid disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies in a group of children, adolescents, and young adults with type 1 diabetes from northeastern Brazil as well as their significance for the development of thyroid disorders. The study design was cross-sectional and descriptive, analyzing young people with a previous type 1 diabetes diagnosis. Two hundred and fourteen children and adolescents with prior diagnosis of type 1 diabetes were evaluated. Antibodies to thyroperoxidase (anti-TPO) were determined in all patients and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. The anti-TPO antibody test was positive in 54 out of the 214 patients studied, resulting in an overall prevalence of 25.2%. Among the anti-TPO-positive subjects, females were predominant (72%) over males (28%) (p < 0.001). A total of 55.5% patients with positive anti-TPO antibodies had abnormal TSH levels. Clinically significant hypothyroidism was found in 29.6% and subclinical hypothyroidism in 22.2% of patients with positive anti-TPO. Hyperthyroidism was present in only 3% of them. Our results demonstrate the high prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis in patients with type 1 diabetes and the need for these patients of regular screening to make a precocious diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction.
Assuntos
Autoanticorpos/imunologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/imunologia , Hipotireoidismo/imunologia , Adolescente , Autoanticorpos/sangue , Doenças Autoimunes/epidemiologia , Doenças Autoimunes/imunologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Comorbidade , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertireoidismo/epidemiologia , Hipertireoidismo/imunologia , Hipotireoidismo/epidemiologia , Iodeto Peroxidase/imunologia , Masculino , Prevalência , Tireotropina/sangue , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Mannose-binding lectin is an important constituent of the innate immune system, the serum levels of which are greatly affected by polymorphisms of the MBL2 gene: three polymorphisms in exon 1, as well as nucleotide variations in the promoter region of the gene, have been associated with protein deficiency and some infectious and autoimmune disease. The aim of this study was to investigate a possible association between MBL2 gene polymorphisms in patients who have developed type 1 diabetes during childhood and adolescence. We evaluated MBL2 gene polymorphisms in 214 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes and compared them with a healthy control group, finding significant differences in genotypic and allelic frequencies (p = 0.004 and p = 0.0008, respectively). Our results suggest that patients with type 1 diabetes possessing the 0 allele have a higher risk for developing type 1 diabetes during childhood and adolescence, and that this risk factor is not related to age at diagnosis.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/genética , Lectina de Ligação a Manose/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Adolescente , Idade de Início , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/epidemiologia , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Genótipo , Humanos , Lactente , MasculinoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The association between celiac disease and diabetes mellitus has been known for many decades. This combination can be observed in a large proportion of diabetic patients, who are generally asymptomatic. The objective of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of celiac disease in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study employing antibody IgA anti-transglutaminase for the serological screening of 354 diabetic children and adolescents treated at pediatric endocrinology clinics in Recife, state of Pernambuco, during the period from January to June 2004. RESULTS: The human anti-transglutaminase test was positive in 37/354 patients, resulting in a seroprevalence of 10.5% (95%CI 7.6-14.2%). Male patients predominated (56.8%) over female patients (43.2%) among those that were seropositive, but without statistical significance. Anti-endomysial antibody testing was performed on patients with positive human anti-transglutaminase results, being negative in 14/37 (37.8%) and positive in 22/37 (59.5%). CONCLUSIONS: The seroprevalence of celiac disease found in diabetic children and adolescents in Pernambuco is elevated, being comparable with levels observed in studies in North America and Europe and lower than in Africa, suggesting that serological screening for celiac disease should be performed for all children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Assuntos
Autoanticorpos/sangue , Doença Celíaca/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Autoanticorpos/imunologia , Biomarcadores , Brasil/epidemiologia , Doença Celíaca/sangue , Doença Celíaca/imunologia , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/imunologia , Feminino , Gliadina/imunologia , Humanos , Masculino , Programas de Rastreamento , Prevalência , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Transglutaminases/imunologiaRESUMO
The objective of this review was to present an update of the currently managed studies on the characterization physical, chemical, and sensory analysis of several tomato cultivars. This review has indicated the importance of farming system and genotype on sensory and biochemical characteristics. It is necessary to use selected genotypes responding positively to organic farming in terms of sensory, biochemical characteristics and productivity aspects and to evaluate systems over more than one year of sampling.
RESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the frequency of the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype and its associated factors in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Methods: This is an observational analytical study with individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus, aged 5 to 18 years, of both genders, followed in a university hospital in the Brazilian Northeast. Weight, height, and waist circumference were measured, and the lipid profile and glycated hemoglobin were analyzed. The hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype was defined by the simultaneous presence of increased waist circumference (≥90th percentile for age and gender) and elevated serum triglyceride levels (≥75 mg/dL for children and ≥90 mg/dL for adolescents). We also investigated the family history of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, as well as sociodemographic and behavioral variables. In the statistical inference tests, the proportions were compared by Pearson's chi-square test and/or Fisher's exact test, being significant p<0.05. Results: A total of 102 patients were evaluated, most of them females (54.9%) and adolescents (66.7%). The frequency of hypertriglyceridemic waist was 23.5%, which was associated with females (p=0.043), overweight (p=0.023), hypercholesterolemia (p=0.002), high LDL (p=0.001), and borderline VLDL (<0.001). Conclusions: The frequency of the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype was associated with females, atherogenic lipid profile, and overweight, indicating the importance of the nutritional monitoring of this population, aiming at reducing future cardiovascular diseases.
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a frequência do fenótipo cintura hipertrigliceridêmica e analisar seus fatores associados em crianças e adolescentes portadores de diabetes melito tipo 1. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional analítico com indivíduos com diabetes melito tipo 1, de cinco a 18 anos de idade, de ambos os sexos, acompanhados em um hospital universitário do Nordeste brasileiro. Foram realizadas medidas de peso, altura e circunferência da cintura, além da análise do perfil lipídico e da hemoglobina glicada. O fenótipo cintura hipertrigliceridêmica foi definido pela presença simultânea da circunferência da cintura aumentada (≥percentil 90 por idade e sexo) e dos níveis séricos de triglicerídeos elevados (≥75 mg/dL para crianças e ≥90 mg/dL para adolescentes). Investigaram-se, ainda, os antecedentes familiares para doenças cardiovasculares e diabetes, e também variáveis sociodemográficas e comportamentais. Nos testes de inferência estatística, as proporções foram comparadas pelo teste do qui-quadrado de Pearson e/ou exato de Fisher, sendo significante p<0,05. Resultados: Foram avaliados 102 pacientes, com predomínio do sexo feminino (54,9%) e de adolescentes (66,7%). A frequência de cintura hipertrigliceridêmica foi de 23,5%; a qual apresentou associação com o sexo feminino (p=0,043), excesso de peso (p=0,023), hipercolesterolemia (p=0,002), LDL elevado (p=0,001) e VLDL em valores limítrofes (<0,001). Conclusões: A frequência do fenótipo cintura hipertrigliceridêmica foi associada ao sexo feminino, ao perfil lipídico aterogênico e ao excesso ponderal, evidenciando a importância do acompanhamento nutricional dessa população, visando à redução de agravos cardiovasculares futuros.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/epidemiologia , Cintura Hipertrigliceridêmica/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco Cardiometabólico , Brasil/epidemiologia , Exercício Físico , Fatores Sexuais , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/sangue , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Cintura Hipertrigliceridêmica/diagnóstico , Cintura Hipertrigliceridêmica/sangue , Hipercolesterolemia/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disorder featured by raised glucoses levels. It has been hypothesised that raised glucose levels in T1DM might be recognised as PAMPs, leading to immune response by overloading the cell receptors for pathogens recognition. DC-SIGN is a transmembrane protein, present in dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages: it has an important role in inflammatory response and T cells activation. Notably, DC-SIGN activation and triggering of the immune response depend on the type of ligand, which may lead to a pro or anti-inflammatory pathway. In our association study, we analysed the SNPs rs4804803 (-336 A>G) and rs735239 (-871 A>G), both at DC-SIGN promoter region, in 210 T1DM patients and 157 healthy controls, also looking for a correlation with the age of onset of the disease. We found that the allele G and genotypes G/G and A/G of SNP-871 (rs735239), as well as the alleles G-G (rs735239-rs4804803) and genotypes combined AA-GG (rs735239-rs4804803) were associated with protection of T1DM development. We did not find association between these variations with the age of onset of the disease and the presence of other autoimmune disorders. Our results suggest that SNPs in DC-SIGN promoter region can be associated to protection for T1DM in the Northeast Brazilian population.
Assuntos
Moléculas de Adesão Celular/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/genética , Estudos de Associação Genética , Lectinas Tipo C/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Receptores de Superfície Celular/genética , Adolescente , Alelos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Razão de Chances , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Regiões Promotoras GenéticasRESUMO
The Interferon-induced with helicase C domain 1 (IFIH1) gene has been hypothesized as involved in the viral etiology of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and other autoimmune disorders, since it is implicated in viral recognition. In our study we analyzed IFIH1 rs6432714 and rs10930046 SNPs in T1D patients stratified for the presence of celiac disease and autoimmune thyroid disease. No association with susceptibility to develop the diseases was found. The rs6432714, a tag-SNP that represents part of helicase domain of IF1H1 protein showed a trend of association only with T1D development (P>0.025 after Bonferroni adjustment) in log-additive model (OR=1.45, P=0.0365, power=0.99), indicating that helicase domain of IFIH1 protein could be associated with the susceptibility to T1D.
Assuntos
RNA Helicases DEAD-box/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Adolescente , Brasil , Doença Celíaca/genética , Doença Celíaca/imunologia , Criança , RNA Helicases DEAD-box/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/imunologia , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , Doença de Hashimoto/genética , Doença de Hashimoto/imunologia , Humanos , Helicase IFIH1 Induzida por InterferonRESUMO
Vitamin D receptor is a mediator of immune responses through the action of vitamin D, which is capable of regulate the insulin secretion by the pancreas. Since polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene might modulate vitamin D function, and thus immunologic response, VDR is possibly able to influence the predisposition to type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The aim of this work was to perform an association study among VDR polymorphisms and T1DM susceptibility, as well as the correlation with the disease onset. Two hundred and four T1DM patients and 217 controls, from Northeast Brazil, were genotyped for five tagSNPs, covering the whole VDR gene. Our results indicated an association between rs1540339 and rs4760648 SNPs (p = 0.02 and p = 0.03, respectively) and T1DM. No association was found with T1DM onset and age at diagnose. To our knowledge, this is the first association study in T1DM where the whole VDR gene was analyzed, and our results indicate that VDR polymorphisms could be important for T1DM susceptibility, but do not seem to be associated to age at disease onset.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Polimorfismo Genético , Receptores de Calcitriol/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Idade de Início , Idoso , Alelos , Brasil , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Ordem dos Genes , Genótipo , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Desequilíbrio de Ligação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Toxoplasma gondii infection has been diagnosed in pigs all over the world. Economical losses are generally related to reproductive disorders. Toxoplasma infection is also a matter of public health because tissue cysts of the parasite may remain in pork and pork products, and become sources of human infection. The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency and risk factors associated with Toxoplasma infection in certified and non-certified pig breeding farms in the Toledo microregion, in the State of Paraná, Brazil which includes the cities of Toledo, Nova Santa Rosa, Sao José das Palmeiras and Sao Pedro do Iguaçu. Relative frequency of infection was 13.4%, independently of the type of farm. Logistic regression analysis showed that the following factors were associated with infection: absence of workers exclusive for each area of the farm, access of other animals to feeders and drinkers, lack of lids in drinkers, lack of rodent control measures, mean piglet number and weight at weaning per female.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia , Toxoplasmose Animal/epidemiologia , Criação de Animais Domésticos , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , SuínosRESUMO
Synanthropic rodents, mainly rats and mice, become ecologically associated with men due to changes in their ecosystems caused by human activities. These animals may take part in the epidemiological cycles of several diseases, including toxoplasmosis. The presence of serum antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in 43 rodents captured in the urban area of Umuarama, PR, Brazil, was verified by modified agglutination test (MAT). Brain and heart samples were also collected and bioassayed in mice for the isolation of the parasite. Isolated samples were analyzed by 12 multilocus genotyping. Although all rodents were seronegative, the parasite was isolated in one mouse (Mus musculus) and one rat (Rattus rattus). Genotyping showed that these samples were similar to those previously isolated from cats in the state of Parana, Brazil.
Assuntos
Toxoplasma/isolamento & purificação , Toxoplasmose Animal/parasitologia , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Genótipo , Humanos , Camundongos , Ratos , Toxoplasma/genética , Toxoplasmose Animal/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Metais traço como o chumbo (Pb) são poluentes ambientais muito abundantes devido sua ampla aplicação industrial. Os riscos ao meio ambiente causados pela presença destes elementos têm despertado a atenção das autoridades ambientais para o controle da emissão de poluentes e monitoramento, desta forma, o uso de bioindicadores têm sido constantes na avaliação de impactos ambientais. Os organismos mais comuns utilizados para este propósito são os macroinvertebrados bentônicos, pois estes organismos habitam o fundo deste ambiente durante pelo menos parte de seu ciclo de vida e estão associados a diversos tipos de substratos. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência da quantificação de chumbo em indivíduos da família Chironomidae visando sua utilização como indicadores de presença de chumbo em ambientes aquáticos que recebem descarga aleatória deste elemento. Amostras de quironomídeos e do substrato foram submetidas à solução extratora Mehlich e o chumbo foi quantificado por espectrometria de absorção atômica por chama GBC932. Detectou-se Pb nos indivíduos coletados em ambiente contaminado por este elemento, no entanto são necessários novos delineamentos experimentais para validação do método.
Trace metals, such as lead (Pb), are environmental pollutants are plentiful due its wide industrial application. The risks caused to the environment by the presence of these elements have awakened the attention of environmental authorities to control the emission of pollutants and monitoring, thus the use of biomarkers have been constant in the evaluation of environmental impacts. The most common organisms used for this purpose are benthic macroinvertebrates, since these organisms inhabit the bottom of this environment for at least a part of their life cycle and are associated to several types of substrates. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of quantification of lead in individuals of the family Chironomidae for their use as indicators of the presence of lead in aquatic environments that receive random discharge of this element. Samples of chironomids and substrate were submitted to the Mehlich extraction solution and the lead was measured by a GBC932 flame atomic absorption spectrometer. Pb was detected among individuals collected from Chironomidae family in environment contaminated by this element, however new experimental designs are needed to validate the method.
Assuntos
Chironomidae , Metais Pesados , ChumboRESUMO
We investigated the effects of chronic administration of sertraline (SERT; approximately 20 mg kg(-1) day(-1) in drinking water), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, on water and sodium intake and on plasma levels of oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (AVP) in basal and stimulated conditions. Basal water intake was reduced in SERT-treated rats. After 24 h of water deprivation, rats treated with SERT for 21 days ingested less water than the control rats (9.7 +/- 0.5 versus 20.0 +/- 0.9 ml, respectively, at 300 min after water presentation, P < 0.0001). Subcutaneous injection of 2 m NaCl or isoproterenol evoked a lower dipsogenic response in rats treated with SERT for 21 days. Fluid and food deprivation also induced a weaker dipsogenic response in SERT-treated rats (1.6 +/- 0.5 versus 10.2 +/- 1.2 ml, at 300 min, P < 0.0001) but had no effect on saline intake. Sodium depletion induced a higher natriorexigenic response in the SERT group (5.6 +/- 1.3 versus 1.2 +/- 0.3 ml, at 300 min, P < 0.0002). Higher urinary density and lower plasma sodium levels were observed after SERT treatment. Sertraline also increased plasma levels of vasopressin and oxytocin (AVP, 2.65 +/- 0.36 versus 1.31 +/- 0.16 pg ml(-1), P < 0.005; OT, 17.16 +/- 1.06 versus 11.3 +/- 1.03 pg ml(-1), P < 0.0009, at the third week post-treatment). These data constitute the first evidence that chronic SERT treatment affects water and sodium intake in rats. These effects seem to be related to the hyponatraemia caused by the higher plasma levels of AVP and OT.
Assuntos
Ocitocina/sangue , Inibidores Seletivos de Recaptação de Serotonina/farmacologia , Sertralina/farmacologia , Cloreto de Sódio na Dieta/farmacologia , Sede/efeitos dos fármacos , Vasopressinas/sangue , Agonistas Adrenérgicos beta/farmacologia , Animais , Apetite/efeitos dos fármacos , Ingestão de Líquidos/efeitos dos fármacos , Privação de Alimentos , Isoproterenol/farmacologia , Masculino , Pressão Osmótica , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Cloreto de Sódio na Dieta/sangue , Urina , Privação de ÁguaRESUMO
Toxoplasma gondii infection has been diagnosed in pigs all over the world. Economical losses are generally related to reproductive disorders. Toxoplasma infection is also a matter of public health because tissue cysts of the parasite may remain in pork and pork products, and become sources of human infection. The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency and risk factors associated with Toxoplasma infection in certified and non-certified pig breeding farms in the Toledo microregion, in the State of Paraná, Brazil which includes the cities of Toledo, Nova Santa Rosa, Sao José das Palmeiras and Sao Pedro do Iguaçu. Relative frequency of infection was 13.4%, independently of the type of farm. Logistic regression analysis showed that the following factors were associated with infection: absence of workers exclusive for each area of the farm, access of other animals to feeders and drinkers, lack of lids in drinkers, lack of rodent control measures, mean piglet number and weight at weaning per female.
A infecção pelo Toxoplasma gondii tem sido diagnosticada em suínos em todo o mundo. Perdas econômicas geralmente estão relacionadas a distúrbios reprodutivos. A infecção pelo Toxoplasma tem também importância em saúde pública, já que cistos teciduais do parasito podem persistir na carne e subprodutos oriundos de suínos, que servirão de fontes de infecção para o ser humano. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a frequência e os fatores de risco associados à infecção pelo Toxoplasma em granjas de reprodutores suídeos certificados ou não da microrregião de Toledo, no Paraná, que inclui os municípios de Toledo, Nova Santa Rosa, São José das Palmeiras e São Pedro do Iguaçú. A frequência relativa de infecção foi 13,4%, sem diferença com o tipo de granja. A análise de regressão logística demonstrou os seguintes fatores associados à infecção: não utilização de funcionários separados por área da granja, o acesso de animais ao cocho de ração e ao reservatório de água, a não utilização de tampa neste reservatório, a não prevenção de roedores, o número e peso médio de leitões ao desmame por porca.