Autoantibodies in lupus nephritis useful in distinguishing proliferative nephritis from membranous nephritis.

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to determine autoantibodies associated with lupus nephritis (LN), especially those useful in diagnosing proliferative and membranous nephritis. METHODS: A total of 106 patients with LN and 63 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus but no nephritis were enrolled; then, 55 patients were selected from the LN group and were divided into two groups: proliferative nephritis patients (n = 36) and membranous nephritis patients (n = 19). The autoantibody profiles of patients' sera were evaluated using the EUROLINE ANA Profile 3 (IgG) kit. RESULTS: A higher positivity rate of anti-double-stranded DNA antibody and anti-histone antibody was seen in LN patients compared to nonrenal systemic lupus erythematosus patients. In comparing between proliferative and membranous nephritis, the positivity of anti-nucleosome antibody was higher in proliferative nephritis, although it was not statistically significant. However, anti-nucleosome antibody-positive patients with LN had a higher prevalence of haematuria and pyuria, which are strong indications of proliferative nephritis. Also, a significantly higher positivity rate of anti-RNP70 antibody was seen in membranous nephritis compared to proliferative nephritis. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that anti-nucleosome and anti-RNP70 antibodies may be predictive nonhistological factors for discriminating between proliferative and membranous LN.

Critical role of lectin pathway mediated by MBL-associated serine proteases in complement activation for the pathogenesis in systemic lupus erythematosus.

In complement activation system, although the classical pathway has shown to play a critical role for the pathogenesis of SLE, the role of lectin pathway has remained unknown in the pathogenesis of SLE. As Mannose-binding lectin-associated serine proteases (MASPs) are associated with activation of the lectin pathway, we conducted this study to clarify MASPs associations in the pathogenesis of SLE. We evaluated the serum level of MASPs (MASP-1 and MASP-2) in total 68 SLE patients consisting of 15 patients with biopsy-confirmed membranous lupus nephritis (M-LN), 35 patients with biopsy-confirmed proliferative lupus nephritis (P-LN), and 18 SLE patients without LN (non-LN). Our data showed that the serum levels of MASPs were reduced in both P-LN and non-LN although those of M-LN were not reduced. Our data show that the lectin pathway mediated by MASPs plays a critical role for the pathogenesis of SLE except for M-LN.

Redesigning the nursing informatics education for nurse managers.

In order to redesign our short course for reeducating nurse managers, we investigated a pre-lecture score and a post-lecture score to find out the background knowledge of Japanese nursing managers in nursing informatics, and to ascertain the effects of a preliminary short course. The results helped us to select five topics out of all topics for which more time was necessary, for teaching our new short course for nursing managers.

Problems experienced by nurses in relation to disclosure of patient data immediately after enforcement of the personal information protection law in Japan.

An extension course for nurses providing details about the Act on the Protection of Personal Information was offered using a remote conferencing system. Experiences or problems related to disclosure of patient data were collected from the participants using a questionnaire. Most of the problems were placed in the category of disclosure of personal data to a third party, followed by those related to security safeguards and administration of employees. It is necessary for the JMHLW to gather more cases in order to expand the number of items in the Casebook by JMHLW. Also, systematic on-the-job education will be needed for nurses.

Nurses' perception on information privacy in Japan.

This study explores how nurses perceive patients' privacy and with whom they share the patients' information. A descriptive study was conducted on 710 nurses from three hospitals. The results show 1) nurses think of patients' privacy more importantly than their own privacy, 2) nurses hesitated somewhat to share information on "family structure" and "elimination habit" with other nurses, 3) nurses shared more limited information with the staff on the hospital food service unit than with other health professionals. Compared to the previous study conducted three years ago, this study showed nurses have become more sensitive to patient privacy in Japan.