A Decision Support System for Water Optimization in Anti-Frost Techniques by Sprinklers.

Precision agriculture is a growing sector that improves traditional agricultural processes through the use of new technologies. In southeast Spain, farmers are continuously fighting against harsh conditions caused by the effects of climate change. Among these problems, the great variability of temperatures (up to 20 °C in the same day) stands out. This causes the stone fruit trees to flower prematurely and the low winter temperatures freeze the flower causing the loss of the crop. Farmers use anti-freeze techniques to prevent crop loss and the most widely used techniques are those that use water irrigation as they are cheaper than other techniques. However, these techniques waste too much water and it is a scarce resource, especially in this area. In this article, we propose a novel intelligent Internet of Things (IoT) monitoring system to optimize the use of water in these anti-frost techniques while minimizing crop loss. The intelligent component of the IoT system is designed using an approach based on a multivariate Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model, designed to predict low temperatures. We compare the proposed approach of multivariate model with the univariate counterpart version to figure out which model obtains better accuracy to predict low temperatures. An accurate prediction of low temperatures would translate into significant water savings, as anti-frost techniques would not be activated without being necessary. Our experimental results show that the proposed multivariate LSTM approach improves the univariate counterpart version, obtaining an average quadratic error no greater than 0.65 °C and a coefficient of determination R2 greater than 0.97. The proposed system has been deployed and is currently operating in a real environment obtained satisfactory performance.

Randomised clinical simulation designed to evaluate the effect of telemedicine using Google Glass on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).

AIM: Through a clinical simulation, this study aims to assess the effect of telematics support through Google Glass (GG) from an expert physician on performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) performed by a group of nurses, as compared with a control group of nurses receiving no assistance. METHODS: This was a randomised study carried out at the Catholic University of Murcia (November 2014-February 2015). Nursing professionals from the Emergency Medical Services in Murcia (Spain) were asked to perform in a clinical simulation of cardiac arrest. Half of the nurses were randomly chosen to receive coaching from physicians through GG, while the other half did not receive any coaching (controls). The main outcome of the study expected was successful defibrillation, which restores sinus rhythm. RESULTS: Thirty-six nurses were enrolled in each study group. Statistically significant differences were found in the percentages of successful defibrillation (100% GG vs 78% control; p=0005) and CPR completion times: 213.91 s for GG and 250.31 s for control (average difference=36.39 s (95% CI 12.03 to 60.75), p=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Telematics support by an expert through GG improves success rates and completion times while performing CPR in simulated clinical situations for nurses in simulated scenarios.

[Randomized clinical simulation trial of a Google Glass telemedicine application to assist orotracheal intubation]. / Ensayo de simulación clínica aleatorizado para evaluar el efecto de la telemedicina, a través de las Google Glass®, en la intubación orotraqueal.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of a Google Glass telemedicine application to allow a medical expert to make corrections in simulated out-of-hospital intratracheal intubations performed by nurses. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Randomized clinical simulation trial designed by the Universidad Católica de Murcia between November 2014 and February 2015. Volunteer nurses from the emergency medicine service of Murcia, Spain, were randomized to an intervention group to simulate intubations with telemedicine assistance (n=25) or a control group that did not receive assistance (n=25). The main outcome variable was satisfactory orotracheal intubation. RESULTS: We observed statistically significant between-group differences in percentages of satisfactory intubation (telemedicine group, 96%, vs control group, 72%; P=.024) and time required to intubate the trachea (mean difference, 94.3 seconds, 95% CI, 40.7-147.9 seconds; P=.001). CONCLUSION: Telemedicine assistance from an expert by way of a Google Glass application improves the success rate and completion times of nurses performing out-of-hospital intratracheal intubations in clinical simulations.

OBJETIVO: Evaluar el efecto de la ayuda telemática, a través de las Google Glass® (GG), de un médico experto para la correcta intubación orotraqueal (IOT) realizada en simulación clínica por enfermeros de extrahospitalaria. METODO: Ensayo aleatorizado de simulación clínica desarrollado en la Universidad Católica de Murcia de noviembre 2014 a febrero 2015. Se distribuyó aleatoriamente a los enfermeros voluntarios de la Gerencia de Emergencias 061 de Murcia en un grupo de 25 enfermeros con ayuda telemática mediante las GG (GpG) y un grupo de 25 enfermeros sin ayuda (GpC). La variable principal del estudio fue la correcta IOT. RESULTADOS: Se hallaron diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos en los porcentajes de IOT correcta (96% GpG vs 72% GpC; p = 0,024) y en el tiempo de ejecución de la IOT [diferencia de medias 94,3 (IC95% 40,7-147,9) s; p = 0,001]. CONCLUSIONES: La ayuda telemática de un médico experto, a través de las GG, mejora los porcentajes y tiempos de la IOT correcta de los enfermeros de extrahospitalaria en situaciones clínicas simuladas.

[Unmanned aerial vehicles: usefulness for victim searches and triage in disasters]. / Utilidad de los vehículos aéreos no tripulados en la búsqueda y triaje de personas en situaciones de catástrofe.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the influence of drones equipped with thermal cameras for finding victims and aiding triage during disasters. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We carried out a prospective, cross-sectional analysis and 6 experimental simulations, each with 25 victims to locate and triage. Nurses were randomized to a control group or a drone group. Drone-group nurses were given access to images from the thermal cameras 10 minutes before the exercise started. RESULTS: The mean (SD) distance the nurses searched in the control group (1091.11 [146.41] m) was significantly greater than the distance searched by nurses in the drone group (920 [ 71.93] m (P = .0031). The control group found a mean of 66.7% of the victims, a significantly smaller percentage than the drone group's mean of 92% (P = .0001). Triage quality (undertriage and overtriage) was similar in the 2 groups as shown by maneuvers undertaken to open airways and control bleeding. CONCLUSION: Drones with thermal cameras were useful in searching for victims of simulated disasters in this study, although they had no impact on the quality of the nurses' triage.

OBJETIVO: Analizar la influencia del uso de un dron con cámara térmica en la localización y triaje de las víctimas en una situación de catástrofe. METODO: Se ha llevado a cabo un estudio analítico, experimental, prospectivo y transversal, donde se realizaron 6 simulacros de búsqueda de víctimas y triaje (cada uno de ellos con 25 víctimas). De manera aleatoria se hicieron dos grupos: Grupo Control (GC) y Grupo Dron (GD). Los profesionales del GD pudieron disponer de las imágenes de la cámara térmica instalada en un dron 10 minutos antes de comenzar el ejercicio. RESULTADOS: La distancia media recorrida por el GC fue de 1091,11 (DE: 146,41) metros, significativamente mayor (p = 0,0031) que la del GD 920 (DE: 71,93) metros. El porcentaje medio de víctimas encontradas por cada uno de los profesionales del GC fue del 66,7%, significativamente menor (p = 0,0001) que las encontradas por cada uno de los profesionales del GD, que ascendió al 92%. En la calidad del triaje (infra y supratriaje), apertura de la vía aérea y control de hemorragias no se encontraron diferencias entre los dos grupos analizados. CONCLUSIONES: El uso de drones con cámaras térmicas, en condiciones experimentales, es útil en la búsqueda y localización de víctimas en catástrofes, aunque no tiene impacto sobre la calidad del triaje realizado por los profesionales participantes en el estudio.

Ensayo de simulación clínica aleatorizado para evaluar el efecto de la telemedicina, a través de las Google Glass®, en la intubación orotraqueal / Randomized clinical simulation trial of a Google Glass telemedicine application to assist orotracheal intubation

Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de la ayuda telemática, a través de las Google Glass® (GG), de un médico experto para la correcta intubación orotraqueal (IOT) realizada en simulación clínica por enfermeros de extrahospitalaria. Método: Ensayo aleatorizado de simulación clínica desarrollado en la Universidad Católica de Murcia de noviembre 2014 a febrero 2015. Se distribuyó aleatoriamente a los enfermeros voluntarios de la Gerencia de Emergencias 061 de Murcia en un grupo de 25 enfermeros con ayuda telemática mediante las GG (GpG) y un grupo de 25 enfermeros sin ayuda (GpC). La variable principal del estudio fue la correcta IOT. Resultados: Se hallaron diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos en los porcentajes de IOT correcta (96% GpG vs 72% GpC; p = 0,024) y en el tiempo de ejecución de la IOT [diferencia de medias 94,3 (IC95% 40,7-147,9) s; p = 0,001]. Conclusión: La ayuda telemática de un médico experto, a través de las GG, mejora los porcentajes y tiempos de la IOT correcta de los enfermeros de extrahospitalaria en situaciones clínicas simuladas (AU)

Objective: To assess the effect of a Google Glass telemedicine application to allow a medical expert to make corrections in simulated out-of-hospital intratracheal intubations performed by nurses. Method: Randomized clinical simulation trial designed by the Universidad Católica de Murcia between November 2014 and February 2015. Volunteer nurses from the emergency medicine service of Murcia, Spain, were randomized to an intervention group to simulate intubations with telemedicine assistance (n=25) or a control group that did not receive assistance (n=25). The main outcome variable was satisfactory orotracheal intubation. Results: We observed statistically significant between-group differences in percentages of satisfactory intubation (telemedicine group, 96%, vs control group, 72%; P=.024) and time required to intubate the trachea (mean difference, 94.3 seconds, 95% CI, 40.7–147.9 seconds; P=.001). Conclusions: Telemedicine assistance from an expert by way of a Google Glass application improves the success rate and completion times of nurses performing out-of-hospital intratracheal intubations in clinical simulations (AU)

Utilidad de los vehículos aéreos no tripulados en la búsqueda y triaje de personas en situaciones de catástrofe / Unmanned aerial vehicles: usefulness for victim searches and triage in disasters

Objetivo: Analizar la influencia del uso de un dron con cámara térmica en la localización y triaje de las víctimas en una situación de catástrofe. Método: Se ha llevado a cabo un estudio analítico, experimental, prospectivo y transversal, donde se realizaron 6 simulacros de búsqueda de víctimas y triaje (cada uno de ellos con 25 víctimas). De manera aleatoria se hicieron dos grupos: Grupo Control (GC) y Grupo Dron (GD). Los profesionales del GD pudieron disponer de las imágenes de la cámara térmica instalada en un dron 10 minutos antes de comenzar el ejercicio. Resultados: La distancia media recorrida por el GC fue de 1091,11 (DE: 146,41) metros, significativamente mayor (p = 0,0031) que la del GD 920 (DE: 71,93) metros. El porcentaje medio de víctimas encontradas por cada uno de los profesionales del GC fue del 66,7%, significativamente menor (p = 0,0001) que las encontradas por cada uno de los profesionales del GD, que ascendió al 92%. En la calidad del triaje (infra y supratriaje), apertura de la vía aérea y control de hemorragias no se encontraron diferencias entre los dos grupos analizados. Conclusión: El uso de drones con cámaras térmicas, en condiciones experimentales, es útil en la búsqueda y localización de víctimas en catástrofes, aunque no tiene impacto sobre la calidad del triaje realizado por los profesionales participantes en el estudio (AU)

Objective: To analyze the influence of drones equipped with thermal cameras for finding victims and aiding triage during disasters. Methods: We carried out a prospective, cross-sectional analysis and 6 experimental simulations, each with 25 victims to locate and triage. Nurses were randomized to a control group or a drone group. Drone-group nurses were given access to images from the thermal cameras 10 minutes before the exercise started. Results: The mean (SD) distance the nurses searched in the control group (1091.11 [146.41] m) was significantly greater than the distance searched by nurses in the drone group (920 [ 71.93] m (P = .0031). The control group found a mean of 66.7% of the victims, a significantly smaller percentage than the drone group’s mean of 92% (P = .0001). Triage quality (undertriage and overtriage) was similar in the 2 groups as shown by maneuvers undertaken to open airways and control bleeding. Conclusion: Drones with thermal cameras were useful in searching for victims of simulated disasters in this study, although they had no impact on the quality of the nurses’ triage (AU)