RESUMO
We demonstrate high-harmonic generation for the time-domain observation of the electric field (HHG-TOE) and use it to measure the waveform of ultrashort mid-infrared (MIR) laser pulses interacting with ZnO thin-films or WS2 monolayers. The working principle relies on perturbing HHG in solids with a weak replica of the pump pulse. We measure the duration of few-cycle pulses at 3200 nm, in reasonable agreement with the results of established pulse characterization techniques. Our method provides a straightforward approach to accurately characterize femtosecond laser pulses used for HHG experiments right at the point of interaction.
RESUMO
A multi-serovar ELISA based on the outer membrane Lipoprotein L41 (LipL41) of pathogenic Leptospira was developed to increase sensitivity by using a single test antigen. A sensitivity of 99 % and a specifity of 92 % could be achieved. The established diagnostic polymerase chain reaction is also able to detect fast and reliably pathogenic Leptospira in different clinical samples.
Assuntos
Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterinária , Leptospira/isolamento & purificação , Leptospirose/veterinária , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Doenças dos Suínos/diagnóstico , Animais , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodos , Gerbillinae , Leptospira/genética , Leptospira/patogenicidade , Leptospirose/diagnóstico , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , SuínosRESUMO
The evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antibodies against chlamydiae in pig sera is described. The most widely used serological test is the complement fixation test (CFT). The CFT has a lack of sensitivity and specificity because of low antibody titers and unspecific reactions. Eight conventionally raised pigs were exposed to a pathogenic strain of Chlamydia suis, four controls were mock infected. The immune responses was monitored by CFT and indirect ELISA. There was no agreement between CFT and ELISA data. These results were confirmed by a study with 191 sera from nine pig farms. As shown by ELISA and PCR chlamydiae are widespread in swine.